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同位语:句子中处于同等位置的两个名词性组成部分,其中一个成分是对另一个成分的解释或补充说明,如 My teacher, a retired professor, come to China two years ago. 其中 My teacher 和 a retired professor 就是同为关系,后者补充说明前者。
同位语从句:上面所说的两个名词性成分中一个是从句,称作“同位语从句”。其特点为:
比较:
定语从句:I have heard the story that you told me moments ago. (the story 既是主句的宾语,也是从句的间接宾语—— that you told me the story moments ago)
同位语从句:I have heard the story that an old lady was injured in the car accident. (the story 和从句 that an old lady was injured in the car accident 是同位关系,从句补充说明先行词 the story。这两个成分可以用一个系表结构来解释:The story is that an old lady was injured in the car accident.)
真南真北
同位语从句,指的是在复杂句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴。同位语从句用来对其前面的名词的内在属性或本质内容进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。同位语从句通常以when,where,why,who,how,that, whether等连接词来引导。
奔跑de小土豆
同位语有两种含义:
初级的同位语就是名词或短语,例如:
Sarah, my friend, likes going swimming every Sunday.
my friend 就是 Sarah 的同位语,表示Sarah本人。Sarah是主语,如果去掉Sarah,my friend完全可以担任本句的主语。
进阶版的同位语就是一个句子,带有这种句子的就是同位语从句,例如:
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
that we are having a holiday tomorrow 是本句 The news 的同位语,表达的是news的内容。The news 在本句中担任主语,如果去掉The news,that we are having a holiday tomorrow完全可以担任本句主语。只不过,原句的语法类型我们称之为同位语从句,而去掉The news的句子语法类型,就变成了主语从句。
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