smilejune521
直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下，在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义,求得内容和形式相符的方法。
意译是指译者在受到译语社会文化差异的局限时，不得不舍弃原文的字面意义，以求疑问与原文的内容相符和主要语言功能的相似。意译指在译文中舍弃原作的表达方法，另觅同意等效的表达方法， 或指对原作的句子结构进行较大的变化或调整。
简单地说，直译指在译文中采用原作的的表达方法，句子结构与原句相似，但也不排除在短语层次进行某些调整。
翻译时，一般有直译和意译两种方法。直译就是按照原文，逐字逐句地翻译出来，意译则是换一种方式将原文的意思表达出来。
做商业翻译时，一般的原则是，能直译时尽量直译，在征得客户的同意的前提下或客户要求时，可以适当意译。另外，如果能以基本相同的结构形式表达出原文的意思，尽量采用相同的结构形式，如果实在不能保持原文的形式，则可以适当变通。
直译举例：
如，When you arrive, please call me. →你到了之后给我打电话。如果原文是"Pleas call me when you arrive"，译文一般不能保持原文的形式，说，“给我打电话，你到了之后”，还是应该翻成“你到了之后给我打电话”。编译一般在商业翻译中不常见，是将原文内容翻译出来后进行编辑，只留下自己需要的部分使用，在此不多做说明。
青烟缭绕
音译(transliteration)Transliteration is a mapping from one system of writing into another. Transliteration attempts to be lossless, so that an informed reader should be able to reconstruct the original spelling of unknown transliterated words. To achieve this objective transliteration may define complex conventions for dealing with letters in a source script which do not correspond with letters in a goal script. Romaji is an example of a transliterating method.This is opposed to transcription, which maps the sounds of one language to the script of another language. Still, most transliterations map the letters of the source script to letters pronounced similarly in the goal script, for some specific pair of source and goal language.One instance of transliteration is the use of an English computer keyboard to type in a language that uses a different alphabet, such as in Russian. While the first usage of the word implies seeking the best way to render foreign words into a particular language, the typing transliteration is a purely pragmatic process of inputting text in a particular language. Transliteration from English letters is particularly important for users who are only familiar with the English keyboard layout, and hence could not type quickly in a different alphabet even if their software would actually support a keyboard layout for another language. Some programs, such as the Russian language word processor Hieroglyph provide typing by transliteration as an important feature. The rest of the article concerns itself with the first meaning of the word, that is rendering foreign words into a different alphabet.If the relations between letters and sounds are similar in both languages, a transliteration may be (almost) the same as a transcription. In practice, there are also some mixed transliteration/transcription systems, that transliterate a part of the original script and transcribe the rest. Greeklish is an example of such a mixture.In a broader sense, the word transliteration is used to include both transliteration in the narrow sense and transcription. Anglicizing is a transcription method. Romanization encompasses several transliteration and transcription methods.=============================================================意译（literal translation）"Translation" is, etymologically, a "carrying across" or "bringing across": the Latin translatio derives from transferre (trans, "across" + ferre, "to carry" or "to bring"). The modern European languages, Romance, Germanic and Slavic, have generally formed their own equivalent terms for this concept after the Latin model: after transferre or after the kindred traducere ("to lead across" or "to bring across"). Additionally, the Greek term for "translation," metaphrasis (a "speaking across"), has supplied English with "metaphrase," meaning a literal, or word-for-word, translation, as contrasted with "paraphrase" (a "saying in other words," from the Greek paraphrasis).直译：a word-for-word translation，其实literal translation也代表直译
