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2010~2018考研英语真题（英语一）|2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案.pdf|2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.pdf|2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案.pdf|2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.pdf|2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案.pdf|2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.pdf|2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案.pdf|2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.pdf|2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案.pdf|2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.pdf|2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案.pdf|2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.pdf|2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案.pdf|2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.pdf
长春小熊猫
2021年考研英语一翻译真题解析：
Part C: Read the following text are fully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.( 10 points)
46. Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3%-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.
【解析】1.这句话主干为Those societies came out of the war.
2. with levels of enrollment是介宾短语作状语;
3. that had been roughly constant at 3%-5% of the relevant age groups是定语从句修饰前面levels of enrollment.
【参考译文】战争结束后，这些社会的入学率仍旧保持在战前几十年里相关年龄段的3%-5%。
47. And the demand that rose in those societies of entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war.
【解析】1. 这句话主干为the demand extended to groups and social classes，其中extended为谓语动词;
2. that rose in those societies of entry to higher education定语从句修饰demand;
3. that had not thought of attending a university before the war定语从句修饰前面groups and social classes.
【参考译文】那些社会中对获得高等教育的需求不断上升，战前没有想过上大学的群体和社会阶层也逐步有了这样的需求。
48. In many countries of western Europe, the numbers of student in higher education doubled within five-years periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight or 10 years by the middle of 1970 s.
【解析】这句话主干为the numbers of student in higher education doubled and double again，In many countries of western Europe为地点状语，其他部分为时间状语从句。
【参考译文】20世纪60年代，许多西欧国家接受高等教育的学生人数在5年内翻了一番，到70年代中期，在7年、8年或10年里又翻了一番。
49. and when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from past graduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty.
【解析】这句话主干为they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty，when引导的是时间状语从句;其中fresh from past graduate study是形容词短语修饰men and women。
【参考译文】新员工当中大部分是刚毕业的年轻男女时，他们在很大程度上定义了该院的学术生活规范。
50. High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation, they also weakened the forms and process by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth.
【解析】1.这句话主干是一个并列句为High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation, they also weakened the forms and process;
2. by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth定语从句修饰forms and process.
【参考译文】高增长率增加了学术创新的机会，同时也削弱了教师和学生在稳定或缓慢增长时期加入学者群体的形式和过程。
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奔跑的流沙包
Come on -Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed. There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day. Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends. 21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as [A] a supplement to the social cure [B] a stimulus to group dynamics [C] an obstacle to school progress [D] a cause of undesirable behaviors 22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should [A] recruit professional advertisers [B] learn from advertisers’ experience [C] stay away from commercial advertisers [D] recognize the limitations of advertisements 23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to [A] adequately probe social and biological factors [B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure [C] illustrate the functions of state funding [D]produce a long-lasting social effect 24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors [A] is harmful to our networks of friends [B] will mislead behavioral studies [C] occurs without our realizing it [D] can produce negative health habits 25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is [A] harmful [B] desirable [C] profound [D] questionable
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