水手特洛伊
钢琴是一种键盘乐器。在意大利语中，“钢琴”就是指能同时发出强音和弱音的羽管键琴，有“乐器之王”的称号。下面，我们一起阅读这篇公共英语四级阅读文章来了解一下钢琴吧。
Piano
The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries —— the spinet, the dulcimer, and the virginal. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. The clavichord's tone was metallic and never powerful; nevertheless, because of the variety of tone possible to it, many composers found the clavichord a sympathetic instrument for intimate chamber music. The harpsichord with its bright, vigorous tone was the favorite instrument for supporting the bass of the small orchestra of the period and for concert use, but the character of the tone could not be varied save by mechanical or structural devices.
The piano was perfected in the early eighteenth century by a harpsichord maker in Italy(though musicologists point out several previous instances of the instrument). This instrument was called a piano e forte (soft and loud), to indicate its dynamic versatility; its strings were struck by a recoiling hammer with a felt-padded head. The wires were much heavier in the earlier instruments. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance.
钢琴
钢琴的家系可以追溯至 15 至 16 世纪早期的键盘乐器，包括小型拨弦琴、洋琴和维金娜琴。17 世纪时风琴、敲弦琴和拨弦琴成为键盘乐器类的主要成员。这种至高无上的地位一直为它们所保持，直到 18 世纪末期钢琴将它们取代。
敲弦古钢琴的音调有金属的音质，缺乏雄劲。然而由于它的音调变化多，许多作曲家发现对于亲切的室内乐是一种得体的乐器。人们最喜欢用具备明快有力音调的拨弦古钢琴来配合当时小型管弦乐团的低音乐器以 及在演奏会上演奏。但它的音调难以变化，除非使用机械或构件装置。18 世纪早期的意大利，钢琴在一位拨琴钢琴制造者手中得到完善(尽管音乐理论家们指出有更早的例子)。这种乐器被称为 piano eforte (意大利语，柔和而响亮的)，以显示它有力的多样性。演奏者用 一个头部带皮毡的`弹击乐锤敲击琴弦。更早的这种乐器之上的金属丝要重得多。从此，持续到 19 世纪的一系列机械上的改进，包括引入踏板以维持音调或使其柔和，改善金属框架，以及使用最佳性能的钢丝，最终产生了一种具备无数音调效果的乐器。这些效果涵盖了从最精致的和声到几乎全部的管弦乐音响，从明快流畅的吟唱的音调到尖锐的打击乐器的清晰动人的恢宏气势。
附：公共英语四级阅读技巧之整体把握文章的脉络
段落信息匹配题的题目的顺序与文章的行文顺序完全不符，这就要求考生在阅读文章时整体把握文章的结构和脉络，熟悉文章的写作思路，基本能做到理解每题的中心思想后，能大体定位到文章的相应部分，而不是漫无目的地在全文的每个段落里搜寻。如样题中的文章：首先引出话题;中间部分主要谈论两方面的内容—大学在全球网罗人才和开展工作，同时大学也在重塑研究方法;最后是大学全球化的影响和作用。把文章这样分成四个部分以后，根据每个题目的内容，就可以找到大体的位置。
墨迹墨迹小蜗牛
导语：四级阅读的难度貌似每年都会有所提升呢，为了解决大家对于四级阅读的烦恼，特别带来一篇有关英语四级阅读技巧的文章，希望对大家有所帮助。
答题技巧一： 详略得当
对于大学英语四级阅读来说，根据题目的“题眼”快速在文章中找到答案是最关键的，这样我们就要在阅读时注意详略得当。克服精读精益求精的习惯，做到有信息处精读，无信息处略读，略读处一扫而过。
题目中数字、人名等信息(题眼)在原文中对应的部分必须详读。而对所要解释或证明的观点的细节举例处或者通常有数个名词的并列项，它们不是完整的主谓宾的句子，因此无法与问题对应的详细列举处，都可以略读。
答题技巧二：显性信息
查读的信息通常是显性信息，只要将问题在原文中进行准确定位就能得到正确答案，一般不需要做推理。
特别提示：考生对于以下一些显性信息也应注意
(1) 表示因果关系的词或词组：because, reason, due to, since, so that, therefore等
(2) 表示目的关系的词或词组：in order to, so as to, by等
(3) 表示转折关系的词或词组：but, however, yet等
(4) 表示对比关系的词或词组：contrary to, unlike, like等
答题技巧三：题文同序
英语四级考试的阅读部分，问题顺序与原文顺序一致(有时顺序不一致)，这就要求考生应该按照题目的顺序依次做题。
答题技巧四：分解对应
分解对应四分法：快速将问题分解成4个部分(主A 谓B宾C+其他D)，与原文进行对比。
答题技巧五：选小不选大
四级阅读中，问题的'范围必须小于原文范围，反之则不选。
不能选的选项为：
(1) 选项的信息与原文内容相反
(2) 选项将原文的意思张冠李戴
(3) 将原文中的不确定因素转化为确定因素
(4) 改变原文中的条件、范围等
答题技巧六： 主宾判定
四级阅读中，将题干的句子进行简单分解后，问题中的主语、宾语在原文未出现或被偷换概念，则不选。
不选的选项：
(1) 选项表述无中生有
(2) 原文中作者的目的、意图、愿望等内容在选项作为客观事实陈述
(3) 将原文中的特殊情况推广为普遍现象
(4) 将原文的内容具体化
(5) 随意比较原文中的两个事物
答题技巧七：相关信息准确合并
考生遇到问题时，不能只局限在某一段里面找答案，可以先做后面的题目，在后面的阅读中发现还有该题的答案时，将相关信息合并后再确定答案。
以上就是我为您带来的大学英语四级阅读技巧，希望对大家有所帮助。
半透明SKY也
大学英语四级考试(CET-4)是衡量大学生英语水平的重要指标,同时与学位证书挂钩,受到师生的广泛关注。下面是我带来的英语四级 文章 原文及翻译，欢迎阅读!英语四级文章原文及翻译篇一 Talent Show Nowadays, talent shows have occupied a good proportion of screen time. Participants compete in various fields, such as singing, acting and cat walking, etc. The winners not only get grand prix but also gain promising career prospects in the entertainment industry. People hold diversified opinion about talent shows. According to a survey conducted in X city, 59% of the interviewees believed that they did more good than harm, whereas 41% opposed it. 现在，选秀节目占据了电视播出时间的很大一部分。参与者在各个领域竞争，比如 唱歌 、表演、走猫步等等。获胜者不仅能得到大奖，而且能在娱乐界获得很有前途的职业前景。人们对选秀有各种各样的看法。根据在X市所做的调查，59%的受访者相信选秀是利大于弊，然而有41%的人表示反对。 The people in favor of the shows believe that they have given participants an equal chance to bring forth their talents. Talent shows in general provide a platform for people who want to stand in the spotlight. Besides, such programs are usually interactive with audience who vote out the winners. Despite the economic gains, many people dislike such contests, holding that the vulgar competition encourages an unhealthy thinking among the young people of becoming famous ovemight. 支持选秀的人认为它们给参赛者一个平等的展示天分的机会。选秀节目通常为那些想站在聚光灯下的人提供一个平台。此外，这种节目一般会与观众互动，由观众投票选出获胜者。尽管经济在增长，有许多人不喜欢这种比赛，他们认为低俗的比赛助长了年轻人中想一夜成名的不健康想法。 In my opinion, talent shows are no doubt a commercial success and an entertainment feast. And it is all too easy to label them as "vulgar" or "biased". Though I do have some reservation towards them, I believe that the programs themselves are not harmful， as long as run properly and viewed with a light heart of enjoyment. (206 words) 我认为，选秀节目无疑是个商业上的成功和娱乐盛宴。而且给它们贴上“低俗”或“有偏见”的标签太草率了。虽然我确实对它们有一些异议，但我相信只要合理操作并且用欣赏的轻松心态来看待，节目本身没有害处。 英语四级文章原文及翻译篇二 A Letter of Apology 15th , March Dear Mr. Wang, I am writing to apologize for my late homework. The paper which you have assigned to us last Monday was due this Friday, but to my regret, I haven't even started it yet. I feel really sorry for not handing in the paper on time and for the inconvenience itwould bring to you. 尊敬的王老师： 为我迟交的作业，特写信致歉。您上周一布置给我们的论文是截止到这周五，但是我非常抱歉，我甚至还没开始写。没有及时上交论文，以及为此可能带给你的不便，我真的感到很抱歉。 I have caught a serious cold last week and the doctor asked me to stay in bed for a week since I was very weak and the weather was very cold these days. Therefore, I couldn't go to the library to get the necessary referential information which was needed for my paper. As a result of this, I have not started writing the paper yet and could not hand it in on time. 上周我得了重感冒，因为身体虚弱、天气寒冷，医生要求我卧床一周。因此，我不能去图书馆查找写论文必要的参考信息。结果是，我还没开始写论文，也就不能按时交了。 Fortunately I have finally fully recovered. I will finish the paper as soon as I can and try my best to hand in homework on time in the future. 幸运的是，我终于完全康复了。我会尽我所能尽快完成论文，并且今后尽力按时交作业。 英语四级文章原文及翻译篇三 Lost and Found On the evening of September 9th, 2011 , I lost a Samsung digital camera in the English reading-room on the 4th floor of the new library in the west district of our uruversity. 本人于2011年9月9日晚，在学校西区新图书馆四层的英语阅览室丢失三星数码相机一部。 The digital camera can be generally described as follows. It is brand new and silver gray in color with a black leather coat. What's more, the camera is as big as a piece of cake and as light as a regular mobile phone. 对数码相机的大体描述如下:全新，银灰色，带黑色皮革相机套。还有，相机大小如一块 蛋糕 ，重量和常见的手机一样。 This camera is a birthday present from my best friend, so losing it upsets me a lot. The one who found it please contact me at from 19:00 to 22:00 in the evening or email me at at any time. Thank you very much! 这部相机是我最好的朋友送的生日礼物，丢了让我很难过。找到相机的人，请于晚上七点到十点之间拨打手机联系我，或随时将邮件发送到 。非常感谢!
优质英语培训问答知识库
