船舶英文介绍

BOARD--the side of a vessel -; fm. the Old French bort, meaning ';edge, ship's side'. From this reference word we get on board, out board, in board and boarding etc…STARBOARD ;--the right side of a vessel – slurring of "steering-board". Prior to the invention of the modern rudder, an oar was hung over the right hand side of the ship in order to steer. Indeed, the word rudder is a corruption of the old English word rother, which simply means ‘oar or paddle’.LARBOARD – the left side of a vessel – slurring of "larder-board". Due to the need to keep the vessel’s steering oar clear for manoeuvring, the left hand side of the ship was put alongside the dock/wharf in order to load/off-load cargo or ‘larder’ the ship – fm. the Latin word lardarium meaning ‘a room for storing food’.PORT – the left side of a vessel – corruption of the French word portage, meaning ‘to carry’, which you certainly had to do with all of the ship’s cargo. Same reason as for larboard. Interestingly, all commercial harbours are historically called ‘ports’ because they’re places that sailors knew that they’d have to carry something.STERN – the rearmost (blunt) end of a vessel – fm. the Norse word stjórn meaning ‘steering’. (Ref: STARBOARD)BOW – the front (pointy) end of a vessel – fm. the German boog, meaning ‘shoulder’ or a ‘main branch of a tree’. A very stout piece of timber was required to form the front of a vessel, due to the pounding it took from the ocean, (more so if a ram was affixed there). The best part of a tree for this job was then a main branch, or stem, for it’s strength and flexibility. This led to the expression "from stem to stern".HISTORIC NOTE - : Vast forests were planted to produce the desired woods required for shipbuilding – and the desired shapes (for certain key pieces) were cultivated like giant bonsai trees.Top (top of page)DECK – a floor of a ship. Originally, a canvas covering on a ship. Later, a solid surface serving as a roof and floor. – fm. the Dutch word dec, meaning ‘covering, roof’ or dekken meaning ‘to cover’.HEAD – the top of a ship’s mast or rib. In the case of a rib, it would be a headpiece (or brace) used to support something above it for strength.DECKHEAD – today it refers to the bottom of the deck above you (the ceiling), however it actually refers to the rib braces supporting the entire deck (floor) above you. We refer to the ship’s ribs as frames today.BULKHEAD – a barrier (wall) between separate compartments inside a ship. Originally, it was a method of packing and securing loose cargo (something in bulk). Today it refers to all internal and superstructure walls. A perfect example of ‘bulk-head’ packing is a warship’s ammunition magazine and how the individual shells are stored.HULL – the main body of a ship, including the sides, bottom and deck but not the superstructure or fittings. – fm. the Old English word hulu, meaning ‘seed shell or fruit rind’.HISTORIC NOTE: – In ancient times (pre-cannon), naval battles were little more than land battles fought on the water. Ships would draw alongside each other and the soldiers would board (and fight) like the infantry that they were or they’d ram each other. There was no ‘standing’ Navy per se, but ‘temporarily converted’ merchant ships, which had been pressed into service. Indeed, the very word navy comes from the Latin navis, which simply means ‘ship’. Eventually, advances in ship design and weaponry meant that you didn’t have the luxury of time to convert your merchant fleet into warships, a permanent class of warship was required.FO"C"SLE – slurring of the word forecastle – the forward or bow weather deck. In ancient times, merchant ships were pressed into service as warships and would require a fighting conversion. This included the actual building of an archery tower (a castle) on both the forward and after parts of the ship. Most were constructed of light wood, for stability purposes, however there are some historical cases of stone being employed. A quick way of writing fo’c’sle is FX.AFTERCASTLE – an archaic reference to the after weather deck. Today this part of the ship is called the Quarterdeck, however it is still written as AX (which can be confusing, but this is the reason for it).QUATERDECK – the after weather deck. Literally a deck which ran 1/4th of the ships’ length from the stern. Traditionally, the position of command where the vessels’ master/captain would control the ship. He could best judge the wind and sea direction from there, adjusting his sails and course accordingly.Respect is always payed (salute or come briefly to attention/doff cap) to the quarterdeck when boarding or leaving a ship as an acknowledgment of the Captain’s authority (the Crown), however it has a more ancient history.Sailors are a superstitious lot, and the ocean is a dangerous place, so they would erect a shrine to whichever god they hoped would protect them. Of course, the most comfortable place on a sailing ship is at the stern, so that’s where they placed the shrine and would pay homage to it whenever they entered or left the ship. Interestingly, the vessel’s Master would also act as their god’s priest (mess with the Captain and you mess with god!) and this tradition has carried on to today. In particular, the performance of marriage or burial at sea.Top (top of page)BRIDGE – the command position of a modern, powered ship and a term that we have the stoker trade to thank for. The first application of steam powered vessels involved covered paddle-wheels amidships (port & starboard). The new maritime trade of engineer (slang word of stoker is due to the shovelling of coal into the furnace of the steam engine) had to do maintenance on these wheels and built a bridge between them for ease of access. The Captain, on his quarterdeck, saw that he could control this new powered vessel of his better from this bridge and transferred his command position there. When it was later proven that screw propellers are superior to paddle wheels (and that they’d solved the question of piercing the hull with a propeller shaft without sinking the ship) the paddle wheels were gone but the bridge remained.HEADS – the lavatory. Always pronounced in the plural. In the days of sail, the wind would ideally come from astern or the quarters (45 degrees from astern). Therefore it was prudent to go to the head of the ship (bow) to do your business (remembering the saying "don’t piss into the wind"). You had a choice of which side of the bow to use and this is why it’s referred to in the plural. (only the USN uses the singular ‘head’)

用英语介绍船的范文：

Boats are an important means of water transportation. The earliest boat, the canoe (hollowed out from a log), appeared in the Stone Age.

船是重要的水上交通工具。在石器时代就出现了最早的船——独木舟（把一根圆木中间挖空）。

Then came boats with oars and sails. Later came ships powered by steam or diesel engines. Today, powered by solar energy and jet engines, ships can travel at astonishing speeds, reaching top speeds of more than 500 kilometers per hour.

然后,出现了有桨和帆的船。后来又出现了用蒸汽或柴油发动机提供动力的船。今天人们用太阳能和喷气式发动机作为船的动力，航行的速度令人吃惊，最高时速已经可以达到500千米以上了。

1、客船

passenger ship、 passenger boat

2、货船

cargo ship、freighter、cargo vessel

3、木材船

wooden boat

4、油船

tanker

5、挖泥船

dredger

6、消防船

fireboat

7、渔船

fisher

8、军舰

warship

9、航母

aircraft carrier

扩展资料：

按用途分，有民用船和军用船；

按船体材料，有木船、钢船、水泥船和玻璃钢船等；

按航行的区域分，有远洋船、近洋船、沿海船和内河船等；

按动力装置分，有蒸汽机船、内燃机船、汽轮船和核动力船等；

按推进方式分，有明轮船、螺旋桨船、平旋推进器船和风帆助航船等；

按航进方式分，有自航船和非自航船；

按航近状态分，有排水型船和非排水型船。

民用船舶的分类中通常是按用途进行划分的。因分类方式的不同，同一条船舶可有不同的称呼。按用途的不同，可分为：

客货船；普通货船；集装箱船、滚装船、载驳船；散粮船、煤船、兼用船；兼用船（矿石/油船、矿石/散货船/油船）特种货船（运木船、冷藏船、汽车运输船等）；油船、液化气体船、液体化学品船、木材船、冷藏船、打捞船、海难救助船、破冰船、敷缆船、科学考察船和渔船等。