mandoline英文

我在google上挖的，看看能不能符合你的要求。The History of Music Boxes: 历史的音乐盒： The origin of music boxes can be traced back to 1796, to Antoine Favre, the watchmaker from Geneva, who fathered nearly two centuries of mechanical dreams.起源的音乐盒，可以追溯到1796年，安托万米尼戈法莱，制表，从日内瓦，卫生组织的父亲近两个世纪的机械梦想。 At first merely a gadget incorporated in watches, perfume bottles, pendants, etc., the musical movement was the glory of Sainte-Croix during the second half of the 19th century.在第一只是一个小工具纳入了手表，香水瓶，吊坠等，音乐运动的光荣圣克罗伊在二19世纪下半叶。 At the time this industrial activity represented 10% of the total volume of Swiss exports and was a source of delight to the high and mighty of this world, from Europe to China.在当时的工业活动，这代表总数的10 ％货量瑞士出口和是一个来源的喜悦，以高和威武的这个世界，从欧洲到中国。 Edison and his phonograph, the first World War, as well as the crisis of 1929, hit the music box industry very badly, so much so that it nearly disappeared.爱迪生和他的phonograph ，第一届世界战争，以及危机的1929年，击中音乐盒业非常严重，以致几乎消失了。 After the second World War, thanks to the American army stationed in Europe, Swiss music boxes were given a new lease on life.第二次世界大战后，由于美国军队驻扎在欧洲，瑞士音乐盒给出了一个新的契约论的生活。 The Music House offers a complete range of musical movements.音乐之家提供一个完整的音乐运动。 DAILY RECORD SUBMISSIONStevenson College Edinburgh lifts the lid on the Music BoxMusic and Drama students from Stevenson College Edinburgh made history this spring bybecoming the first college in Scotland to stage an opera. As the College prepares to open itsbrand new, state-of-the-art performing arts centre, future firsts are on the cards.The Music Box is designed to offer rehearsal, recording and performance facilities tomusicians, actors, dancers or anyone with an interest in the performing arts. The multi-millionpound facility will include a recording studio with ‘live’ room, classrooms, music tutorial roomsand a 180-seat auditorium to stage concerts and plays.Morag Campbell, Head of Faculty of Creative Arts at Stevenson, said: “The Music Box is agreat way to increase access to the performing environment. Stevenson has strongconnections to the arts community and students will benefit from first class facilities and anexcellent teaching team who have come from the industry they teach.”Stevenson College Edinburgh has recently introduced a number of new BTEC music andperformance courses in subjects including Musical Theatre, Classical Music and Popular Musicwhich prepare students for employment or progression into Higher Education.-END历史的音乐盒 The idea of a self playing music box was developed from the carillon bell towers used in Europe where a rotating barrel, pinned with cogs in certain positions, would move hammers to strike tuned bells at the proper time to produce music.的思想，自我发挥音乐盒是发达国家从carillon钟水塔使用在欧洲何处旋转桶，形格势禁，与cogs在某些职位，会动议锤罢工调谐钟，在适当时机，以制作音乐。 The next invention to make a music box possible was the tuned steel music note or tooth, in the late 18th century.未来的发明，使音乐盒可能是调谐钢音乐Note或牙齿，在18世纪后期。 This invention led to a new industry, the music box industry, which was started in Switzerland, and grew to employ over 100,000 workers in Europe and America.这项发明率领的一个新的产业，音乐盒业，这是开始在瑞士，长大雇用超过十万工人在欧洲和美洲。 Early makers included F. Nicole, Reymond Nicole, Nicole Freres, LeCoultre, Henry Capt and others.早期的决策者，包括楼的Nicole ， reymond妮可，妮可freres ， lecoultre ，亨利上尉等。 During the mid 19th century as demand for music boxes ( often called musical box or boxes) grew, additional makers named BA Bremond, Mermod Freres, Charles Paillard, Paillard Vaucher Fils – PVF, Langdorff, L’Epee, Heller, George Baker, Samuel Troll, Baker-Troll, and many others, from snuff boxes, necessaries, and bird boxes to mandoline, sublime harmonie, interchangeable cylinder and orchestra cylinder music boxes.在十九世纪中叶，作为需求音乐盒（通常称为音乐盒或箱）增长，额外的决策者命名为广管局治，梅尔莫freres ，查尔斯paillard ， paillard vaucher费尔-p vf， l angdorff的L 'e pee，海勒，乔治贝克，黄秉槐特罗尔，贝克- Troll公司，和许多人一样，从鼻烟盒，必要性，和鸟类盒mandoline ，崇高harmonie ，可互换的缸缸及乐团音乐盒。 The cylinder music box industry flourished until the late 1880s when a new invention was developed for the market, the interchangeable disc music box.气缸音乐盒业的蓬勃发展，直到19世纪80年代后期，当一个新发明，开发为市场，可互换的光碟音乐盒。 The first maker of disc music box to go into mass production was Symphonion of Leipzig, Germany.第一制造光碟音乐盒进入大规模生产是symphonion的德国莱比锡。 The new industry quickly grew to include Polyphon, Kalliope, Adler, Fortuna, Sireon, Libellion, Stella, Mira, Lochmann, New Century, Britannia, and others with production based in Germany and Switzerland.新产业迅速成长为包括polyphon ， kalliope ，阿德勒，弗， sireon ， libellion ，靳丽娟，米拉，洛赫曼，新的世纪，不列颠，以及其他与生产，总部设在德国和瑞士。 In 1892 Polyphon recognized the huge market potential in America and sent a team of employees to establish the Regina Music Box Company, in Rahway, NJ.在1892 polyphon认识到巨大的市场潜力在美国和派出一组雇员建立里贾纳音乐盒公司，在rahway ，新泽西州。 Regina was soon joined by competitors Capitol cuff, Criterion, Olympia, Euphonia, Crown, Sterling, Imperial Symphonion, Mira, Empress, Perfection, Monarch, Triumph, and other makes of disc music boxes in America.里贾纳是尽快加入由竞争对手国会袖套，标准，奥林匹亚， euphonia ，皇冠，英镑，帝国symphonion ，米拉，皇后，完善，君主，凯旋，和其他使光碟音乐盒在美国。 The industry grew rapidly in Europe and America as the new disc music box invention allowed the owner to purchase new music for his disc music box as new music was arranged and produced by the music box maker.工业快速增长，在欧洲和美洲作为新的光碟音乐盒的发明，让业主购买新的音乐为他的光盘音乐盒作为新的音乐被安排和所产生的音乐盒制造商。 This boom in the disc music box industry lasted only until the turn of the 20th century.这次繁荣，在光碟音乐盒业只持续，直到一个世纪之交。 New inventions such as the phonograph, player piano, nickelodeon, and orchestrion came into the market and quickly became the dominant instruments in the home entertainment and coin-operated musical entertainment industry.新发明如phonograph ，播放钢琴，尼克罗迪恩， orchestrion来进入市场，并迅速成为占主导地位的文书，在家庭娱乐和投币式音乐娱乐行业。 Regina tried to compete with the addition of a line of Reginaphone (combination music box and 78 RPM phonograph) models to their product offering.里贾纳试图竞争，加上一条线的reginaphone （组合，音乐盒和78 rpm的phonograph ）模式，以他们的产品。 Regina was not successful in their competition with phonograph makers Edison, Victor, Columbia, Pathe, Zonophone and many other makers of modern music machines.里贾纳并不成功，在他们的竞争与phonograph决策者爱迪生，胜利者，哥伦比亚， pathe ， zonophone和许多其他制造商现代音乐的机器。 Most of the disc and cylinder music box makers went out of business by 1910.大部分的光盘和瓶装音乐盒制造商走出去的业务由1910年。 A few survived past 1920 by diversifying production to include vacuum cleaners (Regina), cameras and typewriters (Paillard), and some made the transition to phonographs (Mira Miraphone and Polyphon).少数幸存下来，过去20年所生产多样化，包括真空吸尘器（里贾纳） ，照相机和打字机（ paillard ） ，并取得了一些过渡到phonographs （米拉miraphone和polyphon ） 。 Today’s music box industry is dominated by Sankyo of Japan.今天的音乐盒业为主导的三共，日本。 Their product line primarily consists of novelty music box movements for use in toys, jewelry boxes, figurines and man other applications.他们的产品线的主要组成新颖音乐盒运动使用在玩具，首饰盒，俑和人为其他应用程式。 Reuge, SA in Ste. reuge ， SA公司专题访问。 Croix, Switzerland, is the last of the Swiss makers who currently produce a full line of product from novelty items to large old style cartel music boxes.克罗伊，瑞士，是去年的瑞士制造商目前生产全系列的产品从新颖的项目，以大旧式的卡特尔音乐盒。 历史的音乐盒 Traditional music boxes gained popularity in the 18th Century with the French court of Louis XIV. 传统的音乐盒流行在18世纪与法国法院的路易十四。 A long and established tradition, music boxes were well known in Europe and America. 一个长期和一贯传统，音乐盒众所周知，在欧洲和美洲。 In the 19th Century, the invention of the original cylinder music boxes occurred which consisted of a brass cylinder and numerous steel pins that plucked a tuned steel music comb as the cylinder rotated with the aid of a clockwork motor. 在19世纪，发明了原来的缸音乐盒发生，其中一个黄铜缸和无数钢引脚，弹拨一调谐钢梳音乐作为气缸旋转与援助的一个发条马达。 Cylinders ranged in length from about two inches to nearly two feet, and up to five inches diameter. 气瓶不等，长度从约两英寸到近2英尺，和高达5英寸直径。 Cylinder music boxes, while musically fabulous, had the major drawback of being only able to perform the tunes that had been "pinned" to the cylinder originally. 气缸音乐盒，而对音乐丰富，有重大的缺点，只能够履行曲调，已经“钉” ，以气缸原本。 The repetition of the same music became tiresome whereby these boxes would be quickly retired. 重复同样的音乐，成为劳累，让这些箱子将很快退休。 光碟机 By 1886, a new music box style appeared in Germany called the disc playing music box. 由1886年，一个新的音乐盒的作风出现在德国所谓的光盘播放音乐方块。 The new disk-playing machine allowed music box owners to change disks with ease. 新磁盘上扮演的机器，让音乐盒业主改变磁盘与安心。 The disks were mass produced inexpensively using metal and by 1890, disk manufacturers were dedicated to the production of disks for the new machines including those produced by one of the most impressive firms in American music box manufacturing, the Regina Company of Rahway, NJ. 磁盘被大量生产廉价使用金属和1890年，磁盘制造商专门生产磁盘，为新机器包括那些所产生的其中一个最令人印象深刻的公司在美国的音乐盒制造，里贾纳公司rahway ，新泽西州。 里贾纳音乐盒 In 1894, the Regina Company was founded. 1894年，里贾纳公司成立。 The cylinders on most Regina and other high-end name brand boxes may have as many as 10,000 pins on a 13 inches long comb. 气瓶上最里贾纳和其他高完名牌方块可能有多达一万插针， 13英寸长梳子。 The tuned music combs have teeth that must be tuned after a piece has been moved or relocated to a particular location. 调谐音乐梳子有牙齿，必须调整后，一块已被移动或迁移到某一地点。 The Regina Music box's rich sound remains unsurpassed in America and elsewhere as the mechanism for the instrument differs from others of the period. 该里贾纳音乐盒丰富的声音仍然是无与伦比的在美国和其他地方作为的机制，为文书不同于其他的时期。 The interchangeable music disks made by Regina would fit all of their boxes of the same size. 该可互换的音乐磁盘所作的里贾纳会适合他们所有的箱大小相同。 These interchangeable disks or tune sheets as they were called at the time of their introduction in the late 19th Century are typically white in color or silver in color with a printed Regina logo and other graphic designs. 这些可互换的磁盘或调整资产负债表，他们被称为在的时候，他们的介绍，在19世纪后期通常是白色，彩色或银的颜色与印刷里贾纳标识及其他图形设计。 The Regina tune sheets are steel discs with the printed song title and logo directly on the disk. 该里贾纳调表钢光碟与印刷歌曲名称和标志，直接在磁盘上。 The metal projections below the tune sheet hit a star wheel similar to a clock gear as the disk passes by. 金属的预测低于调整资产负债表创星轮类似一个时钟的齿轮作为磁盘通行证。 The star wheel rotates as it plucks the teeth of the music combs to produce music. 该星轮旋转，因为它plucks的牙齿音乐梳子，以制作音乐。 单人或双人梳子 On most Regina music boxes, one (single) or two (double) combs are mounted under one radius of the tune sheet, and thus move across about half the case width. 对大多数里贾纳音乐盒， 1 （单人）或2 （双人）梳装下一个半径调表，从而跨越，约有一半的情况宽度。 The comb and wheel mechanism are mounted to a steel plate that runs across the full width or half the width of the case. 精梳机和车轮机制，是安装在钢板上运行的整个全宽或一半的宽度，此案。 The plate is bolted to the wooden cabinet which thus acts as a sounding board and produces the volume for the music. 板螺栓，以木内阁，因此作为一个冠冕堂皇的董事会和生产量的音乐。 The popularity of these boxes spanned from about 1890 to 1915 by Regina. 受欢迎的这些箱子跨距从约1890年至1915年由里贾纳。 As the gramophone replaced these state of the art music boxes, the Regina firm produced a combination music box and phonograph from 1915 to 1920, but never experienced the success of its famed music boxes. 作为留声机取代这些国家的艺术，音乐盒，里贾纳公司制作了一套组合，音乐盒和phonograph从1915年至1920年，但从来没有经历的成功，其著名的音乐盒。