晴朗的海01
高中英语词组固定搭配一、接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的24个常用动词afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事arrange to do sth.安排做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事beg to do sth. 请求做某事care to do sth. 想要做某事choose to do sth. 决定做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事determine to do sth. 决心做某事expect to do sth. 期待做某事fear to do sth. 害怕做某事help to do sth. 帮助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事prepare to do sth. 准备做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事promise to do sth. 答应做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词：aim to do sth. 打算做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事long to do sth. 渴望做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事注：不要受汉语意思的影响而误用以下动词句型：汉语说：“害怕某人做某事”，但英语不说fear sb. to do sth.。汉语说：“原谅某人做某事”，但英语不说excuse [forgive] sb. to do sth.。汉语说：“拒绝某人做某事”，但英语不说refuse sb. to do sth.。汉语说：“惩罚某人做某事”，但英语不说punish sb. to do sth.。汉语说：“建议某人做某事”，但英语不说suggest [propose] sb. to do sth.。汉语说：“赞成某人做某事”，但英语不说approve sb. to do sth.。汉语说：“通知某人做某事”，但英语不说inform sb. to do sth.。汉语说：“欢迎某人做某事”，但英语不说welcome sb. to do sth.。汉语说：“坚持某人做某事”，但英语不说insist [persist] sb. to do sth.。汉语说：“希望某人做某事”，但英语不说hope sb. to do sth.。汉语说：“安排某人做某事”，但英语不说arrange sb. to do sth.。汉语说：“要求某人做某事”，但英语不说demand sb. to do sth.。汉语说：“感谢某人做某事”，但英语不说thank sb. to do sth.。汉语说：“祝贺某人做某事”，但英语不说congratulate sb. to do sth.。汉语说：“阻止某人做某事”，但英语不说prevent sb. to do sth.。要表示以上意思，可换用其他表达：汉语的“原谅某人做某事”，英语可说成excuse [forgive] sb. for doing sth.。汉语的“希望某人做某事”，英语可说成wish sb. to do sth.。汉语的“建议某人做某事”，英语可说成advise sb. to do sth.。汉语的“安排某人做某事”，英语可说成arrange for sb. to do sth.。汉语的“要求某人做某事”，英语可说成demand of sb. to do sth.。汉语的“感谢某人做某事”，英语可说成thank sb. for doing sth.。汉语的“祝贺某人做某事”，英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing sth.。汉语的“阻止某人做某事”，英语可说成prevent sb. from doing sth.。三、接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的34个常用动词admit doing sth. 承认做某事 advise doing sth. 建议做某事allow doing sth. 允许做某事 appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事delay doing sth. 推迟做某事 deny doing sth. 否认做某事discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事 escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事 fancy doing sth. 设想做某事finish doing sth. 完成做某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 keep doing sth. 保持做某事mention doing sth. 提及做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事miss doing sth. 错过做某事 pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事permit doing sth. 允许做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事 prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事put off doing sth. 推迟做某事 report doing sth. 报告做某事risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 understand doing sth. 理解做某事四、接现在分词作宾补的20个常用动词bring sb. doing sth.引起某人做某事 catch sb. doing sth. 碰上（撞上）某人做某事discover sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事 feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人做某事find sb. doing sth. 碰上（撞上）某人做某事 get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人做某事keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事 listen to sb. doing sth. 听某人做某事look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事 notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人做某事observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人做某事 prevent sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事 send sb. doing sth.使某人（突然）做某事set sb. doing sth. 使（引起）某人做某事 start sb. doing sth. 使某人开始做某事stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 watch sb. doing sth. 观五、接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做某事 have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事 look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事察某人做某事六、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恨做某事prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 开始做某事start to do sth / start doing sth. 开始做某事continue to do sth / continue doing sth. 继续做某事can’t bear to do sth / can’t bear doing sth. 不能忍受做某事bother to do sth / bother doing sth. 麻烦做某事intend to do sth / intend doing sth.想要做某事attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth. 试图做某事cease to do sth / cease doing sth. 停止做某事七、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词(1) remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事(2) forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记曾做过某事(3) regret to do sth. 后悔（遗憾）要做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔（遗憾）曾做过某事(4) try to do sth. 设法要做某事 try doing sth. 做某事试试看有何效果(5) mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事(6) can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事(7) go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事 go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事注：stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.也不同，前者指停下来去做某事，后者指停止正在做的事，但stop to do sth. 中的不定式不是宾语，是目的状语。八、可接双宾语的38个常用动词(1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词 award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信(2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌）spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物注：有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，既可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义相同，如bring，play等：Bring me today’s paper. = Bring today’s paper to [for] me. 把今天的报纸拿给我。He played us the record he had just bought. = He played the record he had just bought for [to] us. 他放了他刚买的唱片给我们听。有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，即可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义不同，如leave等：They left me no food. = They left no food for me. 他们没给我留一点食物。My uncle left me a large fortune. = My uncle left a large fortune to me. 我叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给我。而有的动词后接双宾语时，既不能用介词to引出间接宾语，也不能用介词for引出间接宾语，如allow, ask, cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse等：He allows his son too much money. 他给他儿子的钱太多。He asked me some questions. 他问了我一些问题。This caused me much trouble. 着给我带来了许多麻烦。He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea. 他一杯茶向我要了5美元。His mistake cost him his job. 他的错误让他丢了工作。I envy you your good luck. 我羡慕你的好运。They forgave him his rudeness. 他们原谅了他的鲁莽。He refused her nothing. 她要什么就给什么。九、可用于“动词+sb+of sth”的8个常见动词accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某事（罪），指责某人做某事cheat sb. fo sth. 骗取某人某物cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病，改掉某人的坏习惯inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某情况（事）remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某情况（事）rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某东西warn sb. of sth. 警告某人有某情况十、可用于“动词+sb+for doing sth”的8个常见动词blame sb. for doing sth. 指责某人做某事criticize sb. for doing sth. 批评某人做某事forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事excuse sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事pardon sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事punish sb. for doing sth. 惩罚某人做某事scold sb. for doing sth. 指责（责备）某人做某事thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事十一、可用于“动词+sb+into doing sth”的9个常见动词cheat sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事 trick sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事food sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事 force sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 talk sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事terrify sb. into doing sth. 威胁某人做某事 frighten sb. into doing sth. 吓唬某人做某事persuade sb. into doing
好奇怪的样子哦
（能）让我摆脱你Let me get rid of you. get rid of sb/sth - 摆脱某人/物 您好，原文翻译如上供参考，不明白可继续提问。若回答对您有所帮助，请点击本页面中的“选为满意回答”按钮。
kellycai4141
高考英语动词及动词短语一、短语动词的构成 英语中的动词,按其构成,可分为单词动词(single-word verb)和短语动词(phrasal verb).短语动词指由两个或两个以上单词构成的动词.这种动词主要有三种组合形式: 1.动词 + 介词 I agree with (与……看法一致)you on that point. Before long he took to (爱上)a girl student in his class. 2.动词 + 副词 I can't figure out (理解)why he said that. Uncle Tom passed away (去世)many years ago. 3.动词 + 副词+ 介词 We don't go in for (喜欢)that kind of thing. I couldn't put up with (忍受)the noise any longer. 在"动词+副词+介词"的组合中,短语动词只能看作是一个动词,绝对不能拆开. 另外,还需要注意的是,以上三类短语动词都是一些固定搭配,这些短语动词与某些非固定搭配是有区别的,试比较: (1) The lights went out. (2) He put on his coat and went out. 例(1)中的went out(熄灭)是由"动词+副词"构成的短语动词.例(2)中的went out(出去)不是短语动词,went 是动词,out是副词,作状语.一般说，动词兼有及物和不及物用法时，会有两种情况：一是其应用语境和词义会有不同；二是在同一个释义下，可及物又可不及物。这种情况下，它们的区别在于，使用不及物时，强调主语的特征、性质。简单理解就是，可触及之物，和不可触及之物。能触摸到的是实物，不可触摸的是虚幻的，抽象的概念。give”，I will give…，give的是什么呢，这不完整，说明give是助动词，必须加宾语，可以说I will give you a book.这个give就是及物动词。接下来再举一例，“listen”，I am listening，意思完整，不用加宾语意思就完整，这个词就是不及物动词，不是说不及物动词就不能加宾语，也能加，但是加的时候要加一个介词，如listen to me，一定要加介词。 例如：The children are listening to the music. （listen是不及物动词) we study English everyday.(study是及物动词)二、及物与不及物短语动词 由动词和副词构成的短语动词有的起及物动词的作用,有的起不及物动词的作用.短语动词是及物的还是不及物的主要取决于短语动词的意思.因为,一个短语动词可能具有两个或几个不同的意思,用作某个或某几个意思时可能是及物的,用作别的意思时又可能是不及物的.例如: He took off his coat when he entered the house and put it on again when he went out. (take off 是及物短语动词) There is often a spectators' balcony at airports, where people can watch the planes taking off and landing. (take off是不及物短语动词) 及物动词必须加宾语意思才完整的动词。 不及物动词，就是不必加宾语意思就完整的动词。 The 16th National Book Fair held in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.（错误） 在表示“举办活动等”时，hold是一个及物动词，要求带宾语；如果不使用宾语，则直接使用其被动语态，可以写成： The 16th National Book Fair was held in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.（正确）及物不及物的区别:根据动词其后是否带有宾语，分为及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况：a．主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须直接接宾语。可以用于："主＋谓＋宾"；"主＋谓＋双宾"；"主＋谓＋宾＋宾补"结构。如：He reached Paris the day before yesterday.Please hand me the book over there.They asked me to go fishing with them.类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....b．主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不能直接接宾语，动词后要加一个介词。只能用与："主＋谓"结构。This is the room where I once lived.类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....c．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....d．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高；举起"。He lifted his glass and drank.类似的还有：beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅 ring vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说（语言） hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作 三、及物短语动词宾语的位置 1. 名词宾语通常位于这种短语动词之末.例如: I am looking for my glasses. 2. 个别短语动词,其名词宾语必须放在动词和副词之间,不能放在短语动词之后.例如: I am going to see the guests off at the airport this afternoon. 3. 对有些短语动词来说,名词宾语既可放在整个短语动词后面,也可放在动词和介词或副词之间.例如: We'll have to put off the party. 或者We'll have to put the party off. 4. 代词宾语有时位于短语动词的词尾.例如: I am looking into it. 5. 代词宾语更常紧跟在动词之后,代词宾语的这个位置常见于下列介词或副词之前:away, down, in, off, out, up. 四、及物短语动词后接动词宾语的问题 1. 及物短语动词后接动词宾语时,要用该动词的动名词形式.例如: He insisted on buying this car. 2. 有些短语动词后面可接不定式.例如: Most of the members called on the mayor to resign. 3.有的短语动词既可接动名词又可接不定式,但意思差别很大,go on doing 和go on to do就是典型的例子.3. 动词兼有及物和不及物用法时，注意使用上的区别 例如： a. My English has improved a lot. b. My English has been improved a lot. 同样都说“我的英语有了很大提高。”a只描述了事实，并不含有是怎样提高的；而b则会隐含是怎样经过努力提高的。例如： My English has been improved a lot (with the help of a foreign teacher). 回到本文这个作文题目，表达“书市开幕”，使用动词open，就有可能用到其及物和不及物用法，如： The 16th National Book Fair opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008. 这里“open”为不及物动词； The 16th National Book Fair was opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008. 这里“open”为及物动词。 英语里的动词，大部分都是兼有及物和不及物用法，在使用中要特别加以注意。 4. 动词兼有其他词性时，在使用上要注意不要引起歧义 有很多动词还具有其他词性，例如： like可以是动词，还可以是介词。例如： I like playing football very much. （like为及物动词） I don’t feel like playing football right now.（like为介词） open可以是动词，还可以是形容词。例如： The 16th National Book Fair opened in Tianjin on May 18th, 2008.（open为动词） The 16th National Book Fair was open in Tianjin from May 18th, 2008. （open为形容词） 需要注意的是，在使用动词open时，更强调动作，所以对应开幕当天；而要使用形容词open时，更强调状态，所以对应开幕时间段，句子中的介词使用了“from…（to）…” 动词兼有其他词性时，在使用上既要注意不同词性对应出的不同语境，还要注意，由于词性不同，可能词义也不同，不要由于误用引起歧义，闹出笑话。[解题过程] 1、及物动词后面必须接宾语的动词叫做及物动词。有的动词必须接一个宾语，有的必须接两个宾语。 单宾语 He is sreading amagazine. 他正在读一本杂志。 双宾语 MrZhang teaches us English. 张老师教我们英语。 复合宾语必须接一个宾语同时接一个补语 We often hear him sing in the park. 我们经常听到他在公园里唱歌。 2、不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不需要接宾语。 例如： The rain stopped. 雨停了。 What happened yesterday? 昨天发生了什么？ 注意：不及物动词没有被动语态。 3、实际上很多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。我举一个例子，就说write。如I am writing.和I am writing aletter.在前一个句子write是不及物动词，在后一个句子write是及物动词。 又如，see是及物动词，但在特殊情况下如seeing is believing。及物动词有被动形式（因为被动形式的本质就是把宾语作为主语，所以能加宾语才可能会有被动式）。与之相对，不及物动词不能直接跟宾语，如果要跟宾语必须在病愈之前加上介词。因此，不及物动词没有被动形式。举个例子：give给，要说give sb sth sb sth.都是give 的宾语，因此give在这里是及物动词rise升起The sun rises.后面不加宾语的，所以rise是不及物动词raise提升She raised the gun.她举起枪。枪是宾语，使举的对象，所以raise在这里是及物动词。另外有一点，英语中有不少单词既可以做及物动词也可以作不及物动词的。比如sing等，既可以说sing a song,也可以直接说sb sing一、过去分词用在被动语态时1、把握的关键（1）有些动词既是及物(vt.)又是不及物(vi.)，但表达形式不同其含义也就不同。（2）只有用作及物动词的过去分词才可以构成被动语态。（3）用作不及物动词(vi.)的过去分词不适用于被动语态，通常只能用主动形式表被动的含义，说明主语的性质、状态、特征等。常见的有下列动词：sell, wash , write, read, tear, wear, open, close, shut, lock, begin, start, stop, last, translate, , belong to, iron, smoke, eat, smell, taste, look, fell, sound, appear, turn out, prove, 等。2、示例a. This shirt has to be washed (vt.)and ironed (vt.) every day. But luckily it washes (vi.) well and irons (vi.) easily. 这件衬衫每天都得洗熨，但幸运的是它好洗易熨。 b. The breakfast this morning wan cooked (vt.) enough but eaten (vt.) only a little because it didn’t cooked (vi.) very well and not eaten (vi.) deliciously. 今天的早饭做得多但吃得少是因为做得不好，吃起来不香。c. The story was written (vt.) by Tom .It writes well and reads easily.(vi.) 这个故事是汤姆写的。故事写得好，容易读懂。二、过去分词用作非谓语动词时 （一）先用表格呈现总轮廓 过去分词 vt. vi. 说 明 一般式 1.表被动 2.动作已经完成 1.表主动 2.动作已经完成 只有一种时态和语态形式 否定形式 not + 过去分词 要否定分词所表示的动作，在其前加not 过去分词 短语 过去分词+宾语或状语 过去分词可以和自己的宾语或状语构成分词短语 独立主格 结构 名词/人称代词主格 + 过去分词 只用作状语，即：过去分词作状语时，如果其逻辑主语和句子的主语不相一致，就要在前加名词或人称代词主格 句法功能 作定语、宾语补足语、表语、状语 过去分词用作非谓语动词，其作用相当于形容词或副词 （二）根据句法作用理清用法1、作定语 1) 把握的关键： a. 单个的过去分词作前置定语（个别几个过去分词习惯上后置）。 b. 过去分词短语作后置定语。 c. 及物动词的过去分词和逻辑主语（即它所修饰的名词）之间是被动关系，强调动作已完成，可以扩展为一个谓语动词是被动语态的定语从句。 d. 不及物动词的过去分词和逻辑主语之间是主动关系（即：只说明逻辑主语所处的状态、特点、特征等），强调动作已完成，可以扩展为一个谓语动词是主动语态的定语从句。2) 示例a. a repaired car (vt. /前置，动作已完成)= a car which has been repaired 一辆修好了的车子 b. a question discussed yesterday (vt. /后置，动作已完成) = a question which was discussed yesterday 一个昨天讨论过的问题c. the risen sun (vi. /前置，动作已完成) = the sun which has risen 升起的太阳d. the fallen leaves on the ground (vi. /后置，动作已完成) = the leaves which have fallen on the ground 落在地面上的树叶3) 还应注意：某些过去分词脱离了动词特征当作形容词使用作定语时，表示人的心里状态、情感变化等，即：人对事物所产生的心理反应或看法，“人感到……” 。例如：a. the excited boys 这些激动的孩子（= the boys who feel excited 即：孩子们感到激动）b. the surprised look on her face 她脸上吃惊的表情（= people feel surprised when seeing the look on her face 即：人看了感到吃惊的表情）c. an interested man 一个有趣之人（= people think that the man is interesting 即：人们觉得此人很有趣。）2、做宾语补足语1) 把握的关键a. 过去分词作宾语补足语时，其逻辑主语就是它的宾语。b. 及物动词的过去分词和逻辑主语之间是被动关系，动作已完成。c. 不及物动词只有gone, come, arrived, risen, fallen, left等少数几个动词可以用来作宾语补足语, 并且和逻辑主语之间是主动关系，动作已完成。 2) 示例a. I heard him hit by his father yesterday. （vt./被动）我听说他昨天挨父亲的打了。 b. He had his car repaired. (vt. /被动) 他把车子修好了。c. She fell asleep, without the light turned off. (vt. /被动)她没关灯就睡着了。d. When I got to the station, I found the train gone/left. （vi./主动） 到车站时，我发现火车已开走。3、作表语1) 把握的关键a. 只限于单个过去分词作表语（过去分词短语不作表语）。b. 只有 come, gone, left 等少数几个不及物动词的过去分词可以用来作表语。c. 能用作表语的过去分词已脱离了动词的特征，只当作形容词使用，说明主语的状态，即人对事物的看法以及心理反应等。2) 示例a. The glass is broken. 这个杯子破了。b. He is very excited at the news. 听到这个消息他很激动。c. Hearing the bad news, she felt very disappointed. 听到这个坏消息，她很失望。d. Spring is come, and the weather is getting warmer. 春天来了，天气也暖和了起来。e. My hope is gone. 我的希望破灭了。4、作状语1) 把握的关键a. 过去分词（短语）作状语时，和逻辑主语（句子的主语）之间存在被动关系，所表示的动作在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生或完成。b. 用作状语的过去分词（短语）的逻辑主语要和句子的主语相一致（即：同一个人或物），否则，就要用独立主格结构，或相应的状语从句表达。2) 示例a. Not written interestingly, the book doesn’t sell well.这本书写得没意思，因而销售不畅。（作原因状语。written 的逻辑主语是the story, 存在逻辑上的被动关系；动作在sell之前完成。） 又如：b. Repaired, the car runs very well. （作时间状语）车子修过之后，运行很正常。c. He came into the room, followed by his students. (作伴随状语) 他走进了教室，学生跟随其后。d. Given more time, I can do it better. (作条件状语)如果多给些的时间，我会把此事做得更好一些。e. Warned many times, he didn’t pay enough attention to it. (作让步状语)提醒过他好多次，可他就是对此没有引起足够的注意。f. The work finished, we sat down and had a rest. 工作干完了之后，我们坐下来休息了一会。 （独立主格结构作时间状语。finished的逻辑主语是the work） 再如：g. The thief sat on the ground, his hands tied behind his back. (独立主格结构作伴随/方式状语) 小偷坐在地上，手被绑在背后。h. All considered, you can start the work. (独立主格结构作条件状语)如一切都考虑周全的话，你可以开始这项工作了。3) 还应注意：a. 作状语的过去分词（短语）只为句子的一个成份。因此，和句子的中间不能插入任何并列连词，比如and ,but ,so 等。例如：Told many times, but he didn’t do it well. ( but 使用错误)b. 过去分词（短语）作状语时，还可以在前面加上相应的连词，如：when, while, as, after, before, till, until, if, unless, although, though, even if，even though, once等（但是独立主格结构前再不能加这类连词）；或改写成相应的状语从句（除伴随状语外）。例如：i.（ If ）permitted, we can leave right now. (= If we are permitted, we can leave right now.) 如果许可，我们现在就走。ii.（ When ）heated, ice will be changed into water. (= When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. 冰加热时，就会变成水。iii. (Once) seen, it can never be forgotten. (= Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten. 这东西一旦看到一次，就永远也忘不了。iv. (Although) written for the teachers, the book is also useful to the students. (= Although it is written for the teacher, the book is also useful to the students. 尽管这本书是为老师写的，对学生也有用。
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