冷夜寒池
Introduction to U.S.A. The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait, and the state of Hawaii is in the mid-Pacific. The United States also possesses several territories, or insular areas, scattered around the Caribbean and Pacific.At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with over 300 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by land area and by population. The United States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the largest national economy in the world, with a nominal 2006 gross domestic product (GDP) of more than US$13 trillion (over 19% of the world total based on purchasing power parity).The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. Proclaiming themselves "states," they issued the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence.A federal convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments, was ratified in 1791.In the nineteenth century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, Great Britain, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over states' rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of slavery in the United States. The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the nation's status as a military power. In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO. The United States entered the post–Cold War era as the only remaining superpower and a dominant economic, political, and cultural force in the world. 美国简介 美利坚合众国（英语：United States of America，USA），简称美国，旧称花旗国，是位于北美洲的联邦共和制国家，也是世界上最为悠久的共和立宪制国家。美国本土东濒大西洋，西临太平洋，北靠加拿大，南接墨西哥及墨西哥湾。首都为华盛顿哥伦比亚特区。美国源自于1776年脱离英国统治的北美殖民地，13州的殖民地代表一同发表了《美国独立宣言》，在经历艰苦的独立战争后，于1783年与英国签订了巴黎协约，从此受到世界各国的承认。 经过两百多年的发展，美国国土不断拓展，37个州陆续加入联邦旗下。目前有50个州，1个联邦直辖特区，以及若干海外领地。国土面积超过962万平方公里，国土面积位居世界第三或第四名。美国人口约3亿人，其数量亦为世界第三。美国国旗上的50颗白色星星代表50个州；每当新州加入联邦，次年的7月4日国旗将增加一颗星。国旗上红色及白色横条各7及6条，共13条，纪念最初的13个州。 建国200多年以来，美国曾经历过南北战争（1861—65年）和经济大恐慌（1930年代）两次严酷考验[NextPage]，仍坚守自由民主制政治制度，成为宪法民主和公民自由的代表性国家。美国庞大的经济、文化、科技、和军事影响力贯穿了整个20世纪。在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战中，美国和同盟国一同获得胜利，并经历数十年的冷战后终于拖垮苏联，成为世界上唯一的超级大国。当今美国在全世界的经济、政治、军事等众多领域的庞大影响力都是无他国能比的.——转自〈维基百科全书〉最好自己读得书够多，否则，根本就没办法说出什么是美国。毕竟超级大国实力非常强大，体制非常完善，有些东西是我们一辈子都难以想见的，但是在美国却可以。
小洲洲大肚皮
英国：I.Land and People 国土与人民Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。(3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫(4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。5.The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991.英联邦是曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独立国家所构成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征1.Geographical position of Britain:英国的地理位置：Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands.英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).本尼维斯山为英国最高峰，海拔1,343米。Severn River is the longest river in Britain (338km).塞文河是英国最长的河流。全长338公里。Thames River is the second longest and most important river in Britain. (336km).泰晤士河是英国第二大河，也是英国最重要的河。全长336公里。Lough Neagh is the largest lake in Britain which is located in Northern Ireland. (396 square kilometres).讷湖（内伊湖）是英国最大的湖，位于北爱尔兰。面积为396平方公里。River Clyde is the most important river in Scotland.克莱德河是苏格兰最重要的河流。Snowdonia is the highest mountain in Wales.（1,085m）斯诺多尼亚是威尔士的最高点，海拔1,085米。IV. Climate 气候1. Britain's favorable climate 英国有利的气候条件：Britain has a maritime climate-winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range.英国属于海洋性气候：冬季不过于寒冷，夏季不过于炎热。全年有稳定可靠的降雨量，气温变化幅度小。2.The factors influence the climate in Britain:影响英国气候的因素：1）The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer;环绕四周的海水。冬天，海水可使岛内气温升高，夏天则使气温降低，从而起到平衡季节温差的作用；2）The prevailing south-west winds or the Westerlies blow over the country all the year round bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate;一年四季盛行的西南风和西风在冬季从大西洋带来温暖、潮湿的空气，使气温适宜；3）The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.北大西洋暖流经不列颠群岛西海岸，使气候变暖。3.Rainfall 降雨量：Britain has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The average annual rainfall in Britain is over 1,000mm. There is a water surplus in the north and west, and a water deficit in the south and east.英国全年降雨量稳定，平均降雨量超过1000毫米。 英国北部、西部雨量过多，但是南部、东部有所缺乏。V. The People 人口1.population distribution 人口分布：Britain has a population of about 57 millions and it is very unevenly distributed. 90% of the population is urban and only 10% is rural. The population of Britain is made up mainly of the English (81.5%), the Scottish (9.6%), the Welsh (1.9%), the Irish (2.4%), the Northern Irish (1.8%) and other peoples (2.8%).英国人口约570万，分布极不均匀，90%是城市人口，只有10%是农村人口。英国人口组成为：英格兰人（81.5%），苏格兰人（9.6%），威尔士人（1.9%），爱尔兰人、北爱尔兰人和其他民族居民。2.The difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots, Welsh and Irish:英伦三岛民族的祖先：The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons, the Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts.英格兰人祖先属于盎格鲁—萨克逊人，而苏格兰、威尔士和爱尔兰人属于凯尔特人。3.The difference in character个性差别：The Welsh are emotional and cheerful people. They are music lovers and are proud of their past.威尔士人感情丰富，情绪高涨，热爱音乐，为过去感到自豪。The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious and thrifty people, and they are also hospitable, generous and friendly.苏格兰人通常被认为严肃、谨慎而且节俭，但是他们同样也热情、大方且友好。The Irish are charm and vivacity. 爱尔兰人充满魅力，生性活泼。4.The difference in speech between southern England and northern England:英格兰南方人和北方人语言上的差别：Southerners speak the type of English close to BBC English; In northern England, regional speech is usually "broader" than that of southern England.南方人讲的英语接近BBC，北英格兰人的发音通常要比南英格兰人宽。5.The Welsh keep their language and culture in this way: 威尔士人以这样的方式使他们的语言及文化保持活力。Throughout the year they have festivals of song and dance and poetry called Eisteddfodau. The great event of the year is the National Eisteddfod. On these occasions competitions are held in Welsh poetry, music, singing and art.一年中他们有称之为“艺术年会”的唱歌、跳舞、诗歌节。一年中最重要的节日是全国诗歌音乐比赛会。在那里会举行威尔士诗歌、音乐、唱歌和艺术比赛。6.The main problem in Northern Ireland: 北爱尔兰存在的主要问题：The fight between the Protestants who are the dominant group, and the Roman Catholics, who are seeking more social, political and economic opportunities.作为统治者的新教徒和要求更多社会、政治及经济权利的罗马天主教徒之间的斗争。7.Immigrants: 移民：About three million have come to Britain to live and find work since World War II.自从二战以来约有三百万人来英国生活、工作
王子恭贺
如下：
Britain is a colorful, international and multicultural country. Students from all over the world are welcome to study here and cherish their contributions.
英国是一个丰富多彩、充满国际和多元文化的国家，欢迎来自世界各地的学生来这里学习和珍惜他们的贡献。
Britain is a tolerant and democratic society, and different political views and beliefs are respected.
英国是一个宽容、民主的社会，不同的政治观点和信仰受到尊重。
In different cities, there are various activities to celebrate the world's major religious festivals and activities every year. For example, the city of Leicester in Stradivari in India is the most spectacular festival of light.
在不同的城市，每年都有各种各样的活动来庆祝世界主要宗教节日和活动。例如，在莱斯特市在斯特拉迪瓦里在印度部分是光的最壮观的节日。
Britain itself comes from Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, with different characteristics and personalities.
英国本身来自英国、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰，具有不同的特点和个性。
活力的维维
The Australia is a great English-speaking country which is located in Oceania, southeast of China. The Australia is a member of British Commonwealth of Nations therefore there is an UK flag-Union Jack in the left top of blue ensign, surrounded by five white stars. The capital city is Canberra while the biggest city is Sydney . There are some renowned special animals such as kangroos, coalas and platypus and this country is amazingly beautiful with sume famous beaches such as Bondi beach and Manly beach. The world-faomous Sydney Opera House and Harbour Bridge are located in Sydney.
petite妮妮崽
Brazil's situationBrazil, except in south and south-east Chile with all of South America countries outside of Ecuador, is a country in South America area. North of the guyanas, surinam, Guyana, venezuela and Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, west south of Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay, east coast Atlantic. Brazil in the history of the colony as Portugal for 300 years. The Brazilian Portuguese name for "annatto." semantic In the 16th century, the colonists on Brazil, found that there is a rare trees can be extracted from Europe, the red dyestuff, hence rare wood called this name after evolved into red. Brazilian national area 8,547,403 square kilometers, the total land area accounts for about 46% of south, next only to Russia and Canada, China and the United States, the world's fifth for power. Chinese people's home. The Brazilian geographic editor into the amazon throughout plains, Paraguay basin, Brazil, Guyana plateau and the plains of 1/3. Have the amazon, balanlar and San Francisco three rivers. Amazon 6751 kilometers across, Brazil, length, in northwestern valley area of 390 million square kilometers, BaLaNaHe department include BaLaNaHe and Paraguay river, through the rapids and the waterfall, southwest, have rich hydropower resources, San Francisco is 29 kilometers, the length of the northeast, through drought region is the main source of irrigation. The coastline of 74 much kilometers, territorial sea, width is twelve nautical miles eez 188 overseas.Among them, the amazon plain is the world's largest plain, the amazon river is the largest in the world. Sao Paulo is the largest city of southern hemisphere.In most areas of the tropical climate, parts of southern subtropical climate for. Amazon plain annual average temperature, 25-27 degrees south annual average temperature of 16-19.Brazil racial and cultural differences. Many residents of southern European descent, can be traced to the early 19th century from Italy, Germany, Poland, Spain, Portugal, Ukraine and countries such as immigration. But residents of the northeast and the northern part is the native, part of European or African ancestry. Southeast Brazil national most widely distributed region, this area is white (mainly is mainly seed and Italy, Portugal and Brazil) mixed seed in Africa and Asia and mixed Indian offspring.So, in the Brazilian Portuguese and Brazilian, who began to frequent African half-blood. Living in this area before the indians have the significant cultural features, such as black and white noise is Portuguese think is safe, and began to love and ray mill later caused a disaster, they began to attack and destroy of internal village. Since the SAO 1532 by VICENTE, Portuguese began to come to this place of the colonists identity. Because of the 18th century, the development of mining industry in Portuguese Kings states began here, and together they come from Africa and Angola and meters, the slave, they belong to the natives in Africa. From the first year of colonial rule, the proportion of black start great growth.In the 19th century, Asian and European immigrants began stimulated, the germans began in 1818 here in 1875, Italian, Spanish in 1880, at the beginning of the 20th century, Japanese, Syria and Lebanese began to have come here. Late 19th and early 20th century, in the south-east of the Brazilian immigration tide, Italy and Portugal people become the main component of immigrants, because that started emancipation movement, and then just xing of plantation industry is Brazil needs a large number of Labour.Brazilian Portuguese rule has to Portuguese is the official language. However, the Brazilian Portuguese by indians and African influences, and even some places, plants and animals in Africa is used, the name of tongues. Therefore, the Portuguese dictionary in Brazil is not very good, because the Portuguese in Brazil, and the home some time. The Brazilian is usually understand basic English, Spanish, but not too common. 巴西概况巴西位于南美洲东南部，同除智利和厄瓜多尔以外的所有南美洲国家接壤，是南美洲面积第一大的国家。北邻法属圭亚那、苏里南、圭亚那、委内瑞拉和哥伦比亚，西连秘鲁、玻利维亚，南接巴拉圭、阿根廷和乌拉圭，东濒大西洋。巴西在历史上作为葡萄牙的殖民地长达300年之久。其国名巴西，葡萄牙语意为“红木”。在16世纪，殖民者登上巴西时，发现这里有一种名贵的树木，从中可提取欧洲难得的红色染料，遂将此木称为“红木”后演变成国名。巴西全国面积8,547,403平方公里，国土面积约占南美洲总面积的46%，仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大、中国和美国，为世界第五大国。 中国大家的家。。。 巴西地理编辑本段全境地形分为亚马孙平原、巴拉圭盆地、巴西高原和圭亚那高原，其中亚马逊平原约占全国面积的1/3。有亚马逊、巴拉那和圣弗朗西斯科三大河系。亚马孙河全长6751公里，横贯巴西西北部，在巴流域面积达390万平方公里；巴拉那河系包括巴拉那河和巴拉圭河，流经西南部，多激流和瀑布，有丰富的水力资源；圣弗朗西斯科河系全长2900公里，流经干旱的东北部，是该地区主要的灌溉水源。海岸线长7400多公里，领海宽度为12海里，领海外专属经济区188海里。其中，亚马孙平原是世界上最大的平原，亚马孙河是世界上最大的河流。圣保罗是南半球最大的城市。大部分地区属热带气候，南部部分地区为亚热带气候。亚马逊平原年平均气温25～27度，南部地区年平均气温16～19度。 巴西种族和文化差异显著。南部居民多有欧洲血统，可溯源到19世纪初来自意大利、德国、波兰、西班牙、乌克兰和葡萄牙等国的移民。而北部和东北部的的居民部分是土著，部分具有欧洲或非洲血统。东南地区是巴西民族分布最广泛的地区，该地区主要有白人（主要是葡萄牙后裔和意大利后裔）混血人，非洲巴西混血以及亚洲和印第安人后代。这样在整个巴西，巴西人，葡萄牙人和非洲人开始频繁混血。以前居住在这个地区的印第安人拥有这个地区明显的文化特征，比如黑白杂色被葡萄牙人认为是平安，并且开始向爱磨雷族人，后来引起了一场灾难，他们开始袭击并摧毁对内部的村庄。 1532年，自从SAO VICENTE建立以后，葡萄牙人开始以殖民者的身份来到这块地方。由于18世纪采矿业的发展，葡萄牙的各州君王开始纷纷来到这里，和他们一起来的还有从非洲安哥拉和米纳来的奴隶，他们都属于非洲土著人。从第一年的殖民统治开始，黑人的比例就开始极大的增长。19世纪，亚洲和欧洲的移民化开始受到刺激，德国人开始在1818年来到这里，1875年，意大利人，1880年西班牙人，20世纪初，日本人，叙利亚人和黎巴嫩人开始相继来到这里。19世纪末20世纪初，在东南地区发生了巴西最巨大的移民潮流，意大利人和葡萄牙人成为这次移民中的主要组成部分，因为那个时候开始了奴隶解放运动，当时种植园以及刚刚兴奇的巴西工业都需要大量的劳动力。巴西曾受葡萄牙统治，以葡萄牙语为官方语言。然而，巴西的葡萄牙语深受印地安及非洲语言的影响，甚至有些地名、动植物名称，都是沿用非洲方言。所以，葡萄牙语字典在巴西不是很好用，因为葡萄牙语在巴西，已经和发源地有很大的差异。巴西人通常都听得懂基本的西班牙语，至于英文，就不太普遍了。
优质英语培训问答知识库
