VV爱吃007
In fact, U.S. Steel is more likely to be hurt in the long run by substitute products than by its immediate steel company rivals. U.S. Steel also must consider whether to make substitute materials or stick only to those applications in which steel offers superior performance. 事实上，由替代产品比其直接钢铁公司的竞争对手，美国钢铁长远来说是更容易被伤害。美国钢，也必须考虑是否作出替代材料或坚持只向那些提供更好的产品性能的应用。We can broaden the picture by distinguishing four levels of competition, based on degree of product substitutability: 我们可以基于对程度的产品的可替代性，扩大图片由区分四个层次的竞争： 1. Brand competition: A company sees its competitors as other companies that offer similar products and services to the same customers at similar prices. Volkswagen might see its major competitors as Toyota, Honda, and other manufacturers of mediumprice automobiles, rather than Mercedes or Hyundai. 品牌竞争：一个公司在相似价格想象它的竞争者是其它给予相似产品的公司和为同样的客户所作的服务.大众可能把它的主要竞争者视为丰田、本田和其他同类定价汽车其他制造者，而不是奔驰或现代。2. Industry competition: A company sees its competitors as all companies that make the same product or class of products. Thus, Volkswagen would be competing against all other car manufacturers. 同业竞争：公司视其同一产品或一类产品的所有公司为竞争对手，因此，大众汽车公司将竞争所有其他汽车制造商。3. Form competition: A company sees its competitors as all companies that manufacture products that supply the same service. Volkswagen would see itself competing against manufacturers of all vehicles, such as motorcycles, bicycles, and trucks. 形式的竞争：公司预计其竞争对手的所有公司的产品供应相同的服务。大众会预见它本身竞争所有车辆，如摩托车，自行车和卡车的制造商。4. Generic competition: A company sees its competitors as all companies that compete for the same consumer dollars. Volkswagen would see itself competing with companies that sell major consumer durables, foreign vacations, and new homes. 通用的竞争：公司预计其竞争对手所有的公司的消费者花费竞争。大众会与销售的主要耐用消费品的消费，国外度假，新的房子的公司竞争。Marketing Environment 销售环境Competition represents only one force in the environment in which all marketers operate. The overall marketing environment consists of the task environment and the broad environment. 竞争只代表一种力量，使所有的营销运作。任务环境和广泛环境构成了整体市场营销环境。The task environment includes the immediate actors involved in producing, distributing, and promoting the offering, including the company, suppliers, distributors, dealers, and the target customers.任务环境，其中包括立即开始行动者参与制作，分销， 和促进提供，其中包括该公司，供应商，分销商， 交易商和目标客户。 Material suppliers and service suppliers such as marketing research agencies, advertising agencies, Web site designers, banking and insurance companies, and transportation and telecommunications companies are included in the supplier group.材料供应商及服务供应商，如市场营销研究机构，广告代理商，网站设计师，银行业和保险业公司，以及运输和电讯公司都被包括在该供应商组。Agents, brokers, manufacturer representatives, and others who facilitate finding and selling to customers are included with distributors and dealers. 代理人，经纪人，制造商代表，和其他协助寻找、并销售给顾客的，也都被发行商和销售商包括进去。The broad environment consists of six components: demographic environment, economic environment, natural environment, technological environment, political-legal environment,and social-cultural environment. These environments contain forces that can have a major impact on the actors in the task environment, which is why smart marketers track environmental trends and changes closely.广泛的环境包括的六个组成部分：人口环境，经济环境，自然环境，技术环境，政治法律环境，社会文化环境。这些环境中包含的力量，对在工作环境中的行动者有重大影响，这就是为什么明智的商家密切追踪环境的趋势和密切变化。
lavenderheyijun
为你解答。⒈ She is a lovely girl.They all like to play with her.（结果状语从句） She is such a lovely girl that they all like to play with her.解释：such...that，如此……以至于。such强调的中心词是名词，so强调形容词。⒉ Both of his parents were pleased with her result.（全否） Neither of his parents were pleased with her result.解释：both，两者都。neither是否定词，两个都不。⒊ Many trees must have been planted last year, (weren't they) ?解释：陈述部分有过去的时间状语，并且是被动语态，疑问部分用weren't。⒋ Passengers, don't occupy the chairs with your luggage, (will you)?解释：陈述部分是祈使句，疑问部分用will you。⒌ I don't think you can answer this question, (can you)?解释：陈述部分有I don't think，疑问部分要与宾语从句的you can一致，用肯定。
MrcuriosityZ
以下是共199页word文本中的一段（一下子贴不了） 要的话可以传给你！希望可以帮助你！！嘿嘿 abbreviation n.缩写，节略；缩写形式 abbreviation for / of ...的缩写 abide v.遵守，坚持；忍受，容忍（常用与否定或疑问句） Abide by your promise. 遵守你的诺言。 She can’t abide that man. 她无法忍受那个人。 [词组] abide by 遵守，坚持 abolish vt. 依法废止、废除，革除 There are many bad customs and laws that ought to be abolished . 有很多不良的旧习惯和法律应予以废除。 [反]establish absorption n. 吸收，吸收过程；专注 Complete absorption in sport interfered with his studies. 一心专注于体育运动妨碍了他的学业。 absurd adj. 不合理的、荒唐的、可笑的、愚蠢的。 It was absurd of you to suggest such a thing. 你竟提出这样的一件事，真可笑。 [同]ridiculous abundance n. 丰富，充裕 live in abundance 过着丰衣足食的生活 an abundance of good things 很多好东西 academy n. 高等学府，专科学校 ；研究会，学院 the Chinese Academy of Science 中国科学院 acceleration n. 加速度，加速率，加速 ；促进，加快 accessory n. 附件、附属品 ；同谋，帮凶 the accessories of a bicycle 自行车的附件 an accessory to a murderer 一个杀人犯的同谋 adj. 附加的，附属的；同谋的，帮凶的 accord v.给予，赠予 accord sb. Permission = accord permission to sb. 允许某人 [同]grant v. （使）符合，（使）一致 His actions accord with his words. 他言行一致。 n. 一致，调和 ；（国家间的）条约、规定 [词组] in/out of accord with 与…一致/与…不一致 of one’s own accord 自动地，自发地 He gave generously of his own accord. 他自愿慷慨解囊。 With one accord 全体一致地 acknowledge vt. 承认 She refused to acknowledge defeat. 她拒绝承认失败。 vt. 表示感谢 We must not fail to acknowledge his services to the town . 我们必须感谢他对本市的贡献。 vt. 表示认识，向（某人）打招呼 ；告知（信件、礼物）的收到，确认 acknowledge sb.’s letter 确认收到某人的来信 vt. 【律】公证 acknowledge a deed 公证一项契约 [难点] 感谢某人通常不说 acknowledge sb. 常用acknowledge one’s … with … 用…向某人的…致谢 He acknowledged the applause with a small bow. 他鞠躬以谢欢呼。 acknowledge 后接动词的ing形式，不接动词不定式。 He acknowledged having been frightened. 他承认受惊。 [词组] acknowledge one's defeat 承认失败 It is universally acknowledged that... ... 是大家所公认的 acknowledge the applause 谢幕 acknowledge the corn [美俚]承认为事实, 认输, 甘拜下风 acknowledge the superiority of 自认不如 acquaint vt. 通知、告知 I acquainted him with my plan. 我把计划告诉他。 [同]inform vt. 使认识，使熟悉 We are acquainted with each other . 我们互相认识。 [难点] acquaint sb./oneself with 使某人熟悉 ；把…通知某人 be acquainted with sb. 与某人相识，了解 become/get acquainted with 开始认识，开始了解 adhere vi. 坚持，追随，依靠 He adhered to his decision. 他坚持自己的决定。 粘着 Gum adhered to her fingers. 口香糖粘着她的手。 [同]stick [难点] adhere to / stick to / cling to 坚持… 拥护… 依靠…；粘着… adjacent adj. 邻近的，毗连的 [同]neighboring adj. 前后相连的 a music programme adjacent to the news 紧接在新闻前的（或后）的音乐节目 [词组] be adjacent to … 临近…；紧接在…前（或后）的 adjoin v. 临近，毗连 Mexico adjoins the United States. 墨西哥与美国界临。 adjustable adj. 可调节的，可校准的 admiration n. 赞美，钦佩，赞赏 He was lost in admiration of the beautiful view. 他沉醉在美丽的景色中。 [词组] admiration for 对…赞美，钦佩 I have a great admiration for your wisdom. 我非常钦佩你的智慧。 adoption n. 收养；采用，采纳，正式通过 the adoption of new rules 新规则的表决通过 adore vt. 崇拜，敬慕 He adores his teacher. 他敬慕他的老师。 [同]worship vt. 极为喜欢 I adore swimming. 我非常喜欢游泳。 advantageous adj. 有利的，有助的 advertise v. 为…做广告，登广告 advertise in all newspapers 在所有报纸上登广告 v. 通知，告知 advertise sb. of one’s plan 告知某人自己的计划 [难点] advertise for sth. 登广告征求（或寻找）某物 advertise sth 为某物做广告 advocate n.提倡者，拥护者 an advocate of peace 提倡和平的人 [同]supporter 辩护者，律师 vt. 拥护, 支持; 提倡; 主张; 建议; 辩护 [同]favor [难点] advocate 后接名词、动名词，不接动词不定式 Do you advocate keeping all children at school till the age of sixteen ? 你主张将义务教育延长至十六岁吗？ aerial adj. 空气的，大气的 aerial currents 气流 adj. 航空的 aerial stunts 空中特技 n. 天线 [同]（美）antenna aerospace n. 太空，宇宙空间 affirm v. 断言，肯定 He affirms his innocence. 他断言自己是清白的。 [同]assert v. 证实，批准 The council affirmed the decision. 委员会批准了这项决议。 agitation n. 搅动，摇动；激动，忧虑 She was in a state of agitation. 她处于激动状态。 n. 鼓动，煽动 agreeable adj. 令人愉快的 She has an agreeable voice. 她的嗓音悦耳。 [同]pleasant adj. 易相处的 [同]compatible adj. （欣然）同意的 I’m agreeable to doing what you suggest. 我乐于照你的建议去做。 alas int. （表示悲痛、遗憾等的惊叹声）哎呀，唉 album n. 相册，集邮册，签名纪念册；唱片簿，唱片集 alert adj. 警惕的，警觉的 be alert in answering questions 留心回答问题 [同]watchful
妞妞宝贝814
leran Chinese—learned Chinese学汉语 sing and dance—sang and danced 唱歌和跳舞 eat good food—ate good food吃好吃的食物 take pictures—took pictures 照相 climb—climbed 爬 have—had buy presents—bought presents买礼物 row a boat—rowed a boat 划船 see elephant—saw elephant 看大象 go skiing—went skiing 去滑雪 go ice-skating—went ice-skating 去滑冰 how怎么，如何 get—got 到达 last 上一个的。
乖乖邓子
Unit 1 by (经，乘) foot(脚) bike(自行车) bus(公共汽车) train(火车) how(怎样) go to school（上学） traffic（交通） traffic light（交通灯） traffic rule（交通规则） stop（停，停车站）wait（等待） get to（到达） Unit 2 library(图书馆) post office(邮局) hospital(医院) cinema(电影院) bookstore(书店) where(在哪里，到哪里) please(请) next to(与…相邻) turn(转弯) right (右边) left(左边) straight(成直线地) then (然后) Unit 3 next week(下周) this morning(今天上午) this afternoon(今天下午) this evening (今天晚上) comic book(漫画书) post card(明信片) newspaper(报纸) buy(购买) Unit 4 hobby(爱好) ride a bike--riding a bike(骑自行车) dive--diving(跳水) play the violin—playing the violin(拉小提琴) make kites—making kites(制作风筝) collect stamps—collecting stamps(集邮) live –lives(居住) teach--teaches(教) go--goes(去) watch--watches(看) read--reads(读，看) does doesn’t=does not Unit 5 singer(歌唱家，歌手) writer(作家) actor(男演员) actress(女演员) artist(画家) TV reporter(电视台记者) engineer(工程师) accountant(会计) policeman(男警察) salesperson(销售员) cleaner(清洁工) where（在哪里，到哪里） work（工作） Unit 6 rain(雨) cloud (云) sun(太阳) stream(河，溪) come from(来自，从…来) seed(种子) soil(土壤) sprout (苗，芽) plant(植物，种植) should (应该) then(然后) PEP六年级下册四会单词词汇表 Unit 1 tall—taller更高的 short—shorter 更矮的 strong—stronger 更强壮的 old—older 年龄更大的 young—younger 更年轻的 big—bigger 更大的heavy—heavier 更重的 long—longer 更长的 thin—thinner 更瘦的 small—smaller （体型）更小的 Unit 2 have a fever 发烧 have a sore throat喉咙疼 have a cold感冒 have a toothache 牙疼 have a headache 头疼 matter事情，麻烦 sore 疼的 hurt疼痛 nose 鼻子 tired疲劳的，累的 excited兴奋的 angry生气的 happy高兴的 bored无聊的，烦人的 sad 忧伤的，悲伤的 Unit 3 watch—watched 看 wash—washed 洗 clean—cleaned打扫 play—played玩 visit—visited 看望 do—did last weekend 上一个周末 go—went去 go to a park—went to a park 去公园 go swimming—went swimming去游泳 go fishing—went fishing去钓鱼 read—read 读 go hiking—went hiking 去郊游 Unit 4 leran Chinese—learned Chinese学汉语 sing and dance—sang and danced 唱歌和跳舞 eat good food—ate good food吃好吃的食物 take pictures—took pictures 照相 climb—climbed 爬 have—had buy presents—bought presents买礼物 row a boat—rowed a boat 划船 see elephant—saw elephant 看大象 go skiing—went skiing 去滑雪 go ice-skating—went ice-skating 去滑冰 how怎么，如何 get—got 到达 last 上一个的。
