fj陈老诗
必修课程中的语篇类型：
1. 对话、访谈；
2. 记叙文，如个人故事、人物介绍、短篇小说、通话、剧本等；
3. 说明文，如地点、事物、产品介绍等；
4. 应用文，如日记、私人信件、简历、宣传册、问卷等；
5. 新闻报道，如简讯、专题报道等；
6. 新媒体语篇，如一般网络信息、电子邮件、手机短信等；
7. 其他语篇类型，如目录与指南、表格与图示、日程表、告示牌、地图与图例、菜单与烹饪食谱、规则、操作指令、天气预报、歌曲与诗歌等。
选择性必修课程中的语篇类型：
1. 专题讨论、讲座、报告等；
2. 记叙文，如小说、科幻故事、幽默故事等；
3. 议论文，如论说文、评论等；
4. 说明文，如现象说明、事理阐释等；
5. 应用文，如正式书信等；
6. 新媒体语篇，如博客、知识类或科普类网页等；
7. 其他语篇类型，如散文、戏剧、寓言、影视、笑话、广告等。
提高类选修课程中的语篇类型：
1. 专题讲座、演讲、辩论等；
2. 记叙文，如文学名著、名人传记等；
3. 议论文，如报刊社论、专栏文章、书评、影评或学术论文摘要等；
4. 说明文，如机构介绍、科技成果介绍、操作指南、使用手册等；
5. 应用类正式文体，如提议、建议、工作计划、议事日程等；
6. 其他语篇类型，如专题类文章、科研和学术报告等。
jiangdan1101328
英语四大文体的英文表达是记叙文 Narrative 、说明文 Description text 、应用文Practical 、议论文Argumentation。
记叙文分为记人和记事两种，主要是叙述人物的经历或事物的发展变化，但无论是哪种，其关键之处是相通的：围绕着“人事时地物”之类的要素展开，也就是英语的Wh-words：何人(who)、何时(when)、何事(what)、何地(where)、如何(why)、为何(how)……
说明文的主要功能，是介绍事物的形状、性质、构造、功用、特征等。说明文在行文的时，逻辑性一般都很强，而且作者会根据事物的不同方面，自行分篇分段。
议论文有两种较常见的类型
议论文主要是用来论述事理、发表意见、提出主张，有两种较常见的类型。
1、提出观点(表明论点)，并一步一步展开(提出论据或理由)。这种类型一般都是“总分总”的结构，先引入话题，然后总说自己的观点;再分别列举理由，来证明自己观点的正确;较后，综上所述，再强调自己的观点。
2、综述一种事物或现象的正反方面。这种类型的也是“总分总”的结构，较后的“总”不是重复强调，而是在权衡之下，提出自己的观点，或者启发读者自己去思考，因此是“引入话题——客观陈述优缺点——作者的主观意见或启发读者思考”。
candy雨朦
我是同济大学的在校生，像英语这类的课程应该比较提高（当然，英语是我初高中时候最有把握的一门课，在高手如林的重点高中，英语卷面成绩第一总能帮我拉一拉总分），只要你真的花时间了，肯定可以较快提高，这一些心得体会我已经跟很多人分享过了（通过交谈、邮件、百度知道），所以我的学习经验真的是“复制..复制..再复制.”如果你觉得靠谱的话就去试试吧，希望对你也有所帮助。我们今天就讲讲作文的写法【英语作文的考试重点】初高中的英语作文重在展现你自己的水平：1.语法，尽可能不出现语法错误。2.书写，书写尽量工整，这个一方面能够让老师看得舒服，另一方面也表明了你写作的思路流畅。3.从句、长句、优美的句子、高级词汇的灵活运用。【万金油句子举例】1.___has been brought into focus,and ____ always aroused the greatest concern2.Among the various reasons contributing to this phonomenon, ____ plays an important part.3.There is no complete agreement among people as to ____ .Some people take it for granted that _____________ while others hold the opinion that ___________ .4.Taking above metioned factors into consideration, I think ________5.In a whole, ___________【提高的方法】我高二的时候买了一本书《王长喜十句作文法》讲的是关于四六级考试的，应用优美的模板来写作的技巧（说实在的这个有点儿投机取巧，但是应对考试绰绰有余）。我分析了一下平时的考卷，发现作文的题材有六七成都和里面所介绍的五种相关，我就把他里面提供的相同题材的几个不同模板做了一下整理，每种题材整理出一个我自认为最完美的模板（模板中不乏显摆自己高超语法技巧的闪光点）然后每一次考试尽量套上一个适合的模板，结果是十有八九我的作文会成为范文之一。所以，建议你买一本类似于模板的书，这种书市面上现在很多的，不仅是王长喜的，其他的也有。你现在要万金油句子你也不一定会运用得很自然甚至巧妙，因此，整理出几套模板，然后就这几套模板好好看一些优秀的例文。相信不久你的作文水平会得到很大的提升真希望说了这么多对你有实质性的帮助，加油啊，期待你如愿以偿，加油！附：【英语作文八种常用句型】一) 原因 1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation. A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem). 2. The answer to this problem involves many factors. 3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that... 4. The factors that contribute to this situation include... 5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that... 6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are... 7. Part of the explanations for it is that ... One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ... Another contributing factor (cause ) is ... Perhaps the primary factor is that … But the fundamental cause is that 二) 比较 1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages. 2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. 3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that... 4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that... 5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. 6.Like anything else, it has its faults. 7.A and B has several points in common. 8.A bears some resemblances to B. 9.However, the same is not applicable to B. 10. A and B differ in several ways. 11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. 12. People used to think ..., but things are different now. 13. The same is true of B. 14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks. 15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ... 三) 批驳1)It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out. 2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact. 3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water. 4) Many of us have been under the illusion that... 5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is. 6) It makes no sense to argue for ... 7) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ... 8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ... 9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...四) 后果 1. It may give rise to a host of problems. 2. The immediate result it produces is ... 3. It will exercise a profound influence upon... 4. Its consequence can be so great that... 五) 举例 1) A good case in point is ... 2) As an illustration, we may take ... 3) Such examples might be given easily. 4) ...is often cited as an example. 六) 证明1) No one can deny the fact that ... 2) The idea is hardly supported by facts. 3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ... 4) Recent studies indicate that ... 5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ... 6) According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ... 七) 开篇 1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ... 2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ... 5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ... 6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular. 7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ... 8) According to a recent survey, ... 9) With the rapid development of ..., ... 八) 结尾 1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ... 2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ... 3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ... 4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ... 5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help. 6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ... 7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. 8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ... 10) Taking all these into account, we ... 11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...
