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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science which aims to create it. Textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents,"[1] where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximize its chances of success.[2] John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956,[3] defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines."[4]The field was founded on the claim that a central property of human beings, intelligence—the sapience of Homo sapiens—can be so precisely described that it can be simulated by a machine.[5] This raises philosophical issues about the nature of the mind and limits of scientific hubris, issues which have been addressed by myth, fiction and philosophy since antiquity.[6] Artificial intelligence has been the subject of breathtaking optimism,[7] has suffered stunning setbacks[8] and, today, has become an essential part of the technology industry, providing the heavy lifting for many of the most difficult problems in computer science.[9]AI research is highly technical and specialized, deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other.[10] Subfields have grown up around particular institutions, the work of individual researchers, the solution of specific problems, longstanding differences of opinion about how AI should be done and the application of widely differing tools. The central problems of AI include such traits as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects.[11] General intelligence (or "strong AI") is still a long-term goal of (some) research.[12]Thinking machines and artificial beings appear in Greek myths, such as Talos of Crete, the golden robots of Hephaestus and Pygmalion's Galatea.[13] Human likenesses believed to have intelligence were built in every major civilization: animated statues were worshipped in Egypt and Greece[14] and humanoid automatons were built by Yan Shi,[15] Hero of Alexandria,[16] Al-Jazari[17] and Wolfgang von Kempelen.[18] It was also widely believed that artificial beings had been created by Jābir ibn Hayyān,[19] Judah Loew[20] and Paracelsus.[21] By the 19th and 20th centuries, artificial beings had become a common feature in fiction, as in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein or Karel Čapek's R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots).[22] Pamela McCorduck argues that all of these are examples of an ancient urge, as she describes it, "to forge the gods".[6] Stories of these creatures and their fates discuss many of the same hopes, fears and ethical concerns that are presented by artificial intelligence.The problem of simulating (or creating) intelligence has been broken down into a number of specific sub-problems. These consist of particular traits or capabilities that researchers would like an intelligent system to display. The traits described below have received the most attention.[11][edit] Deduction, reasoning, problem solvingEarly AI researchers developed algorithms that imitated the step-by-step reasoning that human beings use when they solve puzzles, play board games or make logical deductions.[39] By the late 80s and 90s, AI research had also developed highly successful methods for dealing with uncertain or incomplete information, employing concepts from probability and economics.[40]For difficult problems, most of these algorithms can require enormous computational resources — most experience a "combinatorial explosion": the amount of memory or computer time required becomes astronomical when the problem goes beyond a certain size. The search for more efficient problem solving algorithms is a high priority for AI research.[41]Human beings solve most of their problems using fast, intuitive judgments rather than the conscious, step-by-step deduction that early AI research was able to model.[42] AI has made some progress at imitating this kind of "sub-symbolic" problem solving: embodied approaches emphasize the importance of sensorimotor skills to higher reasoning; neural net research attempts to simulate the structures inside human and animal brains that gives rise to this skill.General intelligenceMain articles: Strong AI and AI-completeMost researchers hope that their work will eventually be incorporated into a machine with general intelligence (known as strong AI), combining all the skills above and exceeding human abilities at most or all of them.[12] A few believe that anthropomorphic features like artificial consciousness or an artificial brain may be required for such a project.[74]Many of the problems above are considered AI-complete: to solve one problem, you must solve them all. For example, even a straightforward, specific task like machine translation requires that the machine follow the author's argument (reason), know what is being talked about (knowledge), and faithfully reproduce the author's intention (social intelligence). Machine translation, therefore, is believed to be AI-complete: it may require strong AI to be done as well as humans can do it.[75][edit] ApproachesThere is no established unifying theory or paradigm that guides AI research. Researchers disagree about many issues.[76] A few of the most long standing questions that have remained unanswered are these: should artificial intelligence simulate natural intelligence, by studying psychology or neurology? Or is human biology as irrelevant to AI research as bird biology is to aeronautical engineering?[77] Can intelligent behavior be described using simple, elegant principles (such as logic or optimization)? Or does it necessarily require solving a large number of completely unrelated problems?[78] Can intelligence be reproduced using high-level symbols, similar to words and ideas? Or does it require "sub-symbolic" processing?[79][edit] Cybernetics and brain simulationMain articles: Cybernetics and Computational neuroscience There is no consensus on how closely the brain should be simulated.In the 1940s and 1950s, a number of researchers explored the connection between neurology, information theory, and cybernetics. Some of them built machines that used electronic networks to exhibit rudimentary intelligence, such as W. Grey Walter's turtles and the Johns Hopkins Beast. Many of these researchers gathered for meetings of the Teleological Society at Princeton University and the Ratio Club in England.[24] By 1960, this approach was largely abandoned, although elements of it would be revived in the 1980s.How can one determine if an agent is intelligent? In 1950, Alan Turing proposed a general procedure to test the intelligence of an agent now known as the Turing test. This procedure allows almost all the major problems of artificial intelligence to be tested. However, it is a very difficult challenge and at present all agents fail.Artificial intelligence can also be evaluated on specific problems such as small problems in chemistry, hand-writing recognition and game-playing. Such tests have been termed subject matter expert Turing tests. Smaller problems provide more achievable goals and there are an ever-increasing number of positive results.The broad classes of outcome for an AI test are:Optimal: it is not possible to perform better Strong super-human: performs better than all humans Super-human: performs better than most humans Sub-human: performs worse than most humans For example, performance at draughts is optimal,[143] performance at chess is super-human and nearing strong super-human,[144] and performance at many everyday tasks performed by humans is sub-human.A quite different approach is based on measuring machine intelligence through tests which are developed from mathematical definitions of intelligence. Examples of this kind of tests start in the late nineties devising intelligence tests using notions from Kolmogorov Complexity and compression [145] [146]. Similar definitions of machine intelligence have been put forward by Marcus Hutter in his book Universal Artificial Intelligence (Springer 2005), which was further developed by Legg and Hutter [147]. Mathematical definitions have, as one advantage, that they could be applied to nonhuman intelligences and in the absence of human testers.AI is a common topic in both science fiction and in projections about the future of technology and society. The existence of an artificial intelligence that rivals human intelligence raises difficult ethical issues and the potential power of the technology inspires both hopes and fears.Mary Shelley's Frankenstein,[160] considers a key issue in the ethics of artificial intelligence: if a machine can be created that has intelligence, could it also feel? If it can feel, does it have the same rights as a human being? The idea also appears in modern science fiction: the film Artificial Intelligence: A.I. considers a machine in the form of a small boy which has been given the ability to feel human emotions, including, tragically, the capacity to suffer. This issue, now known as "robot rights", is currently being considered by, for example, California's Institute for the Future,[161] although many critics believe that the discussion is premature.[162]Another issue explored by both science fiction writers and futurists is the impact of artificial intelligence on society. In fiction, AI has appeared as a servant (R2D2 in Star Wars), a law enforcer (K.I.T.T. "Knight Rider"), a comrade (Lt. Commander Data in Star Trek), a conqueror (The Matrix), a dictator (With Folded Hands), an exterminator (Terminator, Battlestar Galactica), an extension to human abilities (Ghost in the Shell) and the saviour of the human race (R. Daneel Olivaw in the Foundation Series). Academic sources have considered such consequences as: a decreased demand for human labor,[163] the enhancement of human ability or experience,[164] and a need for redefinition of human identity and basic values.[165]Several futurists argue that artificial intelligence will transcend the limits of progress and fundamentally transform humanity. Ray Kurzweil has used Moore's law (which describes the relentless exponential improvement in digital technology with uncanny accuracy) to calculate that desktop computers will have the same processing power as human brains by the year 2029, and that by 2045 artificial intelligence will reach a point where it is able to improve itself at a rate that far exceeds anything conceivable in the past, a scenario that science fiction writer Vernor Vinge named the "technological singularity".[164] Edward Fredkin argues that "artificial intelligence is the next stage in evolution,"[166] an idea first proposed by Samuel Butler's "Darwin among the Machines" (1863), and expanded upon by George Dyson in his book of the same name in 1998. Several futurists and science fiction writers have predicted that human beings and machines will merge in the future into cyborgs that are more capable and powerful than either. This idea, called transhumanism, which has roots in Aldous Huxley and Robert Ettinger, is now associated with robot designer Hans Moravec, cyberneticist Kevin Warwick and inventor Ray Kurzweil.[164] Transhumanism has been illustrated in fiction as well, for example in the manga Ghost in the Shell and the science fiction series Dune. Pamela McCorduck writes that these scenarios are expressions of the ancient human desire to, as she calls it, "forge the gods."[6]

中文名称：艾萨克·阿西莫夫之机器人，帝国，基地系列全集英文名称：Isaac Asimov's COMPLETE Robot, Empire, and Foundation发行时间：2001年地区：美国语言：英语简介：艾萨克·阿西莫夫著作等身，一生完成了467部书，其中的科幻小说为他赢得世界级的声誉。阿西莫夫成功地将心理学、历史学以及逻辑学引入科幻小说，确立了机器人小说的规则，多次获得科幻大奖。由于他的杰出贡献，世界科幻小说协会于1986年特别授予他“科幻大师”奖。阿西莫夫的科幻代表作包括“基地系列”、“机器人系列”，“帝国系列”以及《奇异的旅行》、《神们自己》等。这里发布的这个全集包括可以收集到的“基地系列”、“机器人系列”，“帝国系列”的全部阿西莫夫本人及相关同人作品，其中每部作品均在压缩包中的readme里提供了好几种检索方式，对于同人作品，尤其标明了阿西莫夫本人的认可程度。Congratulations, you have acquired The Complete Robot, Empire, and Foundation, the finest collection of Asmovian ebooks available. We had two objectives in the creation of this archive: 1.Include every book/story in Isaac Asimov’s “Robot,” “Empire,” and “Foundation” series. 2.Ensure that each and every ebook included was of the highest quality. To achieve these goals, we combed the internet for the best scans available. These were proofread and corrected. We also restored formatting, such as italics and diacritics, that was missing from many of the scans commonly available on the internet. To these we added a number of new—and carefully proofed—scans, to complete the collection. As a result, each and every ebook in The Complete REF archive is guaranteed to be the best version availablePublication Date / Title / Author 1939 Marooned Off Vesta (Best of Isaac Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1939 Trends (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1939 Weapon Too Dreadful to Use, The (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1940 Callistan Menace, The (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1940 Farewell To The Master (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Bates, Harry 1940 Half-Breed (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1940 Half-Breeds on Venus (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1940 Homo Sol (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1940 Magnificent Possession, The (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1940 Ring Around the Sun (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1940 Robbie (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1940 Robbie (I, Robot) Asimov, Isaac 1940 Robbie (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1941 Heredity (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1941 History (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1941 Liar! (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1941 Liar! (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1941 Liar! (I, Robot) Asimov, Isaac 1941 Nightfall (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1941 Nightfall (Best of Isaac Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1941 Not Final! (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1941 Reason (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1941 Reason (I, Robot) Asimov, Isaac 1941 Reason (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1941 Secret Sense, The (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1941 Super-Neutron (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1942 Black Friar of the Flame (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1942 Christmas on Ganymede (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1942 Hazing, The (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1942 Imaginary, The (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1942 Robot AL-76 Goes Astray (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1942 Runaround (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1942 Runaround (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1942 Runaround (I, Robot) Asimov, Isaac 1942 Time Pussy (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1942 Victory Unintentional (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1943 Death Sentence (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1944 Catch That Rabbit (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1944 Catch That Rabbit (I, Robot) Asimov, Isaac 1944 Though Dreamers Die (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Del Rey, Lester 1945 Blind Alley (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1945 Escape! (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1945 Escape! (I, Robot) Asimov, Isaac 1946 Evidence (I, Robot) Asimov, Isaac 1946 Evidence (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1946 Evidence (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1947 Little Lost Robot (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1947 Little Lost Robot (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1947 Little Lost Robot (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1947 Little Lost Robot (I, Robot) Asimov, Isaac 1948 Endochronic Properties of Resublimated Thiotimoline, The (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1948 No Connection (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1949 Mother Earth (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1949 Red Queen's Race, The (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1950 Darwinian Pool Room (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1950 Day of the Hunters (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1950 Evitable Conflict, The (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1950 Evitable Conflict, The (I, Robot) Asimov, Isaac 1950 Evitable Conflict, The (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1950 Green Patches (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1950 Legal Rites (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1950 Little Man on the Subway, The (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1950 Pebble in the Sky Asimov, Isaac 1951 Breeds There A Man (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1951 Breeds There A Man (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1951 C-Chute (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1951 C-Chute (Best of Isaac Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1951 Foundation Asimov, Isaac 1951 Fun They Had, The (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1951 Fun They Had, The (Best of Isaac Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1951 Hostess (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1951 Hostess (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1951 In a Good Cause-- (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1951 Satisfaction Guaranteed (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1951 Satisfaction Guaranteed (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1951 Satisfaction Guaranteed (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1951 Shah Guido G. (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1951 Stars, Like Dust, The Asimov, Isaac 1952 Currents of Space, The Asimov, Isaac 1952 Deep, The (Best of Isaac Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1952 Foundation and Empire Asimov, Isaac 1952 Martian Way, The (Best of Isaac Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1952 Martian Way, The (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1952 What If-- (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1953 Button, Button (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1953 Caves of Steel, The Asimov, Isaac 1953 Everest (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1953 Flies (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1953 Kid Stuff (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1953 Monkey's Finger, The (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1953 Nobody Here But-- (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1953 Sally (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1953 Sally (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Asimov, Isaac 1953 Sally (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1953 Sally (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1953 Second Foundation Asimov, Isaac 1953 Second Variety (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Dick, Philip K. 1953 Soldier Boy (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Shaara, Michael 1954 First To Serve (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Budrys, Algis 1954 Foundation of S.F. Success, The (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1954 How-2 (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Simak, Clifford D. 1954 Immortal Bard, The (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1954 It's Such A Beautiful Day (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1954 Let's Not (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1954 Pause, The (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1955 Dreaming Is A Private Thing (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1955 End of Eternity, The asimov, Isaac 1955 Franchise (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1955 Franchise (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1955 Last Trump, The (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1955 Risk (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1955 The Lifeboat Mutiny (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Sheckley, Robert 1955 The Tunnel Under The World (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Pohl, Frederick 1955 Two-Handed Engine (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Kuttner, Henry and Moore, C. L. 1956 A.E. Van Vogt's 'Slan' (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1956 Alfred Bester's 'The Demolished Man' (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1956 Dead Past, The (Best of Isaac Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1956 Dead Past, The (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1956 Dying Night, The (Best of Isaac Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1956 Each an Explorer (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1956 First Law (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1956 Gimmicks Three (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1956 Hell-Fire (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1956 Isaac Asimov's 'The Caves Of Steel' (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1956 John W. Cambell's 'Who Goes There'' (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1956 Jokester (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1956 Jokester (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1956 L. Sprague De Camp's 'Lest Darkness Fall' (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1956 Last Question, The (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1956 Last Question, The (Best of Isaac Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1956 Living Space (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1956 Message, The (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1956 Naked Sun, The Asimov, Isaac 1956 Someday (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1956 Someday (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1956 Someday (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1956 Watery Place, The (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1957 Author's Ordeal, The (Poetry) (Earth is Room Enough) Asimov, Isaac 1957 Blank! (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1957 Does A Bee Care (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1957 Does A Bee Care (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1957 Galley Slave (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1957 Galley Slave (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1957 Gentlemen: Please Note (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1957 Insert Knob A in Hole B (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1957 Let's Get Together (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1957 Look Out! Duck! (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1957 Masters Of The Metropolis (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1957 Strikebreaker (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1957 Strikebreaker (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1957 The Best Policy (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1957 The Education Of Tigress Mccardle (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Kornbluth, C. M. 1958 ...No Connections (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1958 Brother Robot (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Slesar, Henry 1958 Buy Jupiter Asimov, Isaac 1958 Feeling of Power, The (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1958 Lenny (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1958 Lenny (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1958 Silly Asses (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1958 Spell My Name With An S (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1958 Ugly Little Boy, The (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1958 Up-To-Date Sorcerer, The (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1959 Anniversary (Best of Isaac Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1959 Despoilers Of The Golden Empire (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1959 Rain, Rain, Go Away (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1959 Statue For Father, A (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1959 Too Robot To Marry (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Smith, George H. 1959 Unto The Fourth Generation (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1961 Machine That Won The War, The (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1961 Machine That Won The War, The (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1961 Mustang (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1961 The Problem Was Lubrication (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Bunch, David R. 1961 What Is This Thing Called Love? (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1962 My Son, The Physicist (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1962 The Cosmic Beat (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1962 Through Time And Space With Benedict Breadfruit (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1964 Author! Author! (Early Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1965 Eyes Do More Than See (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1965 Eyes Do More Than See (Nightfall and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1965 Founding Father (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1966 Prime of Life, The (Bicentennial Man and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1967 Billiard Ball, The (Best of Isaac Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1967 Billiard Ball, The (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1967 Segregationist (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1967 Segregationist (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1968 Exile To Hell (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1968 Key Item (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1968 Proper Study, The (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1969 Feminine Intuition (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1969 Feminine Intuition (Bicentennial Man and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1969 Feminine Intuition (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1970 2430 A.D. (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1970 Waterclap (Bicentennial Man and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1972 Greatest Asset, The (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1972 Mirror Image (Best of Isaac Asimov, The) Asimov, Isaac 1972 Mirror Image (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1972 Mirror Image (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1972 Take A Match (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1973 Light Verse (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1973 Light Verse (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1973 Light Verse (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1973 Thiotimoline To The Stars (Buy Jupiter) Asimov, Isaac 1974 Stranger in Paradise (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1974 That Thou Art Mindful of Him (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1974 That Thou Art Mindful of Him (Bicentennial Man and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1975 Boy's Best Friend, A (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1975 Life and Times of Multivac, The (Bicentennial Man and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1975 Point of View (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1976 Bicentennial Man, The (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1976 Bicentennial Man, The (Bicentennial Man and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1976 Birth of a Notion (Bicentennial Man and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1976 Marching In (Bicentennial Man and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1976 Old-fashioned (Bicentennial Man and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1976 Sun Up (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Jackson, A.A. IV and Waldrop, Howard 1976 Tercentenary Incident, The (Bicentennial Man and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1976 Tercentenary Incident, The (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1976 Winnowing, The (Bicentennial Man and Other Stories) Asimov, Isaac 1977 On The Martian Problem (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1977 Think! (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1977 Think! (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1977 True Love (Complete Robot, The) Asimov, Isaac 1977 True Love (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1978 Backstage Lensman (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1978 The Horror Out Of Time (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1979 Poul Anderson's 'Three Hearts And Three Lions' (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1979 Prehistoric Note (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1980 'Reviews In Verse' (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1980 Breakfast Of Champions (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Easton, Thomas A. 1980 Last Answer, The (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1980 The Adventures Of 'Little Willie' (Takeoff!) Garrett, Randall 1982 Foundation's Edge Asimov, Isaac 1982 Lest We Remember (Robot Dreams) Asimov, Isaac 1983 Norby Chronicles, The Asimov, Janet & Isaac 1983 Robots of Dawn, The Asimov, Isaac 1985 Hallucination (Gold) Asimov, Isaac 1985 Robots and Empire Asimov, Isaac 1985 The Warm Space (Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction vol 9: Robots) Brin, David 1986 Feghoot and the Courts (Gold) Asimov, Isaac 1986 Foundation and Earth Asimov, Isaac 1986 Robot Dreams Asimov, Isaac 1987 Left To Right (Gold) Asimov, Isaac 1987 Robot City 1: Odyssey Kube-McDowell, Michael P. 1987 Robot City 2: Suspicion McQuay, Mike 1987 Robot City 3: Cyborg Wu, William F. 1988 Christmas Without Rodney (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1988 Prelude to Foundation Asimov, Isaac 1988 Robot City 4: Prodigy Cover, Arthur Byron 1988 Robot City 5: Refuge Chilson, Rob 1988 Robot City 6: Perihelion Wu, William F. 1988 Smile of the Chipper, The (Gold) Asimov, Isaac 1989 A Word or Two from Janet (Foundation's Friends) Asimov, Janet 1989 Alexander the God (Gold) Asimov, Isaac 1989 Balance (Foundation's Friends) Resnick, Mike 1989 Blot (Foundation's Friends) Clement, Hal 1989 Carhunters of the Concrete Prairie (Foundation's Friends) Sheckley, Robert 1989 Dilemma (Foundation's Friends) Willis, Connie 1989 Fifty Years (Foundation's Friends) Asimov, Isaac 1989 Foundation's Conscience (Foundation's Friends) Zebrowski, George 1989 Good-bye to Earth (Gold) Asimov, Isaac 1989 Instability, The (Gold) Asimov, Isaac 1989 Maureen Birnbaum After Dark (Foundation's Friends) Spiegelman Fein, Betsy 1989 Murder in the Urth Degree (Foundation's Friends) Wellen, Edward 1989 Nemesis Asimov, Isaac 1989 PAPPI (Foundation's Friends) Finch, Sheila 1989 Plato's Cave (Foundation's Friends) Anderson, Poul 1989 Robots And Aliens 1: Changeling Leigh, Stephen 1989 Robots And Aliens 2: Renegade Scotten, Cordell 1989 Strip-Runner (Foundation's Friends) Sargent, Pamela 1989 The Asenion Solution (Foundation's Friends) Silverberg, Robert 1989 The Fourth Law of Robotics (Foundation's Friends) Harrison, Harry 1989 The Originist (Foundation's Friends) Card, Orson Scott 1989 The Overheard Conversation (Foundation's Friends) Hoch, Edward D. 1989 The Present Eternal (Foundation's Friends) Malzberg, Barry N. 1989 The Reunion at the Mile-High (Foundation's Friends) Pohl, Frederick 1989 Too Bad! (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1989 Trantor Falls (Foundation's Friends) Turtledove, Harry 1990 Cybernetic Organism (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1990 Fault-Intolerant (Gold) Asimov, Isaac 1990 Frustration (Gold) Asimov, Isaac 1990 Future Fantastic (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1990 In the Canyon (Gold) Asimov, Isaac 1990 Intelligences Together (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1990 Kid Brother (Gold) Asimov, Isaac 1990 My Robots (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1990 Our Intelligent Tools (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1990 Robot Visions Asimov, Isaac 1990 Robots And Aliens 3: Intruder Thurston, Robert 1990 Robots And Aliens 4: Alliance Oltion, Jerry 1990 Robots And Aliens 5: Maverick Bethke, Bruce 1990 Robots And Aliens 6: Humanity Oltion, Jerry 1990 Robots I Have Known (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1990 Robots in Combination (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1990 The Friends We Make (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1990 The Laws of Humanics (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1990 The Laws of Robotics (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1990 The Machine and the Robot (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac 1990 The New Profession (Robot Visions) Asimov, Isaac