英语从句语法点

英语中六大从句用法总结1.主语从句1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.It seems that the performance is very useful.2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。What we lack is experience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.I did know why I felt like crying.2.宾语从句1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。*I promised that I would change the situation.*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。He didn't think that the money was well spent.3.表语从句表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.4.同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.The news came that their team had won the championship.5.定语从句定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。*限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。That is all that I've heard from him.He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.2)关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。This is one of those things with which we have to put up.This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.5.定语从句*非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。This is the computer on which he spent all his savingsIt is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.*as引导的定语从句as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)6.状语从句*时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.*地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.*原因、结果和目的状语从句1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that,so that,that,so等。Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.*条件和让步状语从句1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)*方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

名词性从句是在 句子 中起名词作用的句子。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组， 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。下面就是我给大家带来的名词性从句英语语法知识点汇总，希望大家喜欢！

1 引导名词性从句的连接词

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词：that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,

whose, which.

连接副词：when, where, how, why

不可省略的连词：

1. 介词后的连词

2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy.

We heard the news that our team had won.

比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：

1. whether引导主语从句并在句首

2. 引导表语从句

3. whether从句作介词宾语

4. 从句后有"or not"

Whether he will come is not clear.

大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。

It is not important who will go.

It is still unknown which team will win the match.

2 名词性that-从句

1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：

主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。

宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。

表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。

同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.

近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。

形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.

你对工作满意我感到很高兴。

2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。

It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。

用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句

It is necessary that… 有必要……

It is important that… 重要的是……

It is obvious that… 很明显……

b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句

It is believed that…人们相信……

It is known to all that…从所周知……

It has been decided that… 已决定……

c. It + be +名词+ that-从句

It is common knowledge that… ……是常识

It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……

It is a fact that… 事实是……

d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句

It appears that…似乎……

It happens that…碰巧……

It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……

3 名词性wh-从句

1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：

主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。

直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。

间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.

俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。

表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。

宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。

同位语：I have no idea when he will return.

我不知道他什么时候回来。

形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。

介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.

那取决于我们去哪儿。

2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：

It is not yet decided who will do that job.

还没决定谁做这项工作。

It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。

4 if, whether引导的名词从句

1)yes-no型疑问从句

从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同， 例如：

主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。

宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把 文章 写完。

表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。

同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。

形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。

介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。

2)选择性疑问从句

选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成，例如：

Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。

I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。

5 否定转移

1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。

I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。

I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。

注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。

I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。

2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。

It doesn't seem that they know where to go.

看来他们不知道往哪去。

It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.

看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

3) 有时将动名词，介词 短语 或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。

I don't remember having ever seen such a man.

我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…)

It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.

在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。

(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)

4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。

The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语)蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。

He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。

She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定状语many weeks)她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。

从句一般有三类。1. 名词性从句： 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句2. 定语从句3. 状语从句：时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，条件状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句，方式状语从句，比较状语从句从句的学习重点就是在于它们的连接词（在定语从句中成为关系词，在状语从句中成为从属连词）。比如名词性从句，连接词可以分为三类：连词：that，whether，if，as if等；连接代词：which，what，who，whose，whom等；连接副词：when, why, where, how等；想想为什么会有这三种分类，肯定是有它们的区别的，比如是连词引导的名词性从句，后面应当是完整的句子，如，i know that he is from America. 主 谓 宾（其中that为连接词，he is from America是一个完整的句子）如果是连接代词的话，表示代得是句子中的某个成分，如， i don't know what his name is. 主 谓 宾（其中what是连接词，在从句中充当is 的表语）把连接词弄清楚了，从句就很清晰了。