Sophie小蕉
一、独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式独立主格结构(the absolute structure)是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。例如：1)Night enshrouding the earth,nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.(黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。) 独立主格结构多用于书面语，尤其是描述性语言中，在口语和非正式文体中，一般用从句或两个句子来代替。例如，上述例句可变为：二、独立主格结构的特殊构成形式独立主格结构除上述基本构成形式，即名词／代词＋分词(短语)外，还有如下特殊构成形式。1.名词＋介词短语1)The mayor of Hiroshima strode at a leisure pace toward the puzzled journalist,a bunch of flowers in his hands.(广岛市市长双手捧着一束鲜花，迈着方步走向那个迷惑不解的记者。) 2.名词＋形容词(短语) 1)The Trojans asleep,the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse.(特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。) 3.名词＋副词1)This little excitement over,nothing was to be done but to return to a steadfast gaze at my mute companion.(一阵小小的兴奋过后，除了再去死死地盯着我的哑伴外，别无它事可干了。) 此外，with常常用在独立主格结构前，构成介词短语作状语。这种用法中的with不表达什么意义，因而常可省略。请看例句：1)With a revolver in his right hand, Johnny hurled his muscular body against the door and smashed it down with a crash.(约翰尼右手拿着左轮手枪，健壮的身体猛扑在门上，轰隆一声把门撞开了。) 三、独立主格结构的用法独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。1.作时间状语1)My shoes removed,I entered a low-ceilinged room,treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting.＝After my shoes were removed, I entered a low-ceilinged room,treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting.(我脱掉鞋子后，走进一间屋顶很低的房间，小心翼翼地踩在柔软的塌塌米垫子上。) 2.作条件状语1)Weather permitting,they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.＝If weather permits,they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.(如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。) 3.作原因状语1)The storm drawing near,the navvy decided to call it a day.＝Since the storm was drawing near,the navvy decided to call it a day.(由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。) 4.作伴随状语1)I took my ticket,and marched proudly up the platform,with my cheeses,the people falling back respectfully on either side.＝I took my ticket,and marched proudly up the platform,with my cheeses,and the people fell back respectfully on either side.(我拿着车票还有我的奶酪，雄赳赳气昂昂地跨步走向月台。人们似乎很尊敬我，纷纷向两边退去。)还可以看这个PPT文档：
念念1218
独立主格结构经典例句有以下：
1、名词(代词)+现在分词
Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.
黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
2、名词(代词)+过去分词
The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
3、名词(代词)+不定式
在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.
我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
4、名词(代词)+形容词
The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse.特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。
5、名词(代词)+副词
The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.
散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。
6、名词(代词)+名词
His first shot failure，he fired again.
他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。
7、名词(代词) +介词短语
He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm.
他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。
需知：
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如：
表示时间
The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。
巧克力麦乳精
所谓“独立主格结构”的语法形式，简单的理解就是：在一个句子中，将本可以用从句的修饰成分改用非谓语形式的主谓结构表现出来，以使句子结构更加紧凑，从而避免使用复合句。或者将两个句子改用一个句子表达。例：The meeting being over, all of us went home.（原为两个句子：The meeting was over. All of us went home. —— 从句的谓语动词改成了现在分词。）Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all.（原为两个句子：Almost all metals are good conductor. Silver is the best of all.—— 同上）We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting.（从句形式为：We shall play the match tomorrow if weather permits.—— 同上）The job finished, we went home.（从句形式：Since he job was finished, we went home.—— 条件状语从句改成被动分词结构。）More time given, we should have done the job much better.（从句形式：If more time had been given, we should have done the job much better.—— 虚拟语气，条件状语从句改成被动分词结构。）......比较有从句的复合句型，独立主格结构显然更紧凑，更适合书面表达。
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