基督城里
高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求(试行)语法结构表 000一、本表列出了英语课程教学中学生需掌握的语法知识。 000二、本表所规定的是学生应该掌握的语法知识和技能范围,并不要求在教学中对所列全部项目进行专题讲授。语法教学的重点是培养学生实际使用语法的能力。 00Symbols & Abbreviations Nomenclature 00N Noun 00Pron Pronoun 00Num Numeral 00Art Article 00Prep Preposition 00Adj Adjective 00Ad Adverb 00Det Determiner 00V Verb 00V-ing1 Gerund 00V-ing2 Present participle 00V-ed1 Past form of verb 00V-ed2 Past participle 00To V Infinitive 00S Subject 00O Object 00Oi Indirect object 00Od Direct object 00Cs Subject complement 00Co Object complement 00Wh-words who, when, where, how, why, which, whether 00Conj Conjunction 00Exc Exclamation 00 1.Noun (名词): 1.1 Classes of N: countable vs. Uncountable (名词的种类:可数名词与不可数名词) 1.2 Number of N (名词的数) 1.3 Irregular plurals (不规则复数) 1.4 Genitive case of N (名词的所有格) 1.5 Double genitive (双重所有格) e. g . a portrait of Mr. Brown’s (cf. a portrait of Mr. Brown) 2.Pronoun (代词) 2.1 Personal pronoun (人称代词) 2.2 Demonstrative pronoun (指示代词) 2.3 Possessive pronoun (物主代词) 2.4 Reflexive pronoun (反身代词) 2.5 Interrogative pronoun(疑问代词) 2.6 Indefinite pronoun(不定代词) 2.7 Reciprocal pronoun(相互代词) 2.8 Relative pronoun(关系代词) 3.Numeral(数词) 3.1 Cardinal and ordinal numbers(基数词和序数词) 3.2 Percentage(百分数) 3.3 Fraction(分数) 3.4 Decimal (小数) 3.5 Multiple(倍数) 3.6 Year, Month, Date, Time(年份、月份、日期、时刻) 4.Determiner(限定词) 4.1 Definite and indefrinite articles(定冠词和不定冠词) 4.2 any, all, both, each, every, either, neither, no, this, etc. 4.3 Quantifiers(数量词) e.g.many,a piece of, etc 5.Preposition(介词) 5.1 Simple preposition(简单介词) 5.2 Compound preposition(复合介词) 6.Adjective(形容词) 6.1 Syntactic function of Adj(形容词的句法功能) 6.2 Adj+Prep 6.3 Adj+toV 6.4 Adj+that-clause 6.5 Too+Adj+to V 6.6 Adj+enough+to V 6.7 so+Adj+as+to V 7.Adverb(副词) 7.1 Syntactic function of Adv(副词的句法功能) 7.2 Adverbs with or without-ly(带-ly和不带-ly的副词) e.g.high, highly; most, mlostly, etc. 7.3 Position of adverbs (副词的位置) 8.The comparative and superlative degrees of Adj/Adv(形容词和副词的比较级和最高级) 9.Verb classes(动词) 9.1 Transitive and intransitive verbs(及物动词和不及物动词) 9.2 Auxiliaries and modal auxiliaries (助动词和情态动词) 9.3 Phrasal verbs(短语动词) e.g. depend on, turn out, catch up with, etc. 10. Tense(时态) 10.1 Simple present, past, future(一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时) 10.2 Present and past progressive(现在进行时和过去进行时) 10.3 Future progressive(将来进行时) 10.4 Present and past perfect(现在完在时和过去完成时) 10.5 Future perfect (将来完来时) 10.6 Present perfect progressive(现在完成进行时) 10.7 Past perfect progressive(过去完成进行时) 11.Passive voice(被动语态) 11.1 Passive voivce in simple tenses(被动语态的一般式) 11.2 Passive voice in perfect and progressive tenses(被动语态的完成式和进行式) 11.3 Passive voice of phrasal verbs(短语动词的被动语态) 11.4 Passive voice of modal verbs(含情态动词的被动语态) 12.Subjunctive mood(虚拟语气) 12.1 in conditional sentences(用于条件句中) 12.1.1 if+V-ed1…would+V 12.1.2 if+had+V-ed2…would +have+V-ed2 12.1.3 if+should/were to+V, …would+V 12.1.4 omission of if(if的省略) 12.2 in the following that-clause after(用于下列动词的that宾语从句中) wish, demand, suggest, etc It + be + suggested / desirable. etc. Suggestion, recommendation, etc. 12.3 in the following clauses and constructions(用于下列从句和结构中) as if + clause, as though + clause It is time that Would rather 13.To V(Infinitive动词不定式) 13.1 as subject, object, attribute and complement(用作主语,宾语、定语和补足语) 13.2 Indicating purpose/result(表示目的/结果) 13.3 It+(be)+Adj(+for+sb.)+ to V 13.4 wh-words+ to V(phrase)(疑问词加不定式[短语]) 13.5 to be+V-ed2, to have+V-ed2,to be +V-ing2(不定式的被动式、完成式和进行式) 14.V-ing1(Gerund动名词) 00014.1 as object, subject and predicative(用作宾语、主语和表语) 00014.2 Prep+V-ing1 00014.3 It+be+...+V-ing1 00014.4 N/Pron or their Possessive+ V-ing1 as subject and object(名词/代词或其所有格加动名词作主语和宾语) 00014.5 Prep+N/Pron or their possessive+ V-ing1(介词加名词/代词或其所有格加动名词) 00014.6 Being+ V-ed2,having+V-ed2(动名词的被动式和完成式) 15.V-ing2 and V-ed2(Present and Past Participle现在分词和过去分词) 00015.1 as premodifier and postmodifier in a noun phrase(作名词的前位和后位修饰语) 00015.2 as complement(作补足语) 00015.3 as an adverb clause equlvalent(作状语) 00015.4 when/while,etc.+V-ing2/ V-ed2(when/while等+现在分词或过去分词) 00015.5(with)N+V-ing2/V-ed2([with]+名词+现在分词或过去分词) 15.6 being+ V-ed2, havins+ V-ed2,having been+ V-ed2 as an adverb or adjective clause equivalent (现在分词的被动式、完成式和完成被动式作状语或定语从句) 00016. Baslc sentence pattems and sentence elements(基本句型和句子成分) 000Pattern l:S+V 000Pattern 2:S+V+Cs 000Pattern 3:S+V+O 000Pattern 4:S+V+Oi+Od 000Pattern 5:S+V+Od+Co 17.Transformation of basic sentence patterns(基本句型转换) 17.1 Interrogative form(疑问形式) 17.2 Negative from(否定形式) 17.3 Imperative form(命令形式) 17.4 Passive form(被动形式) 18.There be There be结构 18.1 There+(be)+N+Adv 18.2 There will-/modal V+be/exist(s)/seem(s)to be/appear(s)to be +N+Adv 18.3 There (be)+N+Adj/V-ing2/V-ed2/to V/relative clause 19.Agreement(一致关系) 19.1 Between subject and predicate V(主语和谓语动词的一致关系) 19.2 Between pronoun and its antecedent(代词与其先行词的一致关系) 20.Noun clause(名词从句) 20.1 that and omission of that(that和that的省略) 20.2 whether, if 20.3 which(ever),who(ever), whom, whose 20.4 when, where, why, how, how much/many/long/often 20.5 what, whatever 21.Attributive clause(定语从句) 21.1 Restrictive and non-restrictive(限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句) 21.2 That, which, who, whom, when, where, why 21.3 Whose 21.4 Omission of that/which(that/which的省略) 21.5 (N+Pron+)Prep+which/whom/whose 21.6 the same/such…as 21.7 which/as(with sentential antecedent)(which/as指代句子) 22.Apposition(同位关系) 22.1 Noun in apposition(名词作同位语) 22.2 Appositive clause(同位语从句) 22.3 Noun phrase as appositive to clause(名词短语作句子的同位语) 22.4 explicit indicators of apposition e.g. that is(to say), for example, etc. 23.Clauses of time and space (时间从句和地点从句) 23.1 when(ever), while, as, after, before, since 23.2 where(ever) 23.3 until, till 23.4 once, the moment, as soon as , each time, immediately (that), no sooner…than. 24.Clauses of condition, concession and contrast(条件从句,让步从句和对比从句) 24.1 if, unless 24.2 provided/providing(that), as/so long as, in case, on condition that, supposing 24.3 though, although, whether, even though, even if 24.4 no matter+wh-words 24.5 wh-words+-ever 24.6 whereas, while 24.7 Adj/Adv+as/though 25.Clauses of cause, result and purpose(原因从句、结果从句和目的从句) 25.1 because, as, for, for, for this reason, etc. 25.2 hence, therefore, then, as a result of , etc. 25.3 for, for this purpose, with this in mind, lest, in order than, etc. 26.Clauses of manner and comparison(方式从句和比较从句) 26.1 as, as…as, not so (as)…as, more than, less than, no/not more than 26.2 as, juse as 26.3 as if, as though 27.Clauses of proportion and other types(表示比较关系的从句和其它从句) 27.1 the…, the… 27.2 as…, so… 27.3 except that 28.Coordination(并列) Coordinators:and, both…and, not only…but(also), as well as, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or, not…but, for, etc. 29.Clauses with introductory it(用引导词it的从句) 29.1 Anticipatory it as subject or object 29.2 it in emphatic sentence e.g. It is/was…that/who 30.Pro-form(替代形式) 30.1 Pro-forms for noun phrases(名词短语的替代形式) 30.1.1 3rd person pronouns, and plurals of the 1st and 2nd person pronouns(第三人称代 词、第一和第二人称代词的复数) 30.1.2 indefinite pronouns(不定代词)(+of+N/Pron) 30.1.3 one, ones, that, those 30.1.4 the same, the former, the latter 30.2 Pro-forms for adverbials(状语的替代形式) here, then, thus 30.3 Pro-forms for predicate(谓语的替代形式) 30.3.1 do, do so 30.3.2 so do, so will 30.4 Sentence/Clause reference(句子或从句的替代形式) 30.4.1 this, the following 30.4.2 so, not e.g. A:Do you think he will come? B:Yes, I think so.(or )No, I think not. 31.Discontinuous modification(割裂) 31.1 Siparation of relative clause from is antecedent(定语从句与所修饰的名词割裂) 31.2 Separation of V-ing2/V-ed2/Prep-phrase from its head noun.(现在分词/过去分词/介 词短语与所修饰的名词割裂) 31.3 Separation of appositive (clause) from its antecedent(同位语[从句]与所同位的词的 割裂) 31.4 Separation of Prep-phrase from adjective(介词短语与形容词割裂) e.g. different techniques from those… 32.Subject-verb inversion(主语与谓语倒装) 32.1 Sentences beginning with neither, nor, so, etc. 32.2 Sentences beginning with negative adverb expressions e.g. hardly, never, rarely, etc. 32.3 Sentences beginning with adverbs of position and direction e.g. here, there, down, away, etc. 32.4 Sentences beginning with a fronted predicative e.g. More important is the principle of… 32.5 Sentences beginning with only+Adv, not only…(but)also… 33.Parenthesis(插入语) e.g. actually, generally speaking, to be exact, as a result, as you see, etc. 34.Omission(省略) 34.1 Omission through coordination(并列结构中的省略) e.g. It’s cold in December in England, but (it’s cold)in july in New Zealand. 34.2 Omission in the following clauses(下列从句的省略) Whether…or ont; whatever; as; than; the…, the… 35.Negation(否定) 35.1 Total negation(全部否定) 35.2 Partial negation(部份否定) 35.3 Double negation(双重否定) 36.Emphasis(强调) 36.1 By single words or phrases(用单个词或词组) e.g. only, even, just, ever, alone, must, still, too, very, a good (great) deal, (by) far, a lot, etc. 36.2 By reflexive pronouns, auxiliary verb do or emphatic it(用反身代词、助动词do或强 调结构中的it) 36.3 By inversion or repetition(用倒装或重复) e.g. Hardly did I think it possible 37.Word formation(构词法) 37.1 Affixation(词缀法) 37.2 Conversion(转化法) 37.3 Compounding(合词法) 38.The use of it (it的用法) 36. Abbreviation(缩约法) e.g. TV, ad, smog, etc 40.Punctuation(标点)
安吉拉pig
(一)考试性质
广东省普通高等职业院校招收中等职业学校毕业生统一考试是以职业高中、中专学校和技工学校应届毕业生为对象的选拔性考试。有关普通高等院校将根据考生成绩,按已确定的招生计划,德、智、体全面衡量,择优录取。因此,考试应具有较高的信度、效度和必要的区分度和适当的难度。
(二)考试内容和形式
试题主要考查考生的英语基础知识、基本技能、职业活动中的英语应用能力。同时,也考查考生对中国传统文化、西方文化的粗略了解程度,考生初步的跨文化意识和基本的跨文化交际能力,以及其情感、态度和价值观。
试卷由七部分组成:
I.补全对话;
Ⅱ.词汇和语法;
Ⅲ.完形填空;
Ⅳ.阅读理解;
V.语法填空;
Ⅵ.完成句子;
Ⅶ.应用写作。
下面对各部分的测试内容和要求作具体说明。
I.补全对话,共5小题。
每小题为一个不完整的简短对话,要求考生从所提供的选项中选出一个最佳答案补全对话。主要考查考生在简单的英语交际中根据语境正确使用交际套语的能力,同时也考查考生的语感。
Ⅱ.词汇和语法,共20小题。
A)词汇知识。共10小题。
每小题包含一个画线的单词和词组,要求考生根据句子的上下文判断其相应的中文意思,并确定选项。主要考查考生的英语词汇认知能力。
B)语法知识。共10小题。
每小题留有一或两个空白处,要求考生从所给的的选择项中选出能填人空白处的最佳答案。主要考查考生对已学语法知识的运用能力。
Ⅲ.完形填空,共15小题。
在一篇短文中留有15个空白处,要求考生在通读短文后能把握全文的大意,综合运用所学的词汇知识、语法知识、语篇知识、逻辑思维,判断、选定能填入文中空白处的最佳答案,使补全后的短文结构正确、内容连贯、意思完整。本节主要考查考生对句子和语篇的理解能力以及逻辑思维能力。
Ⅳ.阅读理解,共15小题。
要求考生阅读3篇短文,每篇短文后有几个问题或未完成的句子。考生根据短文内容从所给的选择项中选出能回答问题或填入句子空白处的最佳选项。
考生应能:
①依上下文猜测某个单词或词组的意思;
②理解文章的主旨;
③迅速查找文中的具体信息;
④对文内信息的真伪作出判断和推理;
⑤对句子或段落作出简单的推断;
⑥理解作者的观点、态度和写作意图。
阅读材料的选取遵循三个原则:
①总阅读量不少于600个单词(不含所附回答问题部分);
②题材广泛,涉及日常生活、文学、社会、文化、地理、历史、教育、艺术、科技、政治、经济等领域;
③体裁多样,包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文、新闻报道、小说(片段)等。
Ⅴ.语法填空, 共10小题。
在一篇约150词的短文中留出10个空白处,部分空白处的后面括号中给出单词的基本形式,要求考生按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。主要考查考生在篇章层面对语法和语言知识的掌握情况。
Ⅵ.完成句子,共5小题。
每小题为一个不完整的英语句子,要求考生将给出的汉语部分翻译成正确、通顺的英语,主要考查考生对英语词汇知识、语法知识的运用能力以及基本的翻译能力。
Ⅶ.应用写作,共1小题。
考生应根据试题要求,完成一篇简短的应用文写作任务。主要考查考生对英语词汇知识、语法知识的综合运用能力以及基本的应用文写作能力。
整套试卷中,第I~Ⅳ大题均采用单项选择题的形式,每题只有一个最佳答案,要求考生在答题卡上以填涂的方式作答;第Ⅴ~Ⅶ大题为书写题,要求考生在答题卡上以书写的形式作答。
(三)试卷结构和时间、分值分配
全卷试题内容、题数、赋分和时间发排如下所示:
优质英语培训问答知识库