英语复合句的类型

复合句(Complex Sentence)由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成,指的是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子,其中有一个(或更多)主谓结构充当句子的某一(些)成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句都属于复合句,主句是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在,从句则只用作句子的一个成分,不能独立。

复合句分为并列复合句compound sentence（也称并列句）和主从或从属复合句complex sentence（也称复杂句），并列复合句compound sentence是有并列连词：and、or、but连接；从属复合句complex sentence由一个主句（Principal Clause）和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。

用疑问词作引导词，主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。

相关信息：

在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语。主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。

当what引导的名词性分句作主语时，主谓一致问题极为复杂。著名学者周海中教授在论文《关于what-分句作主语的主谓一致问题》中就这一问题做了深入研究，并给出了10种的主谓一致关系。这些一致关系值得英语学习者和使用者特别注意。

复合句:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成，所以它的全称为主从复合句。主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在，而且从句须由一个关联词引导。

英语复合句的从句有三种类型：1. 名词从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。2. 定语从句，3. 状语从句。复合句复合句指的是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子, 其中有一个(或更多)主谓结构充当句子的某一(些)成分, 如主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语, 状语, 同位语等.除了主句以外，它有主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，定语从句，和状语从句。主句和从句之间由从属连词连接。主语从句主语从句的引导词；主句的谓语动词，一般用单数。如：1. That the earth goes around the sun is known to all.( = It is known to all that the earth goes around the sun. )2. Whether she will come is up to her boss.（此时不能用if）主语从句的一些常见句型需要注意。如：It is reported that…It must be pointed out that…It is likely that…It happens that…宾语从句宾语从句的引导词和引导词的省略以及从句的语序。如：1. He believed that walking under a ladder brings bad luck.2. You can learn what you do not know from the class.3. Let me know which of the books is the best.表语从句：be动词或者系动词后面跟主语补足语。1. The assumption is that things will improve.2. China is not what it used to be.同位语从句同位语从句的特点是由一个抽象名词+that从句构成，引导词一般是that, 而且that在从句中不充当任何成分。这些抽象名词有：news, idea, fact, doubt, evidence, promise, rumor, hope, truth, belief, message等，同位语从句是对抽象名词进行说明解释。1. The news that our football team at last defeated Korea made the fans wild with joy.比较：The news that made the fans wild with joy was from the radio.（定语从句）2. There is much evidence that the crime rate in this city is on the rise.定语从句定语从句主要用来修饰它前面的先行词（名词或代词）的从句，所以又称形容词从句。根据与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；介词＋引导词以及非限制性定语从句。具体考点如下：引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）和关系副词(as, when, where, why)等。但是当下列情况出现时，对引导词有特殊要求。1. 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, little, much时；当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very修饰时；当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的引导词用that。例：All that you want are here. There is no person that doesn't make mistakes. 没有人不犯错误。his is the best book that I have ever read.2. "the same ...as", "such...as"中的as可以指人或物，作从句的主语、宾语、表语或介词的宾语。如：Such money as he earned was spent on spirits and tobacco. Is this the same mosquito as bit you just now?He was not half such a coward as we took him for. 3. why引导表示原因的定语从句，其先行词一般是reason。当主句主语是reason时，作主句表语的成分不能有because和because of。其结构一般为the reason why…is that…，或者the reason that…is that…，如：He did not tell us the reason why he was late again.The reason why（that）he didn't come is that he was ill.4. 当定语从句为there be句型时，关系代词只能用that。This is the only that there is a read cover.5. 当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时，关系代词只能用that。Who is the girl that is talking to Tom.6. 如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited在"介词+which / whom"的结构中，介词的选择取决于三种情况：1. 定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配This is the college in which I am studying.He is the man about whom we are talking.2. 先行词与介词的习惯搭配当先行词表示"领域、方面"时，如：aspect, respect, area, field等，用in which；当先行词表示"价格、利率、速度"时，如：rate, price, speed等，用at which；当先行词表示"程度"时，如：degree, extent等，用to which；当先行词表示"根据、依据、基础"时，如：grounds, foundation, basis等，用on whichThe speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter. It is useful to be able to predict the extent to which a price change will affect supply and demand. 3. 当定语从句为最高级时只能用of which，否则用其他介词I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is the best.当先行词为表示时间的名词（如：time, day, year, week, month, occasion）或地点的名词（如：place, room, city, country）时，一般用关系副词when和where.分别相当于in which, at which, on which。但是当这些表示时间或地点的名词作从句的宾语时，则要用关系代词that或which。I can't forget the days when (in which) I lived with you.Can you tell me the day when (on which)the first satellite was sent into space?China is the only country where (in which ) wild pandas can be found.I'll never forget the village where I spent my childhood.I will never forget the days that (which) I spent in Beijing University. (本句days作spend的宾语，故用关系代词that / which )I have never been to Beijing, but it's the place that I most want to visit.(本句place作visit的宾语。) 非限定性定语从句不能用that引导, 一般用引导词which / as或who（指人），非限定性定语从句既可以修饰主句的部分内容，也可修饰主句的全部内容。as引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，但which或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在主句句首。As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth. His speech, which bored us to death, was over at last.Her sister, who lived in another city, was coming to visit her.状语从句状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词。现分别列举如下：1．时间状语从句常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner…than, hardly…when, scarcely…whenI didn't realize how special my father was until I was 18.2．地点状语从句常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere Wherever you go, you should work hard.3．原因状语从句常用引导词：because, since, as, since 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as, insomuch as The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from buying things.4．目的状语从句常用引导词：so that, in order that特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.5．结果状语从句常用引导词：so…that, so…that, such…that 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that He got up so early that he caught the first bus.It's such a good chance that we must not miss it. 6．条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless 特殊引导词：as / so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that We'll start our project if the president agrees.7．让步状语从句常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词：as（用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装），while (一般用在句首)，no matter…, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I can't agree to his proposal. 8．比较状语从句常用引导词：as（同级比较）, than（不同程度的比较）特殊引导词：the more…the more…, just as…, so…; A is to B what / as X is to Y, no…more than, no…less than, A not so much as B She is as bad-tempered as her mother. 9．方式状语从句常用引导词：as, as if, how特殊引导词：the way When in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.

名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 定语从句 非限制性定语从句 状语从句