高中英语句型ppt

英语基本句型一英语基本句型-1主系表结构/S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表） 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的：be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;2.表示状态延续的：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示状态变化的：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;如：Our English teacher is thirty years old. The cake tastes delicious. We feel used to living in big cities. The potatoes went bad in the fields. Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still.巩固练习1：1．冬季白天短，夜晚长2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3．孩子们很少保持安静。4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。5．他失业了。二英语基本句型-2主谓结构/S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓） 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises. Tom has already left.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。如：1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.巩固练习2：1．她昨天回家很晚。2．会议将持续两个小时。3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大4．1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。5．每天八时开始上课。三英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构/S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾） 本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They haven’t decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a present.巩固练习3：1．昨晚我写了一封信。2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。3．这本书他读过多次了。4．他们成功地完成了计划。5．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。四英语基本句型4 双宾语结构/S (主)+VT（谓）+ InO（间接宾）+ DO（直接宾） 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。巩固练习4：1．Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？4．他把车票给列车员看。5．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？五英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构/S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾）+ O C（宾补） 说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on.用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.巩固练习5：1．我们叫她Alice.2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3．他们把小偷释放了。 4．我要你把真相告诉我。5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 六英语基本句型6 There be 句型 说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 现在有 there is/are … 过去有 there was/were… 将来有 there will be…；there is /are going to be... 现在已经有 there has/have been… 可能有 there might be... 肯定有 there must be …/there must have been... 过去曾经有 there used to be … 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be … 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …巩固练习6：1．这个村子过去只有一口井。2．客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。3．天气预报说下午有大风。4．灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。5．战前这儿一直有家电影院的. 课文句子翻译练习：1. 他们正在面对面地交谈。(face)_______________________________________________________________.2. 根据约翰说的, 下周将有一次会议。(according)________________________________________________________________.3. 他早起为了赶头班车。 (in order to)________________________________________________________________.4. 你和你的同学相处得怎么样? (get along with)_______________________________________________________________.5. 我们对他的安全都很关切。 (concern)_______________________________________________________________.6. 你是否需要一个你可以无话不谈的朋友?____________________________________________________________________.7. 你近况如何?_____________________________________________________________________.8. 我们成为好朋友已十年了。_____________________________________________________________________.9. 我还没来得及回答他的第一个问题, 他又问了一个问题。_____________________________________________________________________.10. 我像大部分人那样记日记。____________________________________________________________________.英语基本句型练习答案巩固练习答案1：1．In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.2．At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.3．Children seldom keep quiet.4．Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.5．He is out of work.巩固练习答案2：1. She went home very late yesterday evening.2. The meeting will last two hours.3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.4. The May Fourth Movement broke outin Beijing in 1919.5. Classes begin at eight every day.巩固练习答案3：1. I wrote a letter last night.2. I want to talk with you this afternoon.3. He has read this book many times.4. They have carried out the plan successfully.5. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.巩固练习答案4：1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.3.Would you please pass me the dictionary?4.He showed the ticket to the conductor.5.Shall I call you a taxi?巩固练习答案5：1.We call her Alice.2.All of us considered him honest.3.They have set the thief free.4.I want you to tell me the truth.5.The guards ordered us to leave at once.巩固练习答案6：1.There was only a well in the village.2.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.3.The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.4.The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.5.There used to be a cinema here before the war.课文句子翻译练习答案：1. They are talking face to face./ They are having a face-to face talk.2. According to John, there is going to be a meeting next week.3. He got up early in order to catch the first bus.4. How are you getting along with your classmates?5. We are all concerned about his safety.6. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to?7. How are you getting along / on recently?8. We have been good friends for ten years.9. He asked a second question before I could answer the first one.10. I keep a diary as most people do.

推荐《高中英语语法指南》，复旦大学出版设的，非常好，我高三一年英文就上去了

1. be doing/ be about to do/be on the point of doing/had done…,when…（when：这时， 强调一个动作的突然发生）1) I was walking along the river, when I heard a drowning boy cry for help.2) I was about to leave when it began to rain.3) I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over.2. It was(not) +时间段+before +一般过去时“过了一段时间就……”It will(not) be+时间段+before +一般现在时“要过一段时间才会……”It is/ has been +时间段+ since…It was+点时间+ when…It was+时间状语+ that…（强调句）1) It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境危险。（动作已发生）2) It will be half a year before you graduate from the school.还有半年你才从这个学校毕业。（动作未发生）3) It is 3 years since he worked here. = he left here.（since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词，要从这个动作结束的时候算起）4) It was 3 o’clock when they received the telephone.5) It was at 3 o’clock that they received the telephone.3. once… 一旦……，表示时间和条件1) Once you start, you will never give up.2) Once you understand what the teacher explained, you will have no difficulty doing the work.4. the +比较级……，the +比较级……“越……越……”The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get.5. whether…or…无论是……还是……1) Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned.2) Any person, whether young or old, has his own worth.6. 祈使句+or/otherwise +结果句或祈使句+ and +结果句1) Stop doing such a foolish thing, or you will be punished in time.2) More effort, and the problem would have been settled.7. every time/each time/next time/the first time/any time等短语引导时间状语从句，表示“每当，每次，下次，第一次，任何时候”。1) Every time you meet with new words while reading, don’t always refer to your dictionary.2) Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.3) You are welcome to come back any time you want to.8. There is(no) need to do…There is(no)hope/chance/possibility of doing…There is(no)difficulty/trouble/point/delay( in )doing1) Is there any chance of our winning the match?2) There is no point in discussing the problem again.9. it 强调句：基本构成形式：It is/ was +被强调部分+ who/ that+原句剩余部分I met him in the street yesterday afternoon.It was I who/that met him in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调是我，不是别人）It was in the street that I met him yesterday afternoon.（强调是在大街上，不是在别的地方，强调的是地点，但不用where）It was yesterday afternoon that I met him in the street.（强调是昨天下午，不是在别的时候，强调的是时间，但不用when)10. not... until直到……才1) The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.2) It was not until all the fish died in the river that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was.（强调句）3) Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.（倒装句）11. not only…but (also)…引导并列结构：作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的一个主语保持一致。Not only the teacher but also the students have their eyes examined regularly.not only... but (also)…引导并列句时，not only引导的部分置于句首时要部分倒装。1) Not only was everything he had taken away, but also his German citizenship was taken away.2) Not only should we students study hard, but also we should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time.12. would rather +从句（从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语动词用一般过去式， 表示现在或将来的愿望；从句中谓语动词用过去完成市，表示对过去的愿望）1) I’d rather you posted the letter right now.我想让你现在就把信寄出去。2) I’d rather I hadn’t seen her yesterday.我情愿昨天没见到她。13. so, neither/nor 引导得倒装表示“另一者也如此”及前者的情况也适用于后者，用so, neither/nor引导的倒装句，助动词的选择依据前一句的谓语动词。1) He has finished his homework, so have I.2) My sister prefers coffee, so do I.3) John can’t ride a bicycle, neither/nor can I.若前句的谓语动词既有肯定又有否定形式时，或谓语动词不属于一类时，用It is/was the same with sb.或So it is/was with sb.4) He is a worker and he works hard, so it is with John.若后一句是对前一句所说的内容表示赞同或认可，则主语和谓语不倒装。5) — It is cold today. — Yes. So it is6) — He visited Tokyo last week. — Yes. So he did.14. 倍数表达法：A+谓语+倍数+ the + n.(size/ height/ length…) + of BA+谓语+倍数+ as + abj. + as BA+谓语+倍数+ adj.比较级+ than BA +谓语+ adj.比较级+than B + by +倍数1) This square is twice the size of that one. This square is twice as large as that one. This square is once larger than that one.2) This factory produced three times as many cars as they did 10 years ago.3) He is 3 years older than IHe is older than I by 3 years.15. as/with表示“随……进展”，as后面接句子，with后面接短语。1) With the industry developing, the pollution is becoming more and more serious.2) As the industry develops, the pollution is becoming more and more serious.16. with的复合结构(作状语或作定语)with + n. + adj. (with可以省略)1) (With) the street wet and slippery, we had to ride our bikes slowly and carefully.Because the street were wet and slippery, …2) The students were listening to the teacher, (with) their eyes wide open.The students were listening to the teacher, and their eyes were wide open.with+ n. + adv. (with可以省略)3) He put on his coat hurriedly, (with) the wrong side out.with + n. + prep-phrase (with可以省略)4) The old man was seated in the sofa, (with) a pipe in his mouth.with + n.+ to do/to be done (动词不定式的动作还未进行)with + n.+ doing/being done (动词不定式的动作正在进行)with + n.+ done (动词不定式的动作已经完成或指n.所处的状态)5) With so many problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard year.6) He was lying in bed, with his eyes fixed on the ceiling.7) With the temple being repaired, we can’t visited it.17. 以here, there, in, out, up, down, away等副词开头的倒装句(多用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作)。1) Here comes the bus! (=The bus is coming here!)2) Away he went. 他走远了。(若主语是代词则主语与谓语不倒装)18. 方位状语位于句首时的倒装句。1) In front of the house stopped a police car.2) Under the tree sat a boy, with a book in his hand.19. 具有否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时句子要部分倒装。常用的有：little, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, no sooner, in no time, by no means, in no case等。