什么是关系词英语

英语关联词 句子结构的"关节",准确表达的关键英语关联词是关系词和连接词的合称.严谨而准确的表达的基础之一是严谨的句子结构;而关联词 ,就是这句子结构的"关节"和关键.深刻理解和正确运用每一个关联词是高水准英语的重要标志之一.然而在英语教学中,关联词却常成为一个不为人说重视的 "小角色",以致许多同学到中学毕业时还对其不甚了了.英语关联词 —并列连词 1并列连词 在句子中不做成分,仅表示前后关系.1.用于连接彼此互补依存的对等的成分.1)连接语词:slow but safe/ either thisweek or next week2)连接分句:I went and she also.2.可分别表示下列关系.1)转折:but, yet, however, neverthe-less2) 因果:so, for, therefore3) 选择:or, either…or, neither…nor英语关联词 —并列连接词 24)并列和递进:and,both…and, as well asnot only…but (also)英语关联词 —关联词关联词 用于引导从句. 1.名词从句: He doesn't know what she is.2.副词从句:If he comes, I'll give it to you.3.形容词从句:He's the best student I'veever taught.英语关联词 —连接词 1 关联词的类别及所表示的关系 要特别注意关联词在从句中(及某些连接词在短语中)所担当的成分,这是正确使用关连词的关键.1.连接词:引导名词从句,在从句中不做成分.1) that(无含义):I said that he was wrong.2) whether(if)(表示不确定性或选择关系):I don't know whether it is correct.英语关联词 —连接词 22.连接代词 1)引导名词从句,在从句中做主语,宾语,表语和定语.A. who/which 作主语(口语who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词):I asked him who came into the room./ I asked him who(m) he sawwhom/which 做宾语:Ask him which he wants.英语关联词 —关联词 3C. whose 做宾语(=whose thing(s)) /定语: I wonder whose house that is.D. what 做上面提及的各种成分:I don't know what I should do.What can be done 2)与不定式连用,在其中多做主语和宾语.We can't decide whom to invite.We must decide what to do.I couldn't decide which to choose. 英语关联词 —关联词 43.连接副词 引导名词从句或与不定式连用,在从句中做状语.1) how: That's how I look at it.2) where: I don't know where he lives.3) when: Tell me when to use the tool.4) why: I'll tell you why you have todo it. 英语关联词 —关系词 14.关系代词1) who 表示人,在从句中做主语和表语(口语who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词):The man who spoke is my teacher.I don't know who he is.The man who I saw told me that.2) whom 表示人,在从句中做宾语和表语:The man whom I saw told me that.英语关联词 —关系词 23) whose 表示"某人/物的",of which表示"某物的", 在从句中做定语:That's the man whose son is my pupil.The room whose window faces southis her bedroom.The room of which the window facessouth is her bedroom.英语关联词 —关系词 34) which 表示物,在从句中做主语和表语:I like the picture which was takenin front of the main building. 5) that 表示人/物,在从句中做主语和宾语; 注意下列关于that作为关系代词的用法.A.现行词前有最高级形容词修饰时:This is the best film that I've ever seen.英语关联词 —关系词 4B.先行词是下列词语或为其所修饰修饰时:the first, the last, the only, thesame, the very, all, any, no, every.This is the last chance that you have.You are the only friend that I have.He told me all that he knew.英语关联词 —关系词 5C. 先行词是下列不定代词或为其所修饰修饰时:much, little, none, everything/body,nothing, nobody.There's nothing in the world that can frighten him.D. 以Who/Which开始的句子,其后的定语从句中的关系代词不使用who/which,而代之以that.Who that knows him would trust him Which of these buses is the one that goes to London 英语关联词 —关系词 6E.人和事物/动物同为先行词时:The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned. 6) 关系代词做介词宾语.A.一般介词可放在whom/which的前面或其所在的从句的句尾,关系代词为that时,只可放在其所在的从句的句尾.Is this the car for which you paid a high price 英语关联词 —关系词 7Is this the car which you paid a high price for Is this the car that you paid a high price for Is this the car you paid a high price for B.介词during, except以及表示(从整体中)"分割"(出部分)的介词of等介词要放在关系代词的前面:英语关联词 —关系词 8The years during which he was awaywere long years to her.He wrote many books, some of whichC.其介词与动词不可分割的短语动词中的介词必须放在其动词之后,不可放在关系代词之前:This is the book which he has beenlooking for.7)关系代词的省略.A.关系代词作宾语时:The girl I work with is coming.英语关联词 —关系词 9B.that在定语从句中做表语时: He is not the man that he was when I saw him first.He is not the man he was when I saw him first.5.关系副词 在定语从句中均做状语.1)where 地点: That's one point where I'd like your advice.英语关联词 —关系词 102) when 时间:At the time when I saw him, he wasill.3) why 原因:That is the reason why I came so early.4) that 方式/时间/原因 I like the way that /in which he did it.英语关联词 —关系词 11That was the first time (that) I sawhim.The reason why/that he was dismissedis not easy to explain. 5)in which/at which = whereThis is the school in which/at which/where he works.6)for which = why I don't the reason for which he left.英语关联词 —关系词 127)on which = whenThe day on which she was born was 22 September, 1988.英语介词和关联词 —试题与思路1.The doctor will be free ___.A.in ten minutes B.10 minutes laterC.after 10 minutes D.10 minutes after选A.in和将来时连用表示的是某段时间的终结点.after表示某个时间点之后的任一时间.later强调的是在某个时间点之后.2.___ all the students, whom do you regard most highly A.Of B.About C.From D.In 选A.由most highly可知句首的短语是表示比较范围的状语.当给出所比较的人,事物所在的范围时,用in;给出所比较的人,事物的名称时用of.英语介词和关联词 —试题与思路3.He was praised ___ his sense of duty.A.about B.by C.for D.of选C.句子要表达的是受表扬的原因,所以选for.4.The key ___ success is hard work.A.on B.to C.in D.for选B.表示"进入,达到,对于"等含义的名词,需要和to连用.5.Alice has a large collection of photos, ___ was taken in London.A.none of them B.no one of whichC.all of which D.none of which英语介词和关联词 —试题与思路选D.逗号后是一个定语从句,要有关系词来引导,可知A不可;从从句的单数动词was可知C不可;从no one 是表示人而且不可同of短语连用,可知其不可.6.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is___ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how选B.由disagree是不及物动词可知应选一连接副词来表达"在某处/某方面"之意,所以选B.7.Mary can't be admitted to a universi-ty next fall __ she can afford her further education.英语介词和关联词 —试题与思路A.unless B.for C.as D.if选A.从句意可知是有关条件的话题,所以表示原因的as和for均应排除;又由于主句是否定句,根据要标达的意思,应选否定条件连词unless.8.__ encourages us greatly is ___ China has achieved great success in the Olympic Games.A.What; what B.That; thatC.What; that D.That; what选C.两个clause均为名词从句.第一个是主语从句,其中缺少主语,所以选连接代词what;第二个不缺少成分,所以用纯连词that引导.

关系词是在英语中引导定语从句的词。它分为关系副词和关系代词。

关联句分为8种类型： 1并列句。各分句间的关系是平行并列的，如：“这衣裳既漂亮，又大方。” 常用的关联词语有：又……又……、既……又……、一边……一边……、那么……那么……、是……也是……（不是）、不是……而是……等。 2承接句。各分句表示连续发生的事情或动作，分句有先后顺序，如：“看了他的示范动作后，我就照着样子做。 常用的关联词语有：……接着……、……就……、……于是……、……又……、……便……等。 3递进句。分句间是进一层的关系，如：“海底不但景色奇异，而且物产丰富。” 常用的关联词语有：不但（不仅）……而且……、不但……还……、……更(还)……、……甚至……等。 4选择句。各分句列出几种情况，表示从中选出一种，如：“我们下课不是跳橡皮筋，就是踢毽子。” 常用的关联词语有：不是……就是……、或者……或者……、是……还是……、要么……要么……、宁可（宁愿）……也不……、与其……不如……等。 5转折句。后一个分句与前一个分句的意思相反或相对，或部分相反。如：“虽然天气已晚，但是老师仍在灯下伏案工作。” 常用的关联词语有：虽然……但是……、尽管……可是……、……然而……、……却……等。 6因果句。分句间是原因和结果的关系，如：“因为这本书写得太精彩了，所以大家都喜欢看。” 常用的关联词语有：因为(由于)……所以……、……因而(因此)……、既然……就……、之所以……是因为……等。 7 假设句。一个分句表示假设的情况，另一个分句表示假设实现后的结果。如：“如果明天下雨，运动会就不举行了。” 常用的关联词语有：如果……就……、即使……也……等。 8条件句。一个分句说明条件，另一个分句表示在这一个条件下产生的结果，如：“只要我们努力，成绩就会不断地提高。” 常用的关联词语有：只要……就……、无论（不管、不论）……也（都）……、只有……才……、凡是……都……、除非……才……等