高中英语选读课文

高尚的生活是受爱激励并由知识导引的生活，没有知识的爱与没有爱的知识，都不可能产生高尚的生活;下面我给大家分享一些高中英语选修七课文知识，希望能够帮助大家，欢迎阅读!

高中英语选修七课文知识1

Ⅰ. 常考单词必背

1.queue n. [C]长队;行列vi. 排队等候

If we had booked a table earlier，we couldn't be standing here in a queue.

如果你早订张桌子的话，我们现在就不会站在这儿排队了。

2.recommend vt. ①推荐;介绍 ②劝告;建议(接从句时常用虚拟语气)

I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，which my classmates recommended to me.

上周我从图书馆借了本《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》，这是我同学推荐我看的书。

[快速闪记]

(1)recommend sb sth = recommend sth to sb 向某人推荐某物

recommend doing sth 建议(劝告)某人做某事

recommend sb to do sth 劝告某人做……

recommend sb as... 推荐某人当……

recommend that...(should) do... 建议某人……

(2)recommendation n. ①[U]推荐;介绍 ②[C]推荐信; 介绍信 ;劝告

a letter of recommendation 推荐信

3.comfort n. 舒适;安慰 vt. 安慰

The old lady often comforts those who are in trouble.

这位老妇人经常安慰处于困境的人。

[快速闪记]

comfortable adj. 舒服的

comfortably adv. 舒适地

4.substitute n. [C]代用品;代替者 vt. 用……代替

There is no substitute to hard work.

什么都替代不了努力工作。

[快速闪记]

a substitute for...……的代替者

substitute A for B=substitute B with A用A代替B

substitute for 代替

5.requirement n. [C]需要;要求;需要的东西;必要的条件

We have to fit ourselves to the requirements of our jobs.

我们必须适应工作的需要。

[快速闪记]

(1)require sth of sb 向某人要求某物

require+doing/to be done(主语为动作的承受者) 需要做被......

require+to do(主语为动作的发出者) 需要做......

require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事

require that...(should) do要求……(虚拟语气)

(2)to meet/satisfy the requirements 符合/满足必备的条件

6.draft vt. 起草;制定;征募 n. 汇票;草稿;草案

Finally，my thanks go to my tutor，who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and polished every page of my draft.

最后，我要感谢我的导师，因为他给我的论文提供了很多建议和评论，修改我的草稿的每一页。

7.acknowledge/?k'n?lId?/ vt. ①承认;确认 ②答谢;向……打招呼

It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.

人们普遍认为应该通过综合素质来评价学生。

acknowledgement n. 承认;答谢

in acknowledgement of 为感谢……

8.occupy vt. 占领;占用;使忙碌

He occupied his whole afternoon reading books.

他用了一下午的时间读书。

[快速闪记]

occupation n. [C]&[U] ①占领;占据 ②工作;职业

be occupied with sth 忙于某事

be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事

9.routine n. [C]&[U] 常规;惯例;例行公事 adj. 例行的;常规的

Thus eating becomes an enjoyment instead of a routine work you have to do every day.

因此，饮食成为一种享受而不是一个每天你必须做的例行工作。

[快速闪记]

a routine report 例行 报告

10.abundant adj. 丰富的;充裕的

We have abundant evidence that cars have a harmful effect on the environment.

我们有充分的证据证明汽车对环境有不良影响。

[快速闪记]

be abundant in (= be rich in) 富有……;……很丰富

abundance n. 大量;充裕

in abundance 丰富;大量

Ⅱ. 高频 短语 必会

1.adjust to 适应;调节

2.keep it up 保持优秀成绩;继续干下去

[快速闪记]

keep an eye on 照看;留意;密切注视

keep a record (of) 登记;记录

keep back 保留;阻止

keep fit 保持健康

keep...from doing 阻止……做

keep...in mind 记住;想着

keep off 避开;防止;挡住

keep on 继续(干)

keep...out (of...) 遮挡;使不进入

keep to one's promise 信守诺言

keep up 保持;继续(某活动);不使(斗志)低落;维持

keep up with 跟上;不落在后面

keep (a) watch 注意;警惕;提防

3.fit in 相适应;相融合

4.as far as one is concerned 就……而言

5.day in and day out 日复一日

6.out of the question 不可能的;不值得讨论的

out of question 毫无疑问

Ⅲ. 写作句式必学

1.It was the first time she had ever left her motherland.

这是她第一次离开自己的祖国。

2.Studying here is quite different from studying in China.

在这里学习跟在中国学习相当不同。

3.It's not just study that's difficult.

困难不仅仅只是学习方面。

4.When I miss my family，it's great comfort to have a substitute family to be with.

当我想家的时候，房东家就是我家的替身，和他们在一起给了我很大的安慰。

5.Besides，as far as he was concerned，what other people thought was not the most important thing.

此外，他认为，别人想什么并不是最重要的事情。

6.I have been so occupied with work that I haven't had time for social activities.

我一直忙于学习，以至于我没有时间去参与社会活动。

高中英语选修七课文知识2

Ⅰ. 常考单词必背

1.concept n. 观念;概念

2.relevant adj. 有关的;贴切的;恰当的

It is a great honour for me to tell you some information relevant to the local life.我很荣幸告诉你一些和当地生活相关的信息。

When I am faced with a difficulty，I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages.当我面对困难时，我常常选择参考相关学习资料或网络。

3.adjust/?'d??st/ vt.&vi. ①(使)适应;(使)校准;(使)调整 ②整理;使有条理

She carefully adjusted her clothes and her hair before going out.她出门之前仔细地整了整衣服和头发。

[快速闪记]adjust(oneself) to (doing) sth (使某人)适应(做)某事adjustment/?'d??stm?nt/ n.[C]&[U]调整;调节make an adjustment/adjustments to 调整……(以适应……)adjustable adj. 可调节的;可调整的

4.participate vi. (与in连用)参与;参加

Use an effective teaching style that allows people to participate in their learning.运用一种有效的培训风格让人们参与到学习中去。

5.otherwise conj. 否则;不然 adv. 用别的 方法 ;其他方面

Otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition.否则的话，你可能会有这样的问题，像红眼、眼痛或更严重的情形。

6.privilege n. 特权;荣幸

Having been born to privilege in old Hollywood，she was carrying on a family tradition by acting.她出身于过去好莱坞的名门，继承了当演员的家族传统。

7.donate v. 捐赠;捐献

She is willing to donate money to a worthy cause.她愿为高尚的事业捐款。

[快速闪记](1)donate...to... 把……捐给……同义短语：subscribe to，donate to，contribute to等。(2)donation n. 捐款;捐赠donor n. 捐赠者;输血者

8.voluntary adj. 自愿的;志愿的;无偿的

We run the meals-on-wheels service on a voluntary basis.我们根据自愿的原则，开展上门送饭的服务。

9.distribute vt. 分配;散布;分开distribution n. 分配;分发

10.operate vi. ①操作;运转 ②起作用;奏效 ③(常与on连用)动手术;开刀 vt. ①操作;开动 ②经营③对……动手术

For most people，it's almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse...对大多数人而言，没有鼠标几乎无法操作电脑……

[快速闪记]operation n. [C] &[U]①操作;工作;运转 ②手术 ③作战(行动)operator n. [C]话务员;操作员;经营者;企业主

Ⅱ. 高频短语必会

1.hear from 接到……来信

2.(be) dying to 极想;渴望

3.the other day 不久前的一天

4.dry out (使浸水之物等) 完全变干;干透

5.dry up (指河流、井等) 干涸

6.in need 在困难中;在危急中

Ⅲ. 写作句式必学

1.Thanks for your letter，which took a fortnight to arrive.谢谢你的来信，这封信两星期才到。

2.There is no electricity or water and even no textbook either.这儿没有电，也没有水，甚至连课本也没有。

3.Once the fire was going，he laid stones on it.一旦火着起来后，他往火里扔几块石头。

高中英语选修七课文知识3

Ⅰ. 常考单词必背

1.annual adj. 每年的;年度的n. 年刊;年鉴

Our school's annual sports day took place yesterday in 30-degree heat.昨天，学校一年一度的运动会在30度的高温下举行了。

2.witness vt. 目击;当场见到n. 目击者;证人

The driving we have witnessed was beyond belief.我们亲眼目睹的驾车场面令人难以置信。

3.opposite adj. (无比较级) ①对面的;相对的②(截然)相反的;对立的n. [C] 反义词 ;对立面prep.在……的对面

We have opposite views on politics.我们的政治观点不同。

She observed a man walking on the opposite side of the way.她注意到一个人在路的对面走着。

4.pause n. [C]中止;停顿;暂停vi. 中止;停顿;暂停

She talked for an hour and a half without pause.她连续说了一个半小时，中间没有停歇。

After you introduce the topic，pause to hear what your partner says.在你引入了这个话题后，停下来听听你的伙伴怎么说。

5.flee(fled，fled) vt. 逃离;逃避vi. 逃走;逃避

Many of the people have fled to the mountains to escape the floods.许多人为躲避洪水都逃到了山上。

The smile fled from his face.他脸上的笑容倾刻时消失了。

6.drag vt. 拖拽;吃力地往前拉vi.落后;缓慢前进 n. 拖，拉; 累赘

We all have a good laugh，so the time never drags.我们经常笑得很开心，所以时间过得快。

She dragged herself out of bed，still half asleep.她挣扎着起了床，还是睡眼惺忪。

7.urge vt. 催促;极力主张;驱策

They urged me to eat (into eating) the strange food.他们怂恿我吃那种奇怪的食物。

He urged that we (should) take such steps.他极力主张我们采取这些 措施 。

8.abandon/?'b?nd?n/ vt. 放弃;遗弃 n. [U]放任;狂放

Don't abandon yourself to despair.不要自暴自弃。

[快速闪记](1)abandon...to... 把……遗弃给……with abandon 放肆地(2)abandoned adj. 被抛弃的;报废的(3)abandon oneself to(to为介词) 沉溺于;纵情

同义短语：apply oneself to，devote oneself to，resign oneself to等。

9.target n. 目标;靶子;受批评的对象

I aimed the gun carefully at the target.我小心地用枪瞄准了目标。

10.sharp adj. ①锋利的;尖的 ②敏锐的;机警的 ③尖刻的;严厉的

Mary，who has sharp eyes，can see through others.玛丽，目光敏锐，能看透别人。

[快速闪记]sharpen vt. 磨快;使敏捷;使尖锐sharpener n. [C]磨具;卷笔刀

Ⅱ. 高频短语必会

1.help(...) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危险

cannot help doing sth 禁不住做某事

2.be/become aware of 对……知道、明白;意识到……

3.upside down 上下翻转

4.(be)scared to death吓死了

Ⅲ. 写作句式必学

1.As I was sorting out my accommodation，I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.正在我找住处的时候，我听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。

2.This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。

3.Being badly wounded，the whale soon died.由于严重受伤，鲸鱼很快就死了。

高中英语选修七课文知识4

Ⅰ. 常考单词必背

1.desire n.渴望;愿望;欲望v.渴望;向往;要求

We all desire happiness and health.

我们都想得到幸福和健康。

[快速闪记]

(1)have a strong desire to do sth 迫切想要做某事

(2)have a strong desire for sth 急于想得到某物

desire to do sth 渴望做某事

desire sb to do sth 想要某人做某事

desire that主语+should+动词原形，should可以省略。

(3)desirable adj. 令人满意的

desired adj. 渴望的;想得到的

2.alarm n.警报;惊恐vt. 使警觉;使惊恐;惊动

I forgot to set my alarm and I overslept.

我忘了定闹钟，结果睡过了头。

They were alarmed by a sudden attack.

突然袭击使他们大为惊恐。

3.sympathy n.同情

I have a lot of sympathy for him;he brought up his two children on his own.

我非常同情他，他独自把两个孩子养大。

[快速闪记]

(1)feel/have great sympathy for sb 对某人深感同情

with sympathy 同情地

(2)sympathetic adj. 同情的;支持的

sympathize/sympathise vi. ①同情;怜悯 ②体谅;赞同

4.favo(u)r n.[U]喜爱;恩惠;赞同vt. 喜爱;支持;赞成

The idea is beginning to gain widespread favour.

这种意见开始赢得广泛赞同。

[快速闪记]

(1)in favour of 赞同;支持

in sb 's favour 对某人有利

do sb a favour/do a favour for sb 帮某人一个忙

ask sb a favour=ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙

(2)favourable adj. 赞同的;有利的

favourite adj.&n.特别喜爱的(东西)

5.pile n.[C] ①一堆②大量 vt.&vi. 堆积;积聚

The leaves had been swept into huge piles.

树叶被扫成了一大堆一大堆的。

[快速闪记]

a pile of 一堆

piles of 一堆堆的

pile up 堆积

6.absurd adj. 荒谬的;可笑的

He felt it was absurd to be filled with hatred for someone he had never met.

他觉得对从未见过的人充满仇恨可真是荒谬。

7. accompany vt. ①陪伴;伴随 ②伴随发生(with) ③伴奏(+on/at)

Friends，in this time of happiness，joy and goodwill to accompany you! 朋友，在这幸福的时光里，让快乐和美好永远陪伴着你!

[快速闪记]

(1)accompany sb to someplace 陪伴某人去某地

accompany sb on/at 用……给某人伴奏

accompany...with/by 与……同时存在或发生

(2)keep sb company 陪伴某人

in company with 与……一起

8.declare v.宣布(声明);申报;声明

He declared that he would fight for his right.

他宣称要为他的权利而斗争。

[快速闪记]

declaration n.宣言，布告，公告，声明

declare against 声明反对

declare sth to sb/sth 向……表明自己的观点

declare...open/close 宣布……开始/结束

declared war on 向……宣战

9.talent n.天才;特殊能力

Which of them has more musical talent is open to debate.

他们之中谁更有音乐天赋还未有定论。

10.obey vt.&vi.服从;听从;遵守

disobey v.不服从;违抗

A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings.

机器人必须遵守人类的指令。

obey the rules 遵守规则

Ⅱ. 高频短语必会

1.test out 实验;考验

2.ring up 给……打电话

3.turn around 转身;翻转

4.set aside 将……放在一边;为……节省或保留

5.in all 总共;总计

6.be bound to 一定做……

Ⅲ. 写作句式必学

1.It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。

2.As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant.

作为一个恩惠，托尼答应帮助克莱尔，使她更漂亮，使她的家更高雅。

3.She fell off a ladder and even though Tony was in the next room，he managed to catch her in time.

她从梯子上掉下来，尽管托尼在隔壁房间里，他还是及时(赶过来)把她接住了。

高中英语选修七课文知识5

Ⅰ. 常考单词必背

1.ambition n.雄心;野心ambitious adj. 有雄心的;有野心的

His only fault is that he lacks ambition.他唯一的不足是志向短小。

2.beneficial adj. 有益的;受益的benefit vt. 有益于 vi.受益;得到好处 n.好处;益处

Your medicine has benefited me much.你的药对我大有益处。

[快速闪记]benefit from 从……中受益be of benefit to 对……有益(=be beneficial to)for the benefit of 为……(的利益)

3.clumsy adj. 笨拙的

4.adapt vt.&vi. ①(使)适应②改编;改写

I suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions.我认为他应该使自己适应新的情况。

[快速闪记](1)adapt(oneself) to(doing) sth (使某人)适应(做)某事adapt...from... 根据……改编……be adapted for 为……而改编(2)adaptation n.[C] & [U] 适应;改编;改写本;改编的作品

5.absence n.①[C] & [U]缺席;不在②[U]缺乏

A stranger brought you this letter during your absence.你不在时，一个陌生人给你捎来了这封信。

[快速闪记](1)absence of mind 心不在焉in sb's absence 某人不在时in the absence of sth 缺乏某物(2)absent adj. ①缺席的;不在的 ②缺乏的be absent from 缺席……absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的

6.resign vi. 辞职;放弃vt. 辞去;放弃;把……交付(给)

All the employees resign because the employer is too unreasonable.因为老板太不讲理，雇员全体辞职。She resigned her baby to the care of her neighbour.她把婴儿托付给邻居照管。resign from a job 辞职

7.adequate adj. ①足够的②恰当的;胜任的

[快速闪记]be adequate for 足够……be adequate to do...... 胜任做……;足以做……

8.access n.①接近/进入的方法;到达/进入的权利②通道;入口

Only a few people have access to the full facts of the incident.只有几个人可以知道事件的全部真相。

[快速闪记]have/gain/get/obtain access to 可接近;可进入;可使用accessible/?k'ses?bl/ adj. 容易取得的;容易接近的;容易受影响的be accessible to 能接近……，可使用……

9.approval n.[C] & [U]赞成;同意;批准

Do the plans meet with your approval?这些计划你赞成吗?

[快速闪记](1)approve vt. 赞成;同意approve of sb's doing sth 同意某人做某事(2)without approval 未经许可give one's approval to 同意;批准

10.profit n.[C] & [U]利润;收益;利益;益处vt.&vi.有益(于);有利(于)

A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.一家在国内市场利润下降的公司可能会去国外谋求机会。It will profit us nothing to do that.做那事对我们没有任何好处。

Ⅱ. 高频短语必会

1.in other words 换句话说

[快速闪记]have a word with sb 与某人谈话keep/break one's word 遵守诺言/食言;失信beyond words 无法用语言表达

2.cut out 切下，裁剪

[快速闪记]cut across 抄近路cut away 切，剪，去掉cut down 减少，砍倒cut in 插嘴，插队cut off 切断，阻碍cut up 切碎，使悲痛，使伤心

3.out of breath 上气不接下气

Reaching the top of the tower，he was out of breath.到了塔顶他就上气不接下气了。

catch/hold one's breath 屏息;憋住气lose one's breath 喘不过气

4.all in all 总而言之5.sit around 闲坐着6.in many ways 在很多方面7.as well as 也;和8.make fun of 取笑9.never mind 不必担心10.meet with 遇到;经历;会晤

Ⅲ. 写作句式必学

1.Every time I returned after an absence，I felt stupid because I was behind the others.每次请过假之后，我觉得自己笨，因为比别人落后了一些。

2.Sometimes，too，I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.有时，我的身体也很虚弱，以至于不能去上学，因此我的学习受到了影响。

3.Just accept them for who they are，and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.接受他们，给予他们鼓励，让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩，充实美满。

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新课标高中英语选修6课文第二单元reading原文及翻译：A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMSThere are various reasons why people write poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. Others try to convey certain emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms.Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English is nursery rhymes. These rhymes like the one on the right (A) are still a common type of children's poetry. The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.A Hush, little baby, don't say a word,Papa's going to buy you a mockingbird.If that mockingbird won't sing,Papa's going to buy you a diamond ring.If that diamond ring turns to brass,Papa's going to buy you a looking-glass.If that looking-glass gets broke,Papa's going to buy you a billy-goat.If that billy-goat runs away,Papa's going to buy you another today.One of the simplest kinds of poems are those like B and C that list things. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C).BI saw a fish-pond all on firel saw a fish-pond all on fire,I saw a house bow to a squire,I saw a person twelve-feet high,I saw a cottage in the sky,I saw a balloon made of lead,I saw a coffin drop down dead,I saw two sparrows run a race,I saw two horses making lace,I saw a girl just like a cat,I saw a kitten wear a hat,I saw a man who saw these too,And said though strange they all were true.COur first football matchWe would have won ...if Jack had scored that goal,if we'd had just a few more minutes,if we had trained harder,if Ben had passed the ball to Joe,if we'd had thousands of fans screaming,if I hadn't taken my eye off the ball,if we hadn't stayed up so late the night before,if we hadn't taken it easy,if we hadn't run out of energy.We would have won ...if we'd been better! Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines. With these, students can convey a strong picture in just a few words. Look at the examples (D and E) on the top of the next page.DBrotherBeautiful, athleticTeasing, shouting, laughingFriend and enemy tooMineESummerSleepy, saltyDrying, drooping, dreadingWeek in, week outEndlessHaiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using the minimum of words. The two haiku poems (F and G) above are translations from the Japanese.FA fallen blossomIs coming back to the branch.Look, a butterfly!(by Moritake)Gwww.2abc8.comSnow having melted,The whole village is brimfulOf happy children.(by Issa)Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry — Tang poems from China in particular? A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English. This Tang poem (H) is atranslation from the Chinese.With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own. It is easier than you might think and certainly worth a try!HWhere she awaits her husbandOn and on the river flows.Never looking back,Transformed into stone.Day by day upon the mountain top,wind and rain revolve.Should the journeyer return,this stone would utter speech.译文人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。有些诗是为了叙事,或者说是描述某件事并给读者以强烈的印象。而有些诗则是为了传达某种感情。诗人用许多不同格式的诗来表达自己的情感。本文只谈了几种格式比较简 单的诗。孩子们最早学习的英文诗是童谣。像右边的这首童谣(A)至今仍然是常见的。童谣的语言具体但富 有想象力,这能使小孩子们快乐,因为它们押韵,节奏感强,并较多重复。童谣不一定有什么意义,甚至 (有的)看来自相矛盾,但是它们容易学,也容易背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏,孩子们学习了语言。 (A)小宝宝,别说话,爸爸给你买个小嘲鸟。小嘲鸟,不会唱,爸爸给你买个钻石戒。钻石戒,变成铜,爸爸给你买个小镜子。小镜子,打破了,爸爸给你买个小山羊。小山羊,跑掉了。爸爸今天再去给你买一只。像(B)和(C)这样的列举事物的清单诗是诗歌中最简单的一种。清单诗可长可短,可以重复一些 短语,较为灵活,形成固定句型和诗的节奏。有些清单诗有韵脚(如B) ,但有一些没有(如C)。(B)我看到鱼塘在燃烧我看到鱼塘在燃烧,我看到房子向地主哈腰。我看到人高一丈八,我看到茅屋在天郊。我看到汽球用铝做,我看到棺材把死人抛。 我看到两只麻雀在赛跑,我看到两匹马儿绣花包。我看到姑娘像只猫,我看到小猫戴花帽。我看到有人在一旁瞄,虽奇怪,但也把实情报。(C)我们的第一场球赛 我们本来会得冠….. .如果杰克踢进了那个球,如果我们还有几分钟,如果我们训练得更严格,如果本把球传给了乔,如果有大批球迷助威,如果我死死盯住球,如果我们头晚不熬夜,如果我们没有放松警惕,如果我们没有精疲力竭,我们本来是会得冠......如果我们能干得更好!另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的,叫做五行诗。用五行诗,学生可以用少量的词语传递一幅动人的画面。请看下一页上端的D和E两个例子。(D)兄弟爱美,又爱运动爱闹,爱叫,又爱笑是我的朋友也是我的敌人(E)夏天困乏,咸涩干润,枯萎,恐怖周而复始 永无止境徘句诗(Haiku)是一种日本诗,由17个音节组成。它不属英诗的传统形式,但是在用英语写作的人 们中间,这种诗也是很流行的。它容易写,而且像五行诗一样,它可以用最少的词语呈现出一幅清晰的画面,表达出一种特殊的感情。下面两首徘句诗(右边的F和G)就是从日文翻译出来的。(F)落下的花朵回到了树枝上。瞧啊,是个蝴蝶!(G)雪儿融化了,整个村庄充满着欢乐的儿童。(作者: Issa)(H)望夫石王健望夫处,江悠悠。化为石,不回头。山头日日风复雨,行人归来石应语。

A Night the Earth didn’t Sleep Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual the night. At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed of injured reached more than 400,000. But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly every thing was destroyed. All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for traveling. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.Reading地球的一个不眠之夜河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生：三天来，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。农夫注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒出臭气。农家大院里的鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。鱼缸和池塘里的鱼会往外跳。在1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光。即使天空没有飞机，在唐山城外也可以听到飞机声。在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。在凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来。世界似乎到了末日！二十世纪最大的一次地震就在唐山市正下方11公里处发生了。100公里以外的北京市都感到了地震，全国1 / 3的地方都有震感。一条8公里长30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道。地上一些洞穴冒出了蒸气。石头山变成了泥沙河，在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。人们遭受的灾难极为深重。2/3的人在地震中死去或受伤。成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。死伤的人数达到40多万。幸存的人们又怎么能相信这是自然现象呢？人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。所有的市内医院、75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园都消失了。残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地，然而它们是不可能被风刮走的。两座大坝垮了，多数桥梁不是塌了就是无法安全通行了。铁轨如今成了一条条废钢。好几万头牛再也挤不出奶来。50万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山。有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。更多的房屋倒塌了。水、电和食物都很难弄到。人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。不是所有的希望都破灭了。地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山来协助救援人员，数十万的人得到了救助。部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。在唐山市的北边，有一个万名矿工的煤矿，其中多数人得救了。援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所，用火车、卡车和飞机向市内运来了水。慢慢地、慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。Elias’ Story My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. I could not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work. The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could. He said: “The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping out rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.” It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there. In fact as Nelson Mandela said: “…we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government. We chose to attack the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.” As a matter of fact, I do not like violence… but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.伊莱亚斯的故事我的名字叫伊莱亚斯。我是南非的一个穷苦的黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。（当时）我才12岁，那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。他为那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。由于我所受的教育很少，所以我需要他的帮助。我六岁开始上学，我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远。我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法继续支付学费和交通费。我既不太会读，也不怎么会写。几经周折，我才在一家金矿找到一份工作。然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我是不是会失业。纳尔逊·曼德拉给予我帮助的那一天是我一生中最高兴的日子。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未来又充满了希望。我永远也忘记不了他对我的恩情，当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”他说的是真话。当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。他们不能做自己想要做的工作。他们所能住的城区都是由白人决定的。他们被打发去住的城外地区是南非最贫穷的地区。在那儿，没有人能够种庄稼。事实上，就像拉尔逊·曼德拉所说的：“……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律，而当这种方式也得不到允许时，……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”事实上，我并不喜欢暴力，……但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能就会被关进监狱。但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。