英语宾语从句小报

先放例子找感觉：~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~宾语从句用作宾语。如： Do you know where he lives?定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如： The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.This is the man whom he is looking for. Do you know the girl who is in red? 语法~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~宾语从句的用法 1.that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外： （1）介词宾语从句的that不省略 （2） and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。 He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college. （3）在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。 I heard it said that he had gone abroad We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time 2.Whether ,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外： （1）whether从句中有or not （2）whether从句做介词宾语 Everything depends on whether you agree with us 3.许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。结构常是： 主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句 We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone 4.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序 定语从句的用法 (一) 定语从句的作用 作用 在句子中作定语,修饰句子中的某一名词或代词,从句须放在先行词之后。 关联词 关联词用于引导一个定语从句,代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分。 (二) 关系代词的作用 作用 例 句 1.作主语 1. The student who is talking with the monitor is Lucy.（指人作主语） 2. A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.（指物作主语） 2.作表语 3.She is no longer the girl that she used to be.（指人作表语） 3.作宾语 4The student whom (who)you want to see has come already.（指人作宾语） 5.The letter which I received yesterday was from a friend of mine.（指物作宾语） 4.作定语 6.The girl whose mother is a teacher studies very hard.（指人作定语） (三) 须用that引导的定语从句 情 况 例 句 nothing,everything,anything,much, all,little等不定代词作先行词时，常用that引导从句.something两者均可。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 2.指物的先行词前被序数词修饰时。 The first thing that we should do is to help him. 3.指物的先行词前被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best foreign film that I have ever seen. 4.指物的先行词前被the very, the only, the same修饰时。 That’s the very tool that we are looking for. 5.先行词既指人又指物时。 They talked about the things and friends that they could remember. 6.主句是由Who/Which引导的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the man that is standing over there? Which is the tool that you are looking for? (四).不可由that引导的定语从句 1.在非限制性定语从句中。 Mr Smith ,who lives in Chicago, is a doctor . 2.关系代词在从句中作前置介词的宾语时。 This is the room in which Mr Liu once lived . 3.由that作先行词时。 The bread which is made by my mother is better than that which is sold in food shops. 4.someone.somebody,nobody,anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody等指物的不定代词作先行词时。 Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. （五）.非限制性定语从句的特点：1.不能用that引导定语从句。2.关系代词不能省略。 （六）关系副词的用法：关系副词代替先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当状语。 1． When指代表示时间的先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当时间状语。例如： October 1，1949 was the day when（=on which） the People’s Republic of China was founded. 2． Where指代先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当地点状语。例如： We will visit the house where(=in which)Lu Xun was born. 3. why代替先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当原因状语.例如: Who can tell me the reason why(=for which) Tom was absent today? 你说的特例是有几个~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~What's the matter是不变语序的没几个吧。。。印象种就这个了

一.宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序.谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句.有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句. 二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：who, whose, what ,which 副词：when ,where, how, why 等. （一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有： say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, declare, report等. 例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. 注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示. 例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that. 在以下情况中that不能省略当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省. 例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省. 例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省. 例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died. 注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示. 例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that. 在以下情况中that不能省略当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省. 例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省. 例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省. 例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语. 例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time. （二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的.意思是“是否”.宾语从句要用陈述句语序.一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的. 例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party. 只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句在带to的不定式前 例句：We decided whether to walk there. 在介词的后面 例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.在动词后面的宾语从句时 例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week直接与or not连用时 例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果” 例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. if引导否定概念的宾语从句时 例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时 例句：He talks as if he has known all about it. （三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序.用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等. 英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语. 例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for? 英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分. 例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分.例句如下： I don’t know what they are looking for.Could you tell me when the train will leave?Can you imagine what kind of man he is? 四.宾语从句的时态主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态. 例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式. 例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态. 例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 五.宾语从句的特点宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,多数情况下可以省略.whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句,但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语.如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.

1.一般现在时：表示现在的状态、经常的或习惯性的动作、主语具备的性格和能力等。基本结构：主语+be/do+其他。

2.一般过去时：表示过去某个时间内(或某一段时间内)发生的动作或存在的状态，过去经常或反复发生的动作。基本结构：主语+动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词。

3.一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作、打算、计划或准备做某事。基本结构：主语+am/is/are+going to + do sth;主语+will/shall+do sth

4.一般过去将来时：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。基本结构：主语+was/were+going to+do+ 其它 ;主语+would/should+do+其它。

5.现在进行时：表示现在(说话时)或当前阶段正在进行或发生的动作。基本结构：主语+be+doing+其它。

6.过去进行时：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。基本结构：主语+was/were+doing+其它。

7.将来进行时：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、请求等。基本结构：主语+shall/will+be+现在分词+其它。

8.过去将来进行时：表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，主要用于宾语从句中，尤其多用于间接引语中。基本结构：should/would+be+现在分词。

9.现在完成时：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。基本结构：主语+have/has+p.p(过去分词)+其它。

10.过去完成时：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。基本结构：主语+had+p.p(过去分词)+其它。