CYGUANGZHOU
一、谓语动词和非谓语动词
从是否能充当句子中的谓语来看，动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词两大类。
1、谓语动词
有人称和数的变化。如：He is a tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。
2、非谓语动词
非谓语动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，在句子里都不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。如：I am pleased to meet you.我很高兴与你相识。(动词不定式)
二、实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词
从其含义来分，动词有实义动词(notional verb)，连系动词(link verb)，情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。
1、实义动词
实义动词有完全的词义，并能独立作谓语动词。
如：The sun shone brightly this morning.
今天早晨阳光灿烂。
2、连系动词
连系动词在句中作谓语动词，后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是)，seem(似乎)，look(看来)，keep(保持)，become(变成)，get(变得)，grow(变得)，feel(感到)，turn(变得，变成)，appear(显得)，remain(仍旧是)等。
如：It is never too late to mend.
改过不嫌晚。
3、情态动词
情态动词有can (能)，may (可以，也许)，must(必须)等，表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。
4、助动词
助动词有shall，will，have，be，should，wonld， do等。它们只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式，以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。
三、及物动词和不及物动词
从是否能直接跟宾语来分，实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。
1、及物动词
后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。
如：I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.
我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
2、不及物动词
本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。
如：It happened in June 1932.
这件事发生于一九三；年六月。
3、兼作及物动词和不及物动词
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：
a) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较：
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)
b) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。
如：Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
四、情态动词
在行为动词、连系动词以外，还有两类动词，其中之一就是情态动词。从字面上看，我们就知道这是表示“感情与态度”的动词。
比如：I can do it without much difficulty. （能够，表示自信）
事实上，情态动词的英文说法modal verb，还是值得推敲的。modal，来自于名词mode，和modality（模式，方式）紧密相关，包括likelihood可能性, ability 能力, permission 许可与obligation责任这四种模式。
情态动词自身所具备的意义一般来说也是不完整的，不过和需要涉及其他事物的及物动词不同，情态动词不涉及其他事物，需要的是其他动词，即行为动词和连系动词，来配合使用。
一般来说情态动词是不能用作行为动词的，但也有例外，比如need，既可以用作情态动词，也可以是行为动词，看它的后面跟的是什么。
五、助动词
还有一类动词，也是意义上不完整、需要配合行为动词、连系动词使用的，那就是助动词。顾名思义，助动词就是用来帮助主要动词构成谓语的。
主要包括进行时态的be（is / am / are / was / were）、一般时态的do / does / did，将来时态的will / shall / would / should和完成时态的have / has / had。这种动词的英文名称叫auxiliary verb，简写是v. aux.。
guodong930
1.If I were not Alexander,then I should wish tobe Diogenes. 2.Never despair.But if you do,work on indespair. 3.Those who dream by day are cognizant of manythings which escape those who dream only by night. 4.One morning I awoke to find myself famous. 5.That’s the reason why they’re called lessons,because they lessen from day to day. 6.Bring me my costume for the Swan Dance. 7.A man of genius makes no mistakes.His errorsare volitional and are the portals of discovery. 8.Genius is one per cent of inspiration andninety-nine per cent of perspiration. 9.Yet it does move. 10.Give me a laundry list and I’ll set it to music. 11.Much reading is an oppression of the mind,andextinguishes the natural candle. 12.The more the marble wastes the more the statuegrows. 13.He who sleeps in continual noise is awakened bysilence. 14.A variety of nothing is better than a monotonyof something. 15.I haven’t got time to be tired. 16.Plain living and high thinking. 17.No matter where this body is,the mind is free. 18.Law is a bottomless pit. 19.Blessed is he who expects nothing,for he shall never be disappointed. 20.A man of sixty has spent 20 years in bed and over 3 years in eating. 21.If all women had the same face,men would not beunfaithful. 22.The true comes in,the false goes away. 23.Man is born free,and everywhere he is inchains. 24.Nature never deceives us; it is always we whodeceive ourselves. 25.It is not who is right,but what is right,thatis of importance. 26.I often say a great doctor kills more peoplethan a great general. 27.A happy marriage is a long conversation thatalways seems too short. 28.I never found the companion that was socompanionable as solitude. 29.When a dog bites a man that is not news,butwhen a man bites a dog that is news. 30.Shakespeare gives the greatest width of human passion; Dante the greatest altitude and greatest depth.
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