文化交流英语单词

Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate")[1] generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance. Cultures can be "understood as systems of symbols and meanings that even their creators contest, that lack fixed boundaries, that are constantly in flux, and that interact and compete with one another"文化（来自于colere的拉丁文化，意为“培养”）1通常指的是人类活动的模式和赋予这些活动意义和重要性的符号结构。文化可以被“理解为符号和意义的系统，即使是他们的创造者，缺乏固定的边界，不断变化，相互影响，相互竞争”。Culture can be defined as all the ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generation. Culture has been called "the way of life for an entire society."[3] As such, it includes codes of manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, norms of behavior such as law and morality, and systems of belief as well as the art.文化可以被定义为所有的生活方式，包括艺术、信仰和人口的制度，这些都是代代相传的。文化被称为“整个社会的生活方式”。因此，它包括礼仪、服饰、语言、宗教、仪式、行为规范，如法律和道德，以及信仰和艺术。Cultural anthropologists most commonly use the term "culture" to refer to the universal human capacity and activities to classify, codify and communicate their experiences materially and symbolically. Scholars have long viewed this capacity as a defining feature of humans (although some primatologists have identified aspects of culture such as learned tool making and use among humankind's closest relatives in the animal kingdom).文化人类学家最常使用“文化”一词来指代人类的普遍能力和活动，从物质上和象征意义上对他们的经历进行分类、编纂和交流。长期以来，学者们一直认为这种能力是人类的一个决定性特征（尽管一些灵长类动物学家已经确定了文化的某些方面，比如在动物王国中人类最亲密的亲戚之间的学习工具制造和使用）。Culture is manifested in human artifacts and activities such as music, literature, lifestyle, food, painting and sculpture, theater and film.[5] Although some scholars identify culture in terms of consumption and consumer goods (as in high culture, low culture, folk culture, or popular culture),[6] anthropologists understand "culture" to refer not only to consumption goods, but to the general processes which produce such goods and give them meaning, and to the social relationships and practices in which such objects and processes become embedded. For them, culture thus includes art, science, as well as moral systems.文化表现在人类的手工艺品和活动中，如音乐、文学、生活方式、食物、绘画和雕塑、戏剧和电影。尽管一些学者而言,识别文化消费和消费品(如文化高、低文化、民俗文化,或流行文化),人类学家理解“文化”不仅指消费产品,但一般流程生产这样的产品,给他们的含义,以及社会关系和实践成为嵌入的对象和过程。对他们来说，文化包括艺术、科学和道德体系。Various definitions of culture reflect differing theories for understanding, or criteria for evaluating, human activity. Writing from the perspective of social anthropology in the UK, Tylor in 1874 described culture in the following way: "Culture or civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society."不同的文化定义反映了不同的理解理论，或者是评估人类活动的标准。写作从社会人类学的角度在英国,泰勒1874年文化在以下描述道:“文化或文明,在其广泛的人类学的意义上说,是复杂的整体,其中包括知识,信仰,艺术,道德,法律,习俗,和任何其他的能力和习惯被人作为社会的一员。”Rock engravings in Gobustan, Azerbaijan indicate a thriving culture dating around 10,000 BC.More recently, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco) (2002) described culture as follows: "... culture should be regarded as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs".阿塞拜疆哥布斯坦的岩石雕刻表明，在公元前1万年左右，一种繁荣的文化。最近，联合国教育、科学及文化组织（教科文组织）（2002年）将文化描述为："。文化应被视为社会或社会群体的一套独特的精神、物质、智力和情感特征，除了艺术和文学之外，它还包括生活方式、生活方式、价值体系、传统和信仰。While these two definitions cover a range of meaning, they do not exhaust the many uses of the term "culture." In 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions.虽然这两个定义涵盖了一系列的含义，但它们并没有耗尽“文化”这个词的许多用法。1952年，Alfred Kroeber和Clyde Kluckhohn编制了一份文化中“文化”的164个定义：对概念和定义的批判性回顾。These definitions, and many others, provide a catalog of the elements of culture. The items catalogued (e.g., a law, a stone tool, a marriage) each have an existence and life-line of their own. They come into space-time at one set of coordinates and go out of it another. While here, they change, so that one may speak of the evolution of the law or the tool.这些定义，以及其他许多定义，提供了文化元素的目录。编目的项目（例如，法律、石器、婚姻）各有其自身的存在和生命线。它们在一组坐标中进入时空，然后从另一组坐标中走出来。在这里，他们改变了，所以人们可能会谈论法律或工具的演变。A culture, then, is by definition at least, a set of cultural objects. Anthropologist Leslie White asked: "What sort of objects are they? Are they physical objects? Mental objects? Both? Metaphors? Symbols? Reifications?" In Science of Culture (1949), he concluded that they are objects "sui generis"; that is, of their own kind. In trying to define that kind, he hit upon a previously unrealized aspect of symbolization, which he called "the symbolate"—an object created by the act of symbolization. He thus defined culture as "symbolates understood in an extra-somatic context."[10] The key to this definition is the discovery of the symbolate.因此，一种文化，至少从定义上来说，是一套文化对象。人类学家莱斯利怀特问道：“他们是什么东西？”他们是物理对象吗?精神的对象?都有?比喻吗?符号?一个个符号吗?”在文化科学（1949年）中，他得出结论，他们是“隋代”的对象;这是他们自己的。在试图定义这种类型的时候，他偶然发现了一个以前未实现的符号化的方面，他称之为“符号化”——一个由符号化行为创造的物体。因此，他将文化定义为“在非肉体环境中理解的符号”。这个定义的关键是发现了符号。

一般聊天谈话的「交流」: communicate(v.) / communication(n.)学术、文化上的「交流」: exchange (v. / n.)

diffusion 看到有的公司用diffusion的 也看到有的用Communication的没看到用Dissemination的 强调文化交流 或是各方面交流的 还是用Communication吧

文化英文：culture ，读音：英 ['kʌltʃə(r)] 美 ['kʌltʃər]

n.文化；教养；栽培

vt. 培养，栽培

词汇搭配

1、lack culture 缺乏修养

2、ethnic culture 民族文化

3、human culture 人类文化

4、western culture 西方文化

常见句型：

1、Universities are centers of culture.

大学是文化中心。

2、He has studied the cultures of the Eastern countries.

他研究过东方国家的文化。

3、She has studied the cultures of Oriental countries.

她研究过东方各国的文化。

1、词源解说

15世纪中期进入英语，直接源自古典拉丁语的cultura，意为倾向。

2、词语用法

culture常用作不可数名词,当表示某一特定形式的文化或某种类型的文化时，可用于复数形式。

3、同义词：civilization

读音：英 [ˌsɪvəlaɪ'zeɪʃn]   美 [ˌsɪvələ'zeɪʃn]

释义：n. 文明；开化；教养

例句：Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world.

中国文化是世界上最古老的文化之一。

交流英文是exchange

文化的英文：culture

1、读作：英 ['kʌltʃə]  美 ['kʌltʃɚ]

2、翻译：

3、词组：

traditional culture 传统文化

corporate culture 企业文化，公司文化

enterprise culture 企业文化

western culture 西方文化

national culture 民族文化

campus culture 校园文化

tissue culture 组织培养；体素培养

local culture 本土文化；地方文化

popular culture 大众文化，通俗文化；流行文化

4、例句：

文化教育是Cultural educatian，而不用culture education，因为cultural是形容词，“文化的”，可以用来修饰名词education，culture是名词，不能用来修饰名词

culture。文化，天地万物(包括人)的信息的产生融汇渗透（过程）。文化（culture）是一个非常广泛的概念，给它下一个严格和精确的定义是一件非常困难的事情。不少哲学家、社会学家、人类学家、历史学家和语言学家一直努力，试图从各自学科的角度来界定文化的概念。然而，迄今为止仍没有获得一个公认的、令人满意的定义。笼统地说，文化是一种社会现象，是人们长期创造形成的产物，同时又是一种历史现象，是社会历史的积淀物。确切地说，文化是凝结在物质之中又游离于物质之外的，能够被传承的国家或民族的历史、地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范、思维方式、价值观念等，是人类之间进行交流的普遍认可的一种能够传承的意识形态。一站式出国留学攻略

Interact 才是正确的

communicate A with B.名词是communiaction.