• 回答数

    3

  • 浏览数

    205

李小姐梦游记
首页 > 英语培训 > ted中英文对照

3个回答 默认排序
  • 默认排序
  • 按时间排序

壹秒钟变rabbiT

已采纳

“英语像是一块伟大的海绵,融合了许多种语言,但它也有缺憾。希腊语中有一个词叫lachesism,意思是渴望灾难,比如你在海平面上看到雷雨,为暴风雨的到来而欢呼雀跃。波兰语中有一个词叫jouska,它代表着你脑海中不断出现且无法停止的假象对话。”John Koenig花7年时间编撰了一本字典,名为《晦涩情感词语字典》下面是我为大家收集关于TED英文演讲:用新词改变世界,欢迎借鉴参考。

演讲者:John Koenig

中英对照翻译

Today I want to talk about the meaning of words, how we define them and how they, almost as revenge,define us.

今天我想和大家谈谈单词的含义,我们是如何定义它们的,反过来它们又是如何,像复仇一般的 定义了我们。英语语言就像是一块华丽的吸水海绵,

The English language is a magnificent sponge. I love the English language. I'm glad that I speak it. But for all that, it has a lot of holes. In Greek, there's a word, "lachesism" which is the hunger for disaster. You know, when you see a thunderstorm on the horizon and you just find yourself rooting for the storm.

我喜爱英语,很高兴我会说英语,但是,它依然有很多缺陷。在希腊语中有一个词,“Lachesism",意思是对灾难的渴求,就像是当你看到远方地平线的雷雨,发现自己已对风暴做好了一切准备。

In Mandarin, they have a word "yù yī" -- I'm not pronouncing that correctly -- which means the longing to feel intensely again the way you did when you were a kid. In Polish, they have a word "jouska" which is the kind of hypothetical conversation that you compulsively play out in your head. And finally, in German, of course in German, they have a word called "zielschmerz" which is the dread of getting what you want.

在中文里,有一个词叫“yù yī ” —— 不好意思,我发音不准—— 意思是希望再次强烈体会到当你还是个孩子时的感觉。在波兰语里,他们有一个词叫“Jouska", 形容一种假想的对话,在自己的脑海里被迫上演。最后,在德语里,当然,是德语。他们有一个词叫做“Zielschmerz”,意思是害怕得到你想要的。

Finally fulfilling a lifelong dream. I'm German myself, so I know exactly what that feels like.

虽然最后实现了你毕生的梦想。我自己是个德国人,所以很了解那是什么感觉。

Now, I'm not sure if I would use any of these words as I go about my day, but I'm really glad they exist. But the only reason they exist is because I made them up.

在我的日常生活里,不确定我会不会用这些词,但是我对这些单词的存在感到高兴。仅仅因为,我编造了它们。

I am the author of "The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows," which I've been writing for the last seven years. And the whole mission of the project is to find holes in the language of emotion and try to fill them so that we have a way of talking about all those human peccadilloes and quirks of the human condition that we all feel but may not think to talk about because we don't have the words to do it.

我是《自造词典》的创始人,(The Dictionary of ObscureSorrows) 这是我在过去七年里所编写的东西。整个计划的目标,是为了找到语言情感里的漏洞,去填补它们,如此我们就有了一种全新的方式 去讨论人类情感里的种种小缺失,那种我们常常能感受,却无法去形容的概念,因为我们没有适合的词去表达。

And about halfway through this project, I defined "sonder," the idea that we all think of ourselves as the main character and everyone else is just extras. But in reality, we're all the main character, and you yourself are an extra in someone else's story.

在我的计划进行了一半的时候,我创造了一个词“Sonder”,这个点子是关于我们把自己想象成世间的主角,其他人都是临时演员。但是在现实中,你认为自己是主角,可是你在其他人的故事中却只是个配角罢了。

And so as soon as I published that, I got a lot of response from people saying, "Thank you for giving voice to something I had felt all my life but there was no word for that." So it made them feel less alone. That's the power of words, to make us feel less alone.

当我发表了这一想法时,很多人来告诉我,“谢谢你,你为我一生都感觉到却一直没能找到合适的词去表达的感觉下了定义。” 这使得他们不再那么孤单。这就是文字的魅力,让我们不再孤独。

And it was not long after that that I started to notice sonder being used earnestly in conversations online,and not long after I actually noticed it, I caught it next to me in an actual conversation in person. There is no stranger feeling than making up a word and then seeing it take on a mind of its own. I don't have a word for that yet, but I will.

在那不久以后,我开始注意到Sonder这个词,很多人真的已经开始在 网络交谈中使用了,就在我注意到这个没多久,我就发现这个词已经用在我身边人与人直接的交谈中了。没有什么感觉比 自己造了一个单词,然后发现它被所有人 所接受更奇怪了。现在还没有能形容这种感觉的词,但我会造一个出来的。

I'm working on it.

我已经在想了。

I started to think about what makes words real, because a lot of people ask me, the most common thing I got from people is, "Well, are these words made up? I don't really understand." And I didn't really know what to tell them because once sonder started to take off, who am I to say what words are real and what aren't.

我开始想,到底是什么让一个单词具象化,因为很多人问过我,我也最常听到的提问是,“好吧,这些单词是造出来的?我真的不明白。” 我也真的不知道该怎么解释,因为一旦sonder开始流行起来,我又该跟谁说哪些单词是真实的,哪些不是?

And so I sort of felt like Steve Jobs, who described his epiphany as when he realized that most of us, as we go through the day, we just try to avoid bouncing against the walls too much and just sort of get on with things.But once you realize that people -- that this world was built by people no smarter than you, then you can reach out and touch those walls and even put your hand through them and realize that you have the power to change it.

我有点感觉像是乔布斯在描述他的顿悟,当他意识到,我们中的很多人在生活中,都在为了避免给自己制造太多的麻烦,只是希望一切都顺利。但是一旦你了解到那些人—— 了解到这个世界是由并不比 你聪明多少的人所建立的,那么你就会试着去跨越这些高墙,甚至会用手去推翻它们,你就会意识到,原来你也有改变世界的力量。

And when people ask me, "Are these words real?" I had a variety of answers that I tried out. Some of them made sense. Some of them didn't. But one of them I tried out was, "Well, a word is real if you want it to be real." The way that this path is real because people wanted it to be there.

当人们问我,“这些单词是真的吗?” 我曾经准备了很多答案。有些可以理解,有些却行不通。但是我的一个答案是,“单词唯有你想要它是真的时候,它才会变成真的。” 这条路之所以会存在,是因为人们都想要它存在。

It happens on college campuses all the time. It's called a "desire path."

这种路在大学校园里随处可见,我叫它“渴望之路“。

But then I decided, what people are really asking when they're asking if a word is real, they're really asking,"Well, how many brains will this give me access to?" Because I think that's a lot of how we look at language.A word is essentially a key that gets us into certain people's heads. And if it gets us into one brain, it's not really worth it, not really worth knowing. Two brains, eh, it depends on who it is. A million brains, OK, now we're talking. And so a real word is one that gets you access to as many brains as you can. That's what makes it worth knowing.

但是之后,当他们问 这个单词是否是真的,他们其实是在问,“好吧,通过这个单词我又能读懂几个人的内心呢?” 因为我觉得这就是我们怎么看待语言的。单词的本质就是一把钥匙,一把开启人们内心的钥匙。如果这把钥匙只能走进你一个人心里,这真的不值得,也没什么必要存在。如果能读懂两个人,嗯,这要看另一个是谁。如果能走进千千万万的内心,很好,这就是我们现在对话的意义。所以一个真实存在的单词,能帮助你了解很多人。这就是一个单词的意义。

Incidentally, the realest word of all by this measure is this.[O.K.]

顺便一提,用这种方式获得的最真实的一个词是:【O. K.】

That's it. The realest word we have. That is the closest thing we have to a master key. That's the most commonly understood word in the world, no matter where you are. The problem with that is, no one seems to know what those two letters stand for.

就是这个。这是我们最真实的单词。这就是我们最熟悉的单词。同时也是这个世界上 被最多人所熟知的词,无论你来自哪里,问题是,没人知道为什么要用这两个字母。

Which is kind of weird, right? I mean, it could be a misspelling of "all correct," I guess, or "old kinderhook."No one really seems to know, but the fact that it doesn't matter says something about how we add meaning to words. The meaning is not in the words themselves. We're the ones that pour ourselves into it.

这是不是有点不可思议?我猜它可能是 “All Correct”(都对)的错误拼写,或者是“Old Kinderhook”的错误拼写。似乎没人知道为什么,但是这都无所谓了,这说明了我们是如何 给词语赋予含义的。单词的含义不在于单词本身,而是在于那些赋予单词意义的人们。

And I think, when we're all searching for meaning in our lives, and searching for the meaning of life, I think words have something to do with that. And I think if you're looking for the meaning of something, the dictionary is a decent place to start. It brings a sense of order to a very chaotic universe. Our view of things is so limited that we have to come up with patterns and shorthands and try to figure out a way to interpret itand be able to get on with our day. We need words to contain us, to define ourselves.

而且我觉得,我们都在 寻找我们生命中的意义,寻找生活的意义时,我觉得单词和我们寻找的东西息息相关。我觉得你在寻找某些东西的含义时,字典是一个开始寻找的好地方。字典为混沌的宇宙带去了一丝秩序。我们对事物的了解十分有限,以至于我们不得不想出 一些规律或者速记的方法,去尝试寻找该词的解释,让我们的生活得以继续。我们需要单词来蕴含自己,来定义我们自己。

I think a lot of us feel boxed in by how we use these words. We forget that words are made up. It's not just my words. All words are made up, but not all of them mean something. We're all just sort of trapped in our own lexicons that don't necessarily correlate with people who aren't already like us, and so I think I feel us drifting apart a little more every year, the more seriously we take words.

我觉得我们中的很多人都感觉,被我们所用的词汇所束缚了,我们忘了所有的单词都是编造出来的,不光光是我用的词,所有的词都是编造出来的,但不是所有的词都有含义。我们只是有点被困在自己的字典里,而我们的字典和其他人的字典并不全都一样,所以我觉得每一年我们都在变得疏远,我们对用词也越来越认真。

Because remember, words are not real. They don't have meaning. We do.

但是请记住,单词不是真的。它们本身没有任何意义,是我们赋予了它们含义。

And I'd like to leave you with a reading from one of my favorite philosophers, Bill Watterson, who created "Calvin and Hobbes." He said, "Creating a life that reflects your values and satisfies your soul is a rare achievement. To invent your own life's meaning is not easy, but it is still allowed, and I think you'll be happier for the trouble."

最后我想跟各位分享一段我最喜欢的一位哲学家,比尔·沃特森在《凯文的幻虎世界》中说的,“创造一个能反应你的价值,并充实你的灵魂的生活,是一件了不起的成就。去创造你自己生活的意义 不容易,但仍值得你去尝试,并且我觉得你会因自找麻烦变得更快乐。“

Thank you.(Applause)

ted中英文对照

342 评论(15)

咣脚奔跑的釹孩

人们天天在说话,怎样说话我们认为不需要学习。看看这个视频,或许会有收获。 正文是中英文对照稿。 查看视频 The human voice: It's the instrument we all play. It's the most powerful sound in the world, probably. It's the only one that can start a war or say "I love you." And yet many people have the experience that when they speak, people don't listen to them. And why is that? How can we speak powerfully to make change in the world?人类的声音: 是我们所有人都弹奏的乐器。 可能是这个世界上最有力的声音。 它绝无 仅有,或能引起战争, 或能说“我爱你”。 然而,很多人有这种经历, 当他们说的时 候,人们并不在听。 这是为什么呢? 我们怎样有力地说 而让世界发生某种改变? What I'd like to suggest, there are a number of habits that we need to move away from. I've assembled for your pleasure here seven deadly sins of speaking. I'm not pretending this is an exhaustive list, but these seven, I think, are pretty large habits that we can all fall into. 我所提议的是, 我们需要改变一些习惯。 在此我为你们收集整理了, 说话的七宗罪。 我没打算假装这是一个详细的列表, 但这七个,我以为是 我们相当容易犯的坏习惯。 First, gossip. Speaking ill of somebody who's not present. Not a nice habit, and we know perfectly well the person gossiping, five minutes later, will be gossiping about us. 第一就是,流言蜚语, 在背后说某些人的坏话。 这不是一个好习惯,我们都很明白 那 个说闲话的人在五分钟以后 就会在别人跟前说我们的闲话。 Second, judging. We know people who are like this in conversation, and it's very hard to listen to somebody if you know that you're being judged and found wanting at the same time. Third, negativity. You can fall into this. My mother, in the last years of her life, became very negative, and it's hard to listen. I remember one day, I said to her, "It's October 1 today," and she said, "I know, isn't it dreadful?" It's hard to listen when somebody's that negative. 第二,评判。 我们知道有些人在谈话中是这样的, 这让人很难听进别人的话, 如果你 知道你被人评判 且被认为不合格。 第三,消极。 你能陷入这个泥潭。 我的母亲,在她生命的最后几年里, 变得非常非常 消极,很难让人听她说话。 我记得有一天,我对她说, “今天是十月一号,” 她说, “我知道,这不可怕吗?” (笑声) 当某人那么消极的时候是很难让人听进去的。 And another form of negativity, complaining. Well, this is the national art of the U.K. It's our national sport. We complain about the weather, sport, about politics, about everything, but actually, complaining is viral misery. It's not spreading sunshine and lightness in the world. Excuses. We've all met this guy. Maybe we've all been this guy. Some people have a blamethrower. They just pass it on to everybody else and don't take responsibility for their actions, and again, hard to listen to somebody who is being like that. 另外一种消极,就是抱怨。 这是英国的全国性艺术。 是我们的全国性运动。我们抱怨天 气, 体育和政治,几乎每件事, 但实际上抱怨是病毒性的悲催, 它不会在这个世界上 传播太阳和光明。 借口。我们都遇上过这个家伙。 也许我们都曾经是这个家伙。 有些人有指责癖好。 他 们怪罪任何人 而不是对自己的行为负责任, 所以,这又是让人难以聆听的一种。 02:01 Penultimate, the sixth of the seven, embroidery, exaggeration. It demeans our language, actually, sometimes. For example, if I see something that really is awesome, what do I call it? And then, of course, this exaggeration becomes lying, and we don't want to listen to people we know are lying to us. And finally, dogmatism. The confusion of facts with opinions. When those two things get conflated, you're listening into the wind. You know, somebody is bombarding you with their opinions as if they were true. It's difficult to listen to that. 七件里面的老六,倒数第二, 浮夸,吹牛。 它有时贬低了我们的语言,事实上。 比如, 如果我看见 什么真的很神奇的事情, 那我该说什么呢? (笑声) 当然这种夸大后来就 变成了说谎。 彻头彻尾的说谎,我们就不想听 这种我们知道会说谎的人。 最后是,固执己见, 把事实和意见混淆。 当这两件事混为一谈, 你就像在听风一样。 你知道,有人用他们自己的意见来强迫你。 这很难让我们听讲。 So here they are, seven deadly sins of speaking. These are things I think we need to avoid. But is there a positive way to think about this? Yes, there is. I'd like to suggest that there are four really powerful cornerstones, foundations, that we can stand on if we want our speech to be powerful and to make change in the world. Fortunately, these things spell a word. The word is "hail," and it has a great definition as well. I'm not talking about the stuff that falls from the sky and hits you on the head. I'm talking about this definition, to greet or acclaim enthusiastically, which is how I think our words will be received if we stand on these four things. So what do they stand for? See if you can guess. The H, honesty, of course, being true in what you say, being straight and clear. The A is authenticity, just being yourself. A friend of mine described it as standing in your own truth, which I think is a lovely way to put it. The I is integrity, being your word, actually doing what you say, and being somebody people can trust. And the L is love. I don't mean romantic love, but I do mean wishing people well, for two reasons. First of all, I think absolute honesty may not be what we want. I mean, my goodness, you look ugly this morning. Perhaps that's not necessary. Tempered with love, of course, honesty is a great thing. But also, if you're really wishing somebody well, it's very hard to judge them at the same time. I'm not even sure you can do those two things simultaneously. So hail. 这就是说话的七宗罪。 我认为这些是我们需要避免的。 但有没有比较正面的呢? 的确 有。 我想建议四种我们可以牢靠站立的 真正强有力的基石或者基础, 如果我们想让我 们的言语有力 并且让世界产生变化。 幸运的是,这些事情连起来是一个单词。 这个词 就是“hail”,它有着特别好的定义。 我不是讲那个天上掉下来的 砸在你头上的东西。 我在谈论的是 “热情地致敬或赞扬”这个定义。 我认为我们的言辞会如此被接受, 如 果我们坚持这四件事。 那么它们到底是什么呢? 看看你是否能猜到。 H,代表了诚实(Honesty),当然, 说 真话,直接了当并且清楚明白。 A,代表了真实(Authenticity),做一个自然而然的自己。 我的一个朋友把它描述为 坚持真实的自己, 我觉得这是一个优美的表述。 I,代表了正 气(Integrity),言而有信, 说到做到, 成为别人能信任的人。 L,代表爱(Love)。 我不是指罗曼蒂克的爱情, 而是指对别人有良好的祝愿,这出于两个原因。 第一,我认 为绝对的诚实 也许不是我们所想要的。 我的意思是,天哪,今天早上你真难看。 那可 能不必要。 诚实是很重要的。当然,适当地带着爱。 但还有,当你真的很希望别人好, 就很难同时评判他们。 我不知道你们是否能 同时做到这两点。 那么 hail。 Also, now that's what you say, and it's like the old song, it is what you say, it's also the way that you say it. You have an amazing toolbox. This instrument is incredible, and yet this is a toolbox that very few people have ever opened. I'd like to have a little rummage in there with you now and just pull a few tools out that you might like to take away and play with, which will increase the power of your speaking. Register, for example. Now, falsetto register may not be very useful most of the time, but there's a register in between. I'm not going to get very technical about this for any of you who are voice coaches. You can locate your voice, however. So if I talk up here in my nose, you can hear the difference. If I go down here in my throat, which is where most of us speak from most of the time. But if you want weight, you need to go down here to the chest. You hear the difference? We vote for politicians with lower voices, it's true, because we associate depth with power and with authority. That's register. 上面提到的是你所说的内容。 另外,就像老歌里唱的,你所说的很重要, 还有你的表达 方式也很重要。 你有一个很神奇的工具盒。 里面有难以置信的工具, 然而这个工具盒 只有不多的人打开过。 我愿意跟你们在这里 做一点儿探查,并且找出几种工具。 你也 许想拿来试一下, 这些将会增加你说话的力量。 比如说,音域。 假声大部分时候可能是没用的, 但在两者之间会有一种是有用的。 对 于在座的语音教练们, 我不会在这个问题上很深入。 然而,你能定位你的声音。 如果 我把声音提到鼻子这儿,你可以听出不同。 如果我把声音降到嗓子这里, 这是我们大部 分人大多数时候所做的。 但是如果你想有份量, 你需要降到胸腔。 你听出了不同吗? 我们给声音低沉的政治家投票,那是真的, 因为我们把深沉 和权力、权威联系在一起。 那是音域。 Then we have timbre. It's the way your voice feels. Again, the research shows that we prefer voices which are rich, smooth, warm, like hot chocolate. Well if that's not you, that's not the end of the world, because you can train. Go and get a voice coach. And there are amazing things you can do with breathing, with posture, and with exercises to improve the timbre of your voice. Then prosody. I love prosody. This is the sing-song, the meta-language that we use in order to impart meaning. It's root one for meaning in conversation. People who speak all on one note are really quite hard to listen to if they don't have any prosody at all. That's where the word "monotonic" comes from, or monotonous, monotone. Also, we have repetitive prosody now coming in, where every sentence ends as if it were a question when it's actually not a question, it's a statement? And if you repeat that one, it's actually restricting your ability to communicate through prosody, which I think is a shame, so let's try and break that habit. 然后我们再说音色, 那是你的声音让人感觉如何。 研究显示我们喜欢那种 丰厚,平滑, 温暖,像热巧克力一样的声音。 当然如果你没有那样的声音,这也不是世界末日。 因为 你可以训练。 去找到一个声音教练。 你可以做很神奇的事情, 利用呼吸,姿势,还有 锻炼 来提高你嗓音的音色。 然后是韵律。我喜欢韵律。 那是唱歌,是元语言, 我们用来传送意味。 在谈话中是意 思的根基。 那种说话一个声调的人 很难让人听讲, 如果他们没有一点儿韵律。 那就是 单调这个词的来源, 或者说枯燥无味,一成不变。 我们还有重复性的韵律, 每个句子 的结尾好像是一个疑问句, 但事实上,它不是疑问句,而是陈述句。 (笑声) 如果你 一遍一遍地重复某个东西, 它会限制你 用韵律来交流的能力, 我认为这是一件憾事, 让我们努力打破那个习惯。 Pace. I can get very excited by saying something really quickly, or I can slow right down to emphasize, and at the end of that, of course, is our old friend silence. There's nothing wrong with a bit of silence in a talk, is there? We don't have to fill it with ums and ahs. It can be very powerful. 语速,我可以非常非常兴奋地 飞快地说着什么, 或者我能慢下来强调, 在结尾处,当 然是我们的老朋友, 沉默。 在讲话中,有一点儿沉默 没关系,是吗? 我们不需要用 “嗯” 和“ 啊”来填充。 沉默就很有力。 当然,音调常常跟语速一起 来指示兴奋度,但你能仅仅用音调就显示出来。 你把我的钥 匙放在哪儿啦? 你把我的钥匙放在哪儿啦? 那么轻微的差别 在这两个表达中。 Of course, pitch often goes along with pace to indicate arousal, but you can do it just with pitch. Where did you leave my keys? (Higher pitch) Where did you leave my keys? So, slightly different meaning in those two deliveries. And finally, volume. (Loud) I can get really excited by using volume. Sorry about that, if I startled anybody. Or, I can have you really pay attention by getting very quiet. Some people broadcast the whole time. Try not to do that. That's called sodcasting, Imposing your sound on people around you carelessly and inconsiderately. Not nice. 最后,是音量。 我能用音量表示极端的兴奋。 如果我打扰了任何人的话,抱歉。 或者, 我能用很轻的声音 让你认真地注意。 有人全程一直都在说话。 别那样。 那叫做“公放 音乐”, 把你的声音不假思索 和草率地强加给别人。不好。 当然,这些工具真正发挥作用的地方, 是当你有什么很重要的事情要做的时候。 这可能 是像这样站在演讲台上 对着人演讲。 它可能是求婚, 要求加薪,或者婚礼上的讲话。 不管是什么,如果它非常重要, 你应该看着这个工具盒, 以及将要工作运行的发动机, 没有预热的发动机不会好好工作。 预热你自己的声音。 Of course, where this all comes into play most of all is when you've got something really important to do. It might be standing on a stage like this and giving a talk to people. It might be proposing marriage, asking for a raise, a wedding speech. Whatever it is, if it's really important, you owe it to yourself to look at this toolbox and the engine that it's going to work on, and no engine works well without being warmed up. Warm up your voice. 07:46 Actually, let me show you how to do that. Would you all like to stand up for a moment? I'm going to show you the six vocal warm-up exercises that I do before every talk I ever do. Any time you're going to talk to anybody important, do these. First, arms up, deep breath in, and sigh out, ahhhhh, like that. One more time. Ahhhh, very good. Now we're going to warm up our lips, and we're going to go Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba. Very good. And now, brrrrrrrrrr, just like when you were a kid. Brrrr. Now your lips should be coming alive. We're going to do the tongue next with exaggerated la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la. Beautiful. You're getting really good at this. And then, roll an R. Rrrrrrr. That's like champagne for the tongue. Finally, and if I can only do one, the pros call this the siren. It's really good. It starts with "we" and goes to "aw." The "we" is high, the "aw" is low. So you go, weeeaawww, weeeaawww. 让我给你演示怎样做。 你们都愿意站起来一会儿吗? 我会给你演示六个预热声音的锻炼, 在每次演讲之前我都这么做。 在跟任何重要的人谈话之前,做以下这些。 第一,举起双 臂,吸气, 然后呼出,啊哈,就像那样。 再来一次。 啊哈,很好。 现在我们要预热我 们的嘴唇, 做出吧,吧,吧,吧, 吧,吧,吧,吧。很好。 现在,brrrrrrr, 就像你 是个孩子。 brrrrr。现在你的嘴唇应该活了。 下一个是舌头, 夸张的啦,啦,啦, 啦...... 美极了。你们做得很好。 然后,卷舌一个 R,Rrrrrr。 这就像给舌头的香槟酒。 最后,如果我只能做一个, 专业人士把这叫做警报。 这个特别好。它开始于“we”然后 转为“aw”。 “we”是高音,“aw”是低音。 那么就是,“weeeaawww......” Fantastic. Give yourselves a round of applause. Take a seat, thank you. Next time you speak, do those in advance. 妙极了。给你自己来鼓个掌。 请坐,谢谢你们。(鼓掌) 下次你演讲之前,提前做到这几项。 Now let me just put this in context to close. This is a serious point here. This is where we are now, right? We speak not very well to people who simply aren't listening in an environment that's all about noise and bad acoustics. I have talked about that on this stage in different phases. What would the world be like if we were speaking powerfully to people who were listening consciously in environments which were actually fit for purpose? Or to make that a bit larger, what would the world be like if we were creating sound consciously and consuming sound consciously and designing all our environments consciously for sound? That would be a world that does sound beautiful, and one where understanding would be the norm, and that is an idea worth spreading. Thank you. 现在让我在结束之前作个总结。 这一点是认真的。 这就是我们的所在,对吗? 我们说 得不好, 人们也听不进去, 在一个吵闹和喧哗的环境里。 我已经在讲台上 分阶段地谈 到这个问题。 这个世界会是怎样, 如果我们有说服力, 人们有意识地听, 在一个量身 定做的环境下? 或者说得更大一些, 世界将会是怎样, 如果我们有意识地说话, 有意 识地倾听, 并且有意识地针对声音 来设计我们的周围环境? 那会是一个听起来非常美 丽的世界, 在那儿 理解会是常态。 那是一个值得传播的理念。感谢你们。

328 评论(10)

啾啾大神

莱温斯基在ted演讲里陈述了网络语言欺凌受害者的苦楚,以下是我整理的莱温斯基ted 演讲稿 ,提供中英文两种版本。一起来看看吧。

站在你们面前的这个女性曾在公众面前沉默了十年。显然,现在不一样了,不过这只是最近的事。几个月前在福布斯”30位30岁以下创业者”峰会上,我首次公开发表演讲,峰会上有1500位杰出人士,全部不到30岁。这就意味着在1998年,其中最年长的人也只有14岁,最年轻的则只有4岁。我同他们开玩笑,有些人似乎只是从说唱音乐中听过我的名字。没错,说唱音乐唱过我,几乎有40首这样的说唱音乐。

在我演讲当晚 意外的事情发生了,作为一个41岁的女性,竟然有一个27岁的小伙子勾搭我。我知道,难以相信吧?他很有魅力,说了不少奉承的话,结果我拒绝了。知道他的搭讪不成功在哪吗?他说他能让我感到又回到了22岁……那天晚上我意识到,40岁时不想回到22岁的人或许就只有我了。22岁时,我爱上了我的老板,在24岁那年,我明白了其毁灭性的后果。

能否请大家举手告诉我,如果你觉得自己22岁时没有犯过错,没有做过让自己后悔的事,请举手?同我想的一样,和我一样,22岁那年,你们中的一些人大概也犯过错,爱上过错误的人,或许也正是你的老板。不过和我不同,你的老板八成不是美国总统。当然,生活充满了意外。每一天我都被提醒这个错误,我每天都在深深后悔。

1998年 在卷入一段不可能的爱情之后,我被卷入政治、法律和媒体的漩涡中心,一场前所未见的漩涡。记得吧,就在几年前,新闻只有三个来源:读报刊杂志、听收音机和看电视,就这些了。但我的命并没这么好,这起丑闻通过数字革命被公之于众。数字革命意味着我们能获取所有想要的信息,不管何时何地。丑闻在1998年1月被首次揭露就是通过互联网。这是传统媒体第一次在重大事件报道上被因特网抢先,一个点击的声音响彻了全世界。

对我个人而言,它让我一夜间从一个完完全全的无名人士变成一个被全世界公开羞辱的对象。我成了零号病人,第一个经历如何在全球范围内瞬间失去个人声誉。

这种由科技促进的草率道德审判导致我在网络世界里被投石暴民围攻。诚然,这是在社交媒体出现之前,不过人们还是可以在线评论,邮件转发 故事 ,当然,也能转发残忍的笑话。新闻媒体将我的照片贴得到处都是,借此销售报纸,为网站吸引 广告 商,为电视吸引眼球。

记得我那张照片吗?戴着贝雷帽的那张?我承认,我犯了错误,特别是不该戴那顶贝雷帽。在关注故事之外,人们对我个人的关注和道德审判也是前所未有的,我被打上各种标签 荡妇、妓女、母狗、婊子、贱人,当然还有 “那个女人”。很多人都看到了我,但很少有人了解我。我明白,人们很容易忘记一个女人是多维度的,其实她也有灵魂,也曾是完好无缺的。17年前,这些发生在我身上的事还没有专门的名词来称呼。现在,我们称之为网络欺凌和线上骚扰。

今天,我想和大家分享一些个人经历,我要讲讲这些经历如何塑造了我的 文化 观察。我希望我过去的经历,能够引起变革,让其他人少遭遇欺凌。1998年 我失去了声誉和尊严,我几乎失去了一切,包括生命。让我给大家描绘一下,这是1998年9月,我坐在一间没有窗户的办公室,在独立检察官办公室,嗡嗡作响的荧光灯下,我听着自己的声音,这是一年前电话窃听录取的声音,这位录音者,我原来还当作朋友。我坐在那里是因为法律要求,我要亲自鉴定全部二十小时的对话录音。过去的八个月,这些录音带中的神秘内容,就像达摩克利斯之剑一样悬在我的头顶。想想,谁能记得自己一年前说了什么。我很害怕,很屈辱地听着,听我自己平日闲暇时的扯东拉西,听我自己坦白对总统的爱意。当然,还有我的心碎。听到那个有时狡猾、有时暴躁、有时愚蠢的我——无情、记仇、粗鲁。我听着,深深地感到羞愧,这是最糟糕的我,糟糕到我自己都不认识。

几天后 斯塔尔 报告 被提交给国会,所有录音和原文稿,所有被窃取的言语,都成了其中一部分。人们能够读到原文稿就已经很让人害怕了,但这还没完,数周后,录音带又被公开到电视上,还有很大一部分散播到了网上。这种公开羞辱很折磨人,生命几乎变得不可承受。这种情况在1998年的时候发生得并不常见,”这种情况”指的是窃取人们的私下言语、行为、对话或照片将之公开于众--没有征得同意的公开、没有来龙去脉的公开、没有丝毫同情的公开。

快进12年到2010年,社交媒体出现了,像我这样的例子开始越来越多,甚至无论当事人有没有犯错。而且公众人物和普通人都深受其害,有些事件的结果非常悲惨。

2010年9月 我和我妈打了一通电话,我们谈到了一则新闻,关于罗格斯大学的一个大学新生。他叫泰勒·克莱门蒂——亲切、灵敏、富有创造性的泰勒被室友偷拍到和另一个男的有亲密行为,视频被传播到网上,嘲笑和网络欺凌之火被点燃。几天后,泰勒从乔治·华盛顿大桥纵身跃下……生命就这样逝去……他只有18岁。

我妈讲到泰勒和他家人时非常激动,她发自内心的痛苦。我在当时还有点无法理解,不过我逐渐意识到,她在重新经历1998年,重新经历她每晚都坐在我的床头的时候,重新经历她让我洗澡时不要关门的时候,重新经历她和爸爸担心我会因为羞辱而死去的时候。一点也不夸张。

现如今,很多父母都没来得及介入挽救自己至爱的子女,很多父母在知道子女的痛苦和羞辱时都为时已晚。泰勒悲剧而无谓的死亡,对我而言是一个转折点。它让我重新审视了我的亲身经历,让我开始思考周遭充满羞辱和欺凌的世界,让我看到了不同的东西。

在1998年 没人知道因特网这种新生技术会将人类引往何方。自诞生以来,因特网让人类以难以设想的方式联系了起来,让人们找到失散的兄弟姐妹、挽救生命,发起革命。不过同时,我所经历的阴暗面、网络欺凌和肆意辱骂也如雨后春笋增生。每天在网上,总有人,特别是依然稚嫩不知如何处理这些的年轻人总会被如此欺凌和羞辱,以至于感觉无法活到第二天,有些人也确实悲剧地因此而死。这一点也不虚拟。

ChildLine是致力于帮助年轻人处理各种问题的英国公益组织。去年,该组织发布了一则惊人的统计结果,2012到2013年,与网络欺凌相关的电话和电子邮件增加了87%。一篇来自荷兰的综合分析首次显示出,网络欺凌比网下欺凌更容易导致自杀意念。去年还有一项研究让我很震惊,或许我本不该惊讶,该研究显示羞辱是比高兴、甚至愤怒都更为强烈的情感。对他人残忍已经不是新鲜事了,但网上,由技术促进的羞辱却会被放大,不受遏制而且永远可以被看到。传统的羞辱只会局限于家庭、村庄、学校或是社区,而现在则会扩展到网络社区。成百万上千万的人能匿名地用言语攻击你,这会让人非常痛苦,而且能够公开看到这些攻击的人是没有限定范围的。被公开羞辱对个人损害很大,因特网的传播大幅提升了这个损害。

近二十年来,我们逐渐在文化的土壤中,播下了羞辱和公开侮辱的种子。无论是网上还是网下,八卦网站、狗仔队、真人节目、政治、新闻报道甚至黑客,这些都是羞辱的 渠道 。麻木不仁、无孔不入的网络环境让网络煽动、隐私侵犯、网络欺凌越来越猖獗。这种转变创造出了尼古拉斯·米尔斯教授所说的“羞辱文化”。

来看一些显著例子 这些还只是最近六个月发生的。“Snapchat”该服务主要是年轻人在用,宣称其内容阅后即焚,信息只会存在几秒,可以想象这会涉及到哪类内容。Snapchat用户所使用的一种长久保留信息的第三方应用程序被入侵了,十万人的个人对话、照片、视频被泄露到网上,这些内容的寿命就这样变成了永远。詹妮弗·劳伦斯和其他几位演员的iCloud帐户被入侵,私人私密裸照被传播到互联网上,未经任何允许。一个八卦网站仅仅因为这一个内容,就获得了五百万以上的点击量。再想想索尼影业黑客袭击,最受关注的文档,竟然是公开羞辱价值最大的一些私人邮件。在这种羞辱文化中,公开羞辱还被贴上了另一种价格标签,这里衡量的并不是受害者遭受了多少损失,诸如泰勒,还有很多人的遭遇,尤其是女性、少数群体以及多元性别群体中的成员。这里的价格标签衡量的是借此牟利者的利润,侵入他人私人领域成了一种原料受到这些人的无情挖掘、包装和销售。一个市场在诞生,公开羞辱变成了其中的商品。

耻辱则变成了一种产业。如何赚钱呢?点击。羞辱越多,点击也就越多,点击越多,广告费也越多。这是一个危险的循环。我们对这些八卦点击得越多,我们就会对故事背后的人越麻木,我们越是麻木,就越会去点击。自始至终,都是有些人在利用他人的痛苦在牟利,每一次点击,我们都是在作出选择。文化中充斥的公开羞辱越多,越被接受,我们就会越多地看到网络欺凌、网络煽动、黑客入侵,还有线上骚扰。为什么?因为它们的核心都是羞辱,这种行为成为了我们所创造的一种文化症状。

改变行为从改变信念开始,无论是种族歧视还是同性恋歧视,现在和过去的很多歧视都是这样来消除。随着对同性婚姻观念的改变,更多人被赋予了平等的自由。随着对可持续性的倡导,越来越多的人开始回收利用。对于羞辱的文化也应如此,我们需要文化革命,公开羞辱这种流血的娱乐应当终止。无论是因特网上、还是文化中,现在都该干预了。

转变可以从简单的事开始,不过它本身并不简单。我们需要回归人类固有的一种价值,也就是同情心和同理心。网上正在经历同情心缺乏和同理心危机。引用研究者布琳·布朗的话,”羞辱在同理心下无法存活”。

我生命中经历了一些异常黑暗的日子,是来自家人、朋友、专业人士甚至一些陌生人的同情心和同理心拯救了我,哪怕只有一个人的理解也会很有用。社会心理学家谢尔盖·莫斯科维奇所提出的小众影响理论认为哪怕是小众人群,只要能坚持下去,变化也能发生。在网络世界中,我们可以通过站起来来培育小众影响力,站起来是说不再冷漠旁观而是发表积极评论支持受害者或是举报欺凌现象。相信我,富有同情心的评论能够减少消极效果,我们还可以通过支持处理这类问题的组织机构来对抗这种羞辱文化。例如:美国有泰勒·克莱门蒂基金会,英国有反欺凌项目,澳大利亚有Rockit项目。

我们经常提到表达自由的权利,此外我们还应该更多地谈到我们在表达自由上的责任。我们都希望自己的声音被听到,不过我们需要区分怀有意图的发声和请求关注的发声,因特网是表达自我的超级高速公路。不过在网上换位思考他人处境对所有人都是有利的,而且能够帮助创建更安全更美好的世界。我们需要怀着同情心在网上交流,怀着同情心阅读新闻,怀着同情心点击网站。

试想下自己活在别人的新闻头条里。

最后,我想以个人说明作结,过去九个月里我被问得最多的问题是为什么,为什么现在,为什么我要出这个头。你们应该可以听出这些问题的言外之意。答案同政治无关。

我的回答是:因为是时候了,是时候不再为过去而小心翼翼,是时候不再背负耻辱地活着,是时候讲述自己的经历。这不仅仅是为了拯救我自己,任何遭受耻辱和公开羞辱的人都需要知道一点——你能撑过来,我知道这很难,肯定会有痛苦,肯定不会来得轻松容易。不过你能坚持下去 并书写出不同的故事结局。同情自己,我们都值得同情,无论线上还是线下,我们都需要生活在一个更富有同情心的世界。

谢谢聆听!

354 评论(9)

相关问答