英语时态总结初中

一般现在时、一般过去式、过去完成时、一般将来时、一般将来进行时、一般将来进行时

学好时态基本就拿下了语法的半壁江山，时态的学习至关重要，很多学生认为时态的种类太多，总是太容易记混。下面是英语时态总结，供大家参考。

1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.句子结构：主语+do/does(现在分词)

3.时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays...

4.否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般现在时通常表示：（1）表示一直发生的事情，经常发生的动作；（2）表示客观事实或者真理；（3）谈论时间表、旅程表等；（4）谈论籍贯、国籍等。

6.一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.句子结构：主语+did

3.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

4.否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.句子结构：have/has + done

3.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.

5.一般疑问句：have或has。

1. 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2. 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.

3. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing

否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.

一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

4. 用法：

（1）表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。

例如： We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。

（2）习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。

例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)

（3）表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。

例如：The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。

It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。

（4）与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。

例：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。

（5）用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬时动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。

例：I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?

1. 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2. 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3. 基本结构：was/were+doing

否定形式：was/were + not + doing.

一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。

4. 用法

（1）过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。

We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.

昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。

（2）过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。

What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?

昨天晚上九点她在做什么？ (介词短语表示时间点)

She was doing her homework then.

那个时候她正在写作业。（副词表示时间点）

When I saw him he was decorating his room.

当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点)

（3）在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。

When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.

他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的)

He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.

他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)

1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

3.基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do；②will/shall + do.

4.否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。

1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

3.基本结构：①was/were/going to + do；②would/should + do.

4.否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.

5.一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should 提到句首。

6.用法

（1）“would+动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。

例：He said he would come to see me.

他说他要来看我。

（2）“was/ were+going to+动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。

例：She said she was going to start off at once.

她说她将立即出发。

此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看，很可能或即将发生的事情。

It seemed as if it was going to rain.

看来好像要下雨。

（3）come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。

1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

3.基本结构：had + done.

4.否定形式：had + not + done.

5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。

一、一般时态 1、一般现在时(1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词usually，often，always sometimes， regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week等连用。例如：1)The moon moves round the earth..2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.(2)在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment以及if，unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.(3)某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave等。例如：1)The plane leaves at three sharp.2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.(4)在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.2)You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.2.一般过去时(1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如：We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.(2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如：1)He always went to class last.2)I used to do my homework in the library.(注意与be used to doing短语的区别)3.一般将来时1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如：I shall graduate next year.2)几种替代形式：1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如：I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.2)be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如：I am to play tennis this afternoon.3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如：He was about to start.4)be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如：The train is due to depart in ten minutes.5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing强调即将发生的某种事态。例如：The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.二、进行时态1.现在进行时(1)表示现在正在进行的动作，常与now，right now，at the mother，for the time being，for the present等连用。例如：Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.(2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作，常与always，continually，forever，constantly等连用。例如：My father is forever criticizing me.(3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有：go，come，leave，start，arrive，return等。例如：They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.(4)有些动词不能用进行时，这是一类表示“感觉，感情，存在，从属”等的动词。如：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，look，appear，(表示感觉的词)；hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive(表示感情的动词)；be，exist，remain，stay，obtain(表示存在状态的动词)；have，possess，own，contain，belong，consist of，form(表示占有与从属的动词)；understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember(表示思考理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变，便也可用进行时态。例如：1)Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him?(look在此为联系动词，意为“显得，看上去”)2)Tom is looking for his books.(look在此为实义动词，意为“寻找”)2.过去进行时过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯，常与always，continually，constantly等动词连用。例如：1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.3.将来进行时将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如：1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?4.完成进行时(现在、过去、将来)完成进行时是(现在、过去、将来)完成时的强调形式，将放在完成时态部分讲述。三、完成时态完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为：1.现在完成时(1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作(常与yet，already，just连用)，或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况(常与for，since连用)。例如：1)I have just finished my homework.2)Mary has been ill for three days.(2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since, for, during, over等引导出的短语；副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如：1)I haven’t been there for five years.2)So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation.3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.(3)完成时态可用在下列结构中：This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如：(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.2.过去完成时(1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如：1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.(2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如：I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是：1)was / were + to have done sth,例如：We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如：I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.(3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。例如：Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如：No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.3)by (the end of ) +过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如：The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon.3.将来完成时将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the time / the end of ) +表示将来时间的短语和句子；before (the end of ) +表示将来时间的词语或句子；when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如：1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock.3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.4.完成进行时完成进行时是完成时的强调形式，有现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时。(1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如：I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it.(2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如：It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.(3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例如：By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.四：时态一致时态一致是英语四、六级考试的一个重要内容。通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。一般原则是：1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时，从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态He says that he lives in Wuhan.We hope that there will be many people at your party today.“Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?” “Yes, but I don’t know who bought it.”“There’s a lot of excitement on the street.”“There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?”2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候，从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态He said he was writing a novel.The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.He said his father had been an engineer.3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时，从句的谓语应使用一般现在时。例如：The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.注：在此种情况下，即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态，从句谓语也应用一般现在时。4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时，还应注意，若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词，从句谓语只能用虚拟语气，不能遵循时态一致原则。例如：We insisted that we do it ourselves.动词的语态语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。1)We use electricity to run machines. (主动语态)2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被动语态)1.不能用于被动语态的动词和短语(1)在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。(2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。2.被动语态的时态形式常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种时态形式。表1时?SPAN lang=EN-US> 一般时 进行时 完成时现在 am asked am being askedis asked is being askedare asked are being asked过去was be asked was being askedwere be asked were being asked将来 shall be asked shall have been askedwill be asked will have been asked过去 should be asked should have been asked将来 would be asked would have been asked3.短语动词的被动语态短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如：1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.4.“get + -ed分词”的被动语态“get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如：The boy got hurt on his way home from work.另外，“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如：get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(离婚)get engaged(订婚) get confused(迷惑不解)get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸)get married(结婚)5.能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态(1)能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保留下来。例如：1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主动语态)2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被动语态)3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被动语态)(2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如：1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主动语态)2)He was appointed League secretary.(被动语态)6.被动语态与系表结构的区别(1)The novel was well written.(系表结构)(2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被动语态)7.少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思例1：The book is selling remarkably well.例2：The song sounds very beautiful.能这样用的动词还有read(读起来)，clean(擦起来)，wash(洗起来)，write(写起来)。例3：My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).能像need这样用的动词还有：want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。例4：The meat is cooking.例5：The book written by the professor is printing.