虚拟语气讲解英语

一。用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实，或与事实相反。二．真实条件句用陈述语气1．真实条件句表示的假想是真实的或有可能性2．句型：条件从句（一般现在时）+主句（shall/will+动词原形）3.注意：当表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall/will+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时三．虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中1．表示同现在事实相反的假想，可以表示现在，过去或将来的情况2．表示同过去事实相反的假想句型：条件从句（过去完成时had done）+主句（should/would have+过去分词）3．表示对将来的假想句型：①条件从句为一般过去式；主句为should+动词原形 ②条件从句为were+动词原形；主句为would ③条件从句为should+动词原形; 主句为would4.表示错综复杂的条件 有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，一个发生在过去，一个发生在现在。5．虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。6．特殊的虚拟语气词should 1）在主语从句中的应用It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。It is 可用的词有三类 that （should）do suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等 important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等 a pity, a shame, no wonder等 2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + （should） do等。例如： I suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。 He insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。 注意：如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。wish的用法 1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： 主句 从句从句动作先于主句动词动作（be的过去式为 were） 现在时 过去时从句动作与主句动作同时发生（had + 过去分词） 过去时 过去完成时将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +动词原形8． 比较if only与only if only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。9．It is （high） time that It is （high） time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。10.need "不必做"和"本不必做" didn't need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。 needn't have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。相关练习题1.（B）The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 考点：真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. （错） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. （对） If you leave now, you will never regret it.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall （will） +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式1.（C）_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 考点：在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Weren't I to do。2.（D）There was plenty of time. She ___. A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried 考点：needn't have done. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。 Mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。虚拟语气经典习题1. If I had had enough time, I my work. A. would finish B. must have finished C. would have finished D. had finished 2. Ten minutes earlier, they the plane. A. will catch B. would catch C. would have caught D. will have caught 3. Mr. Green requires that the students a composition every other week. A. write B. written C. would write D. will write 4. Had he studied hard, he the exam. A. would pass B. could pass C. had passed D. would have passed 5. I wish I what is happening there in his room. A. know B. known C. knew D. should know 6. It is important that you sports every day. A. have B. would have C. must have D. will have 7. If there were no water in the world, everything . A. will die B. would die C. would have died D. would have been dead 8. What was going to happen ,I would never have left her alone. A. Had I known B. If I know C. If I knew D. If had I known 9. He ordered that the workA. should finish B. finished C. would be finished D. be finished . 10. — Shall we go to the movie tonight?— No, I’d rather at home with our baby. You’d better not leave it to the babysitter at night. A. you stayed B. you stay C. stayed D. stay 11 . in your position, I would help him. A. Was I B. Were I C. If I am D. If I had been 12. I , but I was stopped by the heavy rain. A. mean to come B. meant to come C. had meant to come D. meant coming 13. Mrs. Black insists in that old hotel. A. not to stay B. not staying C. staying not D. that he not stay 14. If you had spoken clearly, you would . A. understand it B. have understood C. be understood D. have been understood 15. If you that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy. A. haven’t watched B. hadn’t watched C. didn’t watch D. wouldn’t have watched 16.The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he a Chinese. A. is B. be C. should be D. were 17. — If he , he that food. — Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. would be warned; had not take C. had been warned; would not have taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 18. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology achieved. A. will not be B. would not be C. would not have been D. cannot have been19．There was plenty of time. She ___.A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried 答案D。needn’t have done. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。 Mustn’t have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn’t have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。20. We had hoped that he ____ longer．A. stays B. have stayed C.stayed D. would stay 解析：该题正确答案为D。had hoped表示"本希望"，同样用法的动词还有think， expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气

英语语法有词类也有句型，我们现在来看看虚拟语气的用法。下面是我给大家整理的英语语法虚拟语气讲解，供大家参阅!

if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同：

If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。

If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停了就好了。

If only he didn't drive so fast. 但愿他车没开得那么快。

If only I were [was] better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。

If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。

If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

【友情提示】if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。

would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，具体用法为：

1.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望

I'd rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。

I'd rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。

I'd rather you were happy. 我愿你快乐。

I'd rather she sat next to me. 我宁愿她挨着我坐。

I'd rather Jack left on an earlier train. 我宁愿杰克乘前一班火车走。

You always go without me and l'd rather you didn't. 你总是不带我去，我可不愿意你这样。

“Shall I open the window? ” “I'd rather you didn't. ”“我要不要把窗子打开? ” “我看不要打开好。”

2. 用过去完成时表过去的愿望

I'd rather you hadn't said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。

I'd rather you hadn't done that. 我宁愿你没这样做。

l'd rather you had been / hadn't been present。我 (宁) 愿你当时在场 / 不在场。

l'd rather he had told / hadn't told me about it 我 (宁) 愿他告诉了 / 未告诉我这件事。

Katie went by car and I'd rather she hadn't. 凯蒂是坐汽车去的，我宁愿地不坐汽车去。

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，表示所说的话不是一个事实，而只是一种假设，愿望，建议，怀疑，猜测或不大可能实现的空想。

I.虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中

虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中，通常从句由连词if 引导。

1.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句

条件状语从句主句

If +主语 +动词过去式主语+ would, should, could, might+原形动词

(be的过去式用were)

例如：

If I feared death, I wouldn't be a communist.

(刘胡兰)怕死就不做共产党员。

If there were no air, we couldn't live.

如果没有空气，我们就不能生活。

Example:

I would ask George to lend us the money if I ______ him.

A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know

I _____ it to him if I thought he would understand.

A. shall explain B. will explain C. would explain D. explain

2.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句

构成

条件状语从句主句

If + 主语 + 动词过去完成式主语 + would, should, could, might+have + 过去分词

例如：

If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.

如果你早来几分钟，你就会碰上他。

If there had been no air in the tube, the result of the experiment would have been more accurate.

如果试管中没有空气，实验结果就会更精确。

Example:

If you hadn't gone with Tom to the party last night, _______.

A. you would meet John already

B. you won't have missed John

C. you will have met John

D. you would have met John

3.与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句

构成

条件状语从句主句

If + 主语+ should +原形动词主语+would,should,could,might或were+不定式+原形动词

例如：

If he were to come tomorrow, things would be easier.

假如他明天会来，事情就容易办了。

If the sand should be broken up, it would give out much energy.

如果沙子能被分解，它会释放出大量的能量。

注：在表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句中的should有时可以省略。如：

If he make the design, he might do it in some other way.

要是他来搞这个设计，他可能用另外的方法设计。

Example:

If the sea ____ to rise 50 feet, India would become an island.

A. will B. is C. was D. were

If you ____ to see Mary, what would you tell her?

A. are B. will be going C. must D. were

We might still catch the train if we ___.

A. make hurry B. haste

C. make haste D. hastily

4.错综时间的虚拟语气

在一些含有虚拟语气的句子中，如果主句与从句的谓语表示不同的时间，虚拟语气可有不同形式，即主句与从句各自按自己的时间构成虚拟形式。例如：

If I had met him before, I could recognize him.要是我以前遇见过他，我就能认出他了。

(从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在或将来事实相反)

If we were driving at a speed of 100 Li an hour, we would have arrived there 2 hours ago. 如果我们的行车速度每小时100里，两小时以前我们就会到达那里了。

(从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反)

Example:

If you _____ that late movie last night, you wouldn't be sleepy.

A. haven't watched

B. didn't watch

C. hadn't watched

D. wouldn't have watched

5.省略连词if

在条件状语从句中，如果有were, should, had，可以把连词if 省去，把 were, should, had 放在句首，构成条件意义。例如：

Should it rain tomorrow, what would you do? 万一明天下雨，你怎么办?

Were there no friction, we could not walk. 要是没有摩擦力，我们就不能行走。

Had we known about the new method, we should have applied it earlier.

如果我们过去知道这种新方法，我们早就应用了。

Example:

Had Alice been more hardworking, she _______.

A. had not failed B. would not fail

C. could not be failed D. would not have failed

_______ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

______ difficulties, we would be successful.

A. Should we overcome B. Would we overcome

C. Might we overcome D. Could we overcome

6.虚拟结构中省略主句或从句

虚拟结构中有时可省去主句或从句，并不影响意义的完整。

(1)省去条件从句

That would be fine. 那太好了。(省去了if you would come 或类似条件)

I wouldn't pass up the chance to visit China. 我不会放弃访问中国的机会。

We might have produced more coal. 我们可能生产出更多煤炭。

注：省略条件句，在试题中很少见到。

(2)省去主句，常用以表示愿望。从句谓语多用过去时或过去完成时。

If only she were here. 假如她在这儿该多好啊!

If only he lived! 假如他活着该多好啊!

If only I had known it before. 如果我早先知道这件事，那就好了。

Example:

If only it _____! but it is too late.

A. is avoided B. has avoided

C. could be avoided D. can be avoided

If only everything _____ out as we wanted it to in life!

A. is working B. worked

C. works D. has worked

看有没有需要用虚拟语气的词再用Should V原，客观事实真理用一般时