iamsongsam
说实话你要考四级的话背那个没用。做题比什么都管用，在做题过程中积累单词。高频词汇只有固定的那么多，就算你捧着一本书从早背到晚CET4的单词全被过了也不见得做题的时候见着的单词都看得懂。不信的话可以试试，我是过来人，相信我。还有告诉你一个小窍门，背单词时一开始只背英译汉即可，即看到单词懂什么意思就行。这样四级单词稳稳地，不需要刻意的抽出大把的时间去背单词。
8668神淡淡
throw 扔throw away 扔掉，抛弃 . throw off 扔开；摆脱；匆匆脱掉(衣服) .他向湖里扔了一块石头。He threw a stone into the lake.把那块腐烂的肉扔掉，不能再吃了。Throw that tainted meat away; it's not edible.The poor girl found it hard to throw off her former boy friend.这可怜的女孩发觉要摆脱掉她以前的男朋友很不容易。
孙家员外
throw 是最普遍的，都可用；fling 指摔、抛，比如把脱下的外套扔在沙发上；hurl 指猛掷，比如向远处扔石头；pitch 指投、掷，像扔铅球一样；toss 指轻抛，比如扔一根骨头给小狗。
福尔萝卜丝
编号 词汇 音标 词意、词性 1 weapon [ 'wepən ] n. 武器,兵器 151 movie [ 'mu:vi ] n. 电影2 rate [ reit ] n. 比率,等级,价格 v. 估价,认为,检定等级 152 rat [ ræt ] n. 鼠,老鼠 v. 背叛,背信3 hell [ hel ] n. 地狱，苦境，阴间 153 view [ vju: ] n. 视野,风景,见解 v. 看,考虑4 AIDS [ eidz ] n. 爱滋病, 获得性免疫功能丧失综合症 154 global [ 'gləubəl ] a. 全球性的,全局的5 web [ web ] n. 网；蛛丝；织物 155 candy [ 'kændi ] n. 糖果6 fluid [ 'flu(:)id ] a. 流体的,流动的 n. 流体,液体 156 kid [ kid ] n. 小孩 v. 开玩笑,哄骗,嘲弄7 ski [ ski:, ʃi: ] a. 滑雪（用）的 n. 雪橇 v. 滑雪 157 ash [ æʃ ] n. 灰,灰烬8 grain [ grein ] n. 谷物,谷类,颗粒,细粒,纹理 158 doll [ dɔl ] n. 玩具娃娃 v. 把...打扮得花技招展9 reward [ ri'wɔ:d ] n. 报酬,酬谢,赏金 v. 奖赏,酬谢 159 cigar [ si'gɑ: ] n. 雪茄烟10 harbor [ 'hɑ:bə ] n. 港,避难所 v. 庇护,隐藏,藏匿 160 hammer [ 'hæmə ] n. 锤,榔头 v. 锤击,敲打11 slip [ slip ] v. 滑倒,犯错,减退 n. 滑,错误,下跌 161 grape [ greip ] n. 葡萄，葡萄树12 tank [ tæŋk ] n. 水槽,池塘,坦克 v. 储于槽中 162 exit [ 'eksit, -zit ] n. 出口,退场,离去 v. 退出,脱离13 bake [ beik ] v. 烘焙,烤 163 behalf [ bi'hɑ:f ] n. 利益14 maid [ meid ] n. 女仆,侍女 164 sofa [ 'səufə ] n. 沙发15 naked [ 'neikid ] a. 裸体的,无装饰的,明白的 165 keen [ ki:n ] a. 锋利的,敏锐的,强烈的16 rare [ rɛə ] a. 稀罕的,罕见的,珍贵的 166 tax [ tæks ] n. 税,租税,重负 v. 课以税,使...负重荷,斥责17 forth [ fɔ:θ ] a. 向前的 ad. 向前,向外 167 rope [ rəup ] n. 绳,索 v. 捆,绑; 绳子18 haste [ heist ] n. 急速,急忙 v. 匆忙,赶快,赶紧 168 being [ 'bi:iŋ ] n. 人,生物19 essay [ 'esei, 'esi ] n. 企图；试图 169 bare [ bɛə ] a. 赤裸的,极少的 v. 使赤裸,露出20 fate [ feit ] n. 命运 170 bay [ bei ] n. 海湾21 shave [ ʃeiv ] v. 修面,剃,掠过 n. 修面,刮胡子,惊险的免脱 171 aware [ ə'weə ] a. 知道的,意识到的22 pond [ pɔnd ] n. 池塘 172 trousers [ 'traʊzəz ] n. 裤子；长裤23 balance [ 'bæləns ] n. 天平,平衡,差额 v. 平衡 173 craft [ krɑ:ft ] n. 工艺,手艺,航空器24 topic [ 'tɔpik ] n. 题目,话题,主题 174 eve [ i:v ] n. 前夜,前夕25 rage [ reidʒ ] n. 愤怒,情绪激动 v. 发怒,震怒 175 detail [ 'di:teil, di'teil ] n. 细节,详情 vt.详述，详细说明26 faint [ feint ] n. 昏厥,昏倒 a. 微弱的,无力的,模糊的 v. 昏倒 176 phone [ fəun ] n. 电话 v. 打电话27 phrase [ freiz ] n. 短语,习语 vt. 表达,叙述 177 thorough [ 'θʌrə ] a. 彻底的,完全的,精心的28 male [ meil ] a. 男性的,雄性的 n. 男子,雄性动物 178 debt [ det ] n. 债务29 brow [ brau ] n. 眉毛,额 179 campus [ 'kæmpəs ] n. 校园30 blame [ bleim ] n. 过失,责备 v. 责备 180 feature [ 'fi:tʃə ] n. 特征,容貌,特点,特色,特性31 bet [ bet ] n. 打赌,赌注 v. 打赌 181 given [ 'givn ] a. 赠予的,约定的，给定的32 chapter [ 'tʃæptə ] n. 章,回,篇 182 wool [ wul ] n. 毛线,毛织品,羊毛33 rude [ ru:d ] a. 粗鲁的,无礼的 183 jeans [ dʒi:nz ] n. 牛仔裤34 style [ stail ] v. 称呼,设计 n. 风格,时尚,字体 184 channel [ 'tʃænl ] n. 海峡；航道；频道35 rob [ rɔb ] v. 抢劫; 抢劫,盗窃;非法剥夺,使丧失,抢劫 185 inn [ in ] n. 客栈,小旅店36 cash [ kæʃ ] n. 现金 v. 兑现,付现款 186 suck [ sʌk ] v. 啜,吸,吸入,吮吸 糟糕, 太烂了37 manner [ 'mænə ] n. 样子,礼貌,风格,方式 187 zone [ zəun ] n. 地域,地带,地区38 alike [ ə'laik ] a. 相似的,同样的 ad. 一样,以同样的方式 188 missile [ 'misail, -səl ] n. 导弹39 sin [ sin ] n. 罪,罪孽 v. 犯罪 189 risk [ risk ] n. 风险,危险 v. 冒...的危险40 sorrow [ 'sɔrəu ] n. 悲伤,哀惜,不幸 v. 悲伤,悲叹 190 sweat [ swet ] n. 汗 v. 出汗41 holy [ 'həuli ] a. 神圣的,圣洁的 191 crash [ kræʃ ] n. 轰隆声,猛撞,崩溃,破产,垮台 v. 撞碎,猛使...破碎,迫降42 wolf [ wulf ] n. 狼，残忍贪婪之人 192 drift [ drift ] n. 漂移,漂流物,观望,趋势 v. 漂移,漂流,吹积43 rub [ rʌb ] n. 摩擦,困难,障碍 v. 擦,搓,摩擦 193 hay [ hei ] n. 干草44 planet [ 'plænit ] n. 行星；命运星辰 194 towel [ 'tauəl, taul ] n. 毛巾 v. 用毛巾擦 vt. 用毛巾擦或擦干45 waist [ weist ] n. 腰,腰部 195 document [ 'dɔkjumənt ] n. 文件,公文 v. 记载,用文件等证明46 site [ sait ] n. 位置,场所 v. 使...位于,使...放置 196 mud [ mʌd ] n. 泥,泥浆 v. 弄脏,使沾污泥47 source [ sɔ:s ] n. 来源；原始资料 197 fame [ feim ] n. 名声,名望48 drunk [ drʌŋk ] a. 喝醉了的 198 fare [ fɛə ] n. 运费，车费49 lamb [ læm ] n. 羔羊,小羊,羔羊肉 199 bloom [ blu:m ] n. 花，旺盛50 dash [ dæʃ ] n. 冲撞,破折号 v. 猛掷,泼溅,冲撞 200 hook [ huk ] n. 钩子 v. 钩住51 secure [ si'kjuə ] a.安心的,安全的 v. 固定,获得,使...安全 201 lawn [ lɔ:n ] n. 草地,草坪52 puzzle [ 'pʌzl ] n. 难题,迷惑 v. 使...困惑,为难 202 rod [ rɔd ] n. 杆,棒53 tone [ təun ] n. 音调,语气,品质 v. 调和,以特殊腔调说,配合 203 mister [ 'mistə ] n. 先生54 spot [ spɔt ] n. 污点,地点,斑点 a. 当场的,现实买卖的 v. 污点,认出,用灯光照射 204 cycle [ 'saikl ] n. 循环,周期 v. 骑自行车55 grammar [ 'græmə ] n. 语法 205 fax [ fæks ] n. 传真 v. 传真56 aid [ eid ] n. 帮助,有帮助的事物 v. 援助,帮助 206 trash [ træʃ ] n. 废物,垃圾 vt. 捣毁57 Bible [ 'baibl ] n. 圣经,有权威的书 207 worm [ wə:m ] n. 虫,蠕虫58 troop [ tru:p ] n. 群,组,多数 v. 群集,结队,成群而行 208 congress [ 'kɔŋgres ] n. 代表大会,国会,议会59 bellow [ 'beləu ] v. 怒吼 209 festival [ 'festəvəl ] a. 节日的,喜庆的,快乐的 n. 节日,庆祝及祭祀,欢宴60 ant [ ænt ] n. 蚂蚁 210 mat [ mæt ] n. 垫,丛,衬边 a. 粗糙的 v. 纠缠在一起,铺席于...上,使...无光泽61 lung [ lʌŋ ] n. 肺；肺脏 211 lap [ læp ] n.(坐时的)大腿前部62 diet [ 'daiət ] n. 日常饮食 v. 照规定饮食 212 donkey [ 'dɔŋki ] n. 驴子；笨蛋；顽固者63 frank [ fræŋk ] a. 坦白的,直率的 213 focus [ 'fəukəs ] n. 焦点,焦距 v. 集中,聚集,使集中64 prince [ prins ] n. 王子,亲王 214 chill [ tʃil ] n. 寒冷；寒意；失意65 device [ di'vais ] n. 装置,设计,策略,设备 215 ideal [ ai'diəl ] a. 理想的 n. 理想66 noodle [ 'nu:dl ] n. 面条 216 merit [ 'merit ] n. 优点；功绩；价值67 mill [ mil ] n. 磨粉机,磨坊,制造厂 v. 磨细,乱转,打 217 divorce [ di'vɔ:s ] n. 离婚 v. 与...办离婚68 crime [ kraim ] n. 犯罪；罪行；罪恶 218 mode [ məud ] n. 方式,样式,时尚，时兴69 wage [ weidʒ ] n. 薪水,报偿,代价 v. 开始,进行（战争、运动） 219 devil [ 'devl ] n. 魔鬼,恶魔70 stuff [ stʌf ] n. 材料,原料,东西 v. 填满,塞满 220 heap [ hi:p ] n. （一）堆，大量，许多71 umbrella [ ʌm'brelə ] n. 伞；保护伞 221 compass [ 'kʌmpəs ] n. 指南针72 blank [ blæŋk ] a. 空白的 n. 空白(处) v. 消失,使模糊不清 222 appeal [ ə'pi:l ] n. 恳求；诉请；吸引力73 female [ 'fi:meil ] a. 雌的,女(性)的 n. 雌性的动物,女子 223 slide [ slaid ] v. 使滑,滑,跌落 n. 滑,幻灯片,雪崩74 stir [ stə: ] n. 搅动,惹起 v. 激起,惹起,搅和 224 colony [ 'kɔləni ] n. 殖民地，(生物)群体75 mount [ maunt ] v. 增长,装上,爬上,乘马 n. 山峰,乘用马,框,衬纸 225 grave [ greiv ] n. 坟墓 a. 严肃的,庄重的,严重的76 spoil [ spɔil ] v. 宠坏,溺爱,破坏,腐坏 n. 战利品,奖品 226 file [ fail ] n. 档案,公文箱,锉刀 v. 列队行进,归档,申请77 current [ 'kʌrənt ] n. (水、气、电)流,趋势 a. 流通的,现在的,最近的 227 modest [ 'mɔdist ] a. 谦虚的；适度的；端庄的78 abroad [ ə'brɔ:d ] a. 在国外,海外(一般作表语) ad. 到国外,在国外 228 flesh [ fleʃ ] n. 肉，肌肉79 trap [ træp ] n. 圈套,陷阱 v. 设圈套,设陷阱 229 gap [ gæp ] n. (意见、个性等的)差异,缝隙,漏洞,缺口80 loose [ lu:s ] n. 解放,放任,放纵 a. 宽松的,不牢固的,不精确的 v. 释放,放枪,开船 230 sake [ seik ] n. 缘故，理由81 rabbit [ 'ræbit ] n. 兔子 231 dip [ dip ] v. 浸；降下；舀取82 beneath [ bi'ni:θ ] ad. 在下方 prep. 在...之下 232 stretch [ stretʃ ] n. 伸展,张开 a. 可伸缩的 v. 伸展,张开,延伸83 screen [ skri:n ] n. 屏,幕,银幕,屏风 v. 选拔,掩蔽,遮蔽 233 sample [ 'sæmpl ] n. 样品,标本 v. 抽取样品84 range [ reindʒ ] n. 范围,行列,射程; 山脉 v. 排列,归类于,延伸 234 threaten [ 'θretn ] vi. 构成威胁 vt. 威胁85 string [ striŋ ] n. 线,一串,字串 v. 串起,成串,收紧 235 beam [ bi:m ] n. 横梁，(光线的)束86 title [ 'taitl ] n. 头衔,名称,标题 v. 赋予头衔 236 dam [ dæm ] n. 水坝；障碍87 princess [ prin'ses, 'prinses ] n. 公主,王妃 237 spy [ spai ] n. 间谍,侦探,侦察 v. 侦探,找出88 issue [ 'isju: ] n. 发行物,期刊号,争论点 v. 发行,流出,造成...结果 238 coach [ kəutʃ ] n. 长途汽车,(火车)客车车厢,教练 v. 训练,指导89 rent [ rent ] n. 租金 v. 租; 出租 ; 出租,租用 239 camel [ 'kæməl ] n. 骆驼90 bomb [ bɔm ] n. 炸弹 v. 轰炸,投弹 240 shell [ ʃel ] n. 贝壳,壳,外形 v. 去壳,脱落91 bar [ bɑ: ] n. 条,棒,横木,酒吧 v. 禁止,阻挠 241 myth [ miθ ] n. 神话；虚构的事；虚构的人92 gas [ gæs ] n. 煤气,气体,汽油 v. 毒(死),加油 242 Christ [ kraist ] n. 基督；救世主93 stock [ stɔk ] v. 进货,采购 n. 树干,血统,股份 a. 存货的,平凡的,股票的 243 violin [ .vaiə'lin ] n. 小提琴94 parcel [ 'pɑ:sl ] n. 包裹 v. 打包,捆扎;打包 244 swift [ swift ] a. 快的,迅速的;快速地 n. 雨燕95 glow [ gləu ] n. 赤热,光辉,热情 v. 发红光,红光焕发 245 spark [ spɑ:k ] n. 火花,朝气 v. 闪烁,闪光,使拿出朝气96 lord [ lɔ:d ] n. 上帝,主,统治者,阁下 246 temple [ 'templ ] n. 庙宇,寺院 n.太阳穴97 odd [ ɔd ] a. 奇数的,古怪的,剩余的 . 奇数 247 breast [ brest ] n. 胸，胸部，乳房98 fairy [ 'fɛəri ] n.&a. 仙女,小精灵 248 fund [ fʌnd ] n. 基金 v. 资助； 为...提供资金99 damn [ dæm ] v. 一点；丝毫 249 thumb [ θʌm ] n. 拇指 v. 示意要求搭车,迅速翻阅100 proof [ pru:f ] a. 防...的,耐...的 n. 校样,证据,证明 v. 检验,校对 250 sip [ sip ] n. 啜饮 v. 啜饮,啜101 wallet [ 'wɔlit ] n. 皮夹,钱包 251 audio [ 'ɔ:diəu ] n. 音频的，声音的102 café [ 'bə:dn ] n. 咖啡馆，小餐馆 252 chase [ tʃeis ] v. 追赶，追逐103 beard [ biəd ] n. 胡须 253 series [ 'siəri:z ] n. 串联；序列；系列104 ankle [ 'æŋkəl ] n. 踝,踝关节 254 mirror [ 'mirə ] n. 镜子 v. 反映,反射105 billion [ 'biljən ] n.,pron & a. 十亿 255 scatter [ 'skætə ] n. 散播之物,散布 v. 散开,散布,散播106 vivid [ 'vivid ] a. 生动的,栩栩如生的,鲜艳的 256 means [ mi:nz ] n. 方法；手段107 guy [ gai ] n. (男)人,家伙 257 liquid [ 'likwid ] n. 液体 a. 液体的,液态的108 cartoon [ kɑ:'tu:n ] n. 动画片 v. 为...画漫画 258 duck [ dʌk ] n. 鸭子 v. 没入水中,闪避109 dirt [ də:t ] n. 污垢,泥土 259 scare [ skɛə ] vt. 惊吓(惊恐,惊慌) n. 惊吓(惊恐,惊慌)110 burden [ 'bə:dn ] n. 负担,重载 v. 使负重,装载,烦扰 260 ban [ bæn ] n. 禁令；取缔；禁止111 steady [ 'stedi ] a. 稳定的,稳固的 ad. 平稳地,稳固地 v. (使)稳固, (使)稳定 261 surf [ sə:f ] n. 海浪 vi. 冲浪112 purse [ pə:s ] n. 钱包, 资金,金钱,财富 v. 皱起，使缩拢 262 pea [ pi: ] n. 豌豆113 pub [ pʌb ] n. 酒馆；客栈 263 paragraph [ 'pærəgrɑ:f ] n. 段落 vt. 将...分段114 particularly [ pə'tikjʊləli ] ad. 特别地，格外，特别,尤其 264 fog [ fɔg ] n. 雾 v. 以雾笼罩,被雾笼罩，以雾笼罩115 skate [ skeit, skit ] v. 滑冰; 溜冰,滑冰 n. 冰鞋 265 frown [ fraun ] v. 皱眉头 n. 皱眉116 sum [ sʌm ] n. 总数,全部,概略 v. 总计,概括,合计 266 symbol [ 'simbəl ] n. 符号,标志,象征117 brief [ bri:f ] n. 摘要,简报,公事包 a. 简短的,简洁的 v. 对...作简报,摘要 267 evil [ 'i:vl ] a. 邪恶的,坏的 n. 邪恶,罪恶118 farther [ 'fɑ:ðə ] a. 更远的,进一步的 ad. 更远的,此外 268 flash [ flæʃ ] n. 闪光,闪现,一瞬间 v. 闪光,闪现,闪烁119 county [ 'kaunti ] n. 郡,县 269 contrast [ 'kɔntræst ] n. 差别,对比,对照物 v. 对比,成对照120 frame [ freim ] n. 框,结构,骨架 v. 构成,设计,陷害 270 pants [ pænts ] n. 裤子；长裤121 auto [ 'ɔ:təu ] n. 自动 (=automobile)汽车 271 instance [ 'instəns ] n. 例子 v. 举...为例,举例说明122 witness [ 'witnis ] n. 目击者,证人 v. (为...)作证,目击; 目击 272 poison [ 'pɔizn ] n. 毒药,败坏道德之事,毒害 v. 毒害,摧毁,中毒123 beast [ bi:st ] n. 畜生；动物；野兽 273 deer [ diə ] n. 鹿124 deaf [ def ] a. 聋的 274 soccer [ 'sɔkə ] n. 英式足球125 quiz [ kwiz ] n. 考查；恶作剧 275 crisis [ 'kraisis ] n. 危机；危险期；紧要关头126 mild [ maild ] a. (烟、酒)味淡的,轻微的,温柔的,文雅的 276 victim [ 'viktim ] n. 受害者127 rank [ ræŋk ] n. 排名,等级,军衔,阶级 a. 繁茂的,恶臭的,讨厌的 v. 排列,归类于,列于 277 gamble [ 'gæmbl ] n. 冒险 v. 赌博,孤注一掷128 item [ 'aitem, 'aitəm ] n. 项目,条款,项 278 bull [ bul ] n. 公牛129 latter [ 'lætə ] a. 后面的,后者的 pron.& n. 后者 279 tide [ taid ] n. 潮,趋势,潮流 v. 渡过,随潮漂流,克服130 career [ kə'riə ] n. 生涯,职业 280 award [ ə'wɔ:d ] n. 奖品；裁定；授予131 pace [ peis ] n. 速度,步调,步法 v. 踱步,缓慢的走,引导 281 sole [ səul ] a. 单独的，唯一的 n. 脚底,鞋底132 mayor [ mɛə ] n. 市长 282 bind [ baind ] v. 缚，绑，装订133 media [ 'mi:djə ] n. 媒体,新闻媒介,传播媒介 283 semester [ si'mestə ] n. 学期134 quit [ kwit ] v. 离开,辞职,停止 284 dolphin [ 'dɔlfin ] n. 海豚135 bold [ bəuld ] a. 大胆的,粗体的,醒目的 285 torch [ tɔ:tʃ ] n. 火炬,火把,手电筒136 author [ 'ɔ:θə ] n. 作者 v. 创造,写作 286 sigh [ sai ] n. 叹息 v. 叹息之声,渴望137 robot [ 'rəubɔt, 'rɔbət ] n. 机械人,自动机械 287 disaster [ di'zɑ:stə ] n. 灾祸，灾难138 honey [ 'hʌni ] n. 蜂蜜,宝贝 a. 蜂蜜似的 288 plot [ plɔt ] n. 图,阴谋,情节 v. 绘图,密谋,计划139 wander [ 'wɔndə ] v. 漫游，漫步，漂泊 289 region [ 'ri:dʒən ] n. 地区,地域,地带140 darling [ 'dɑ:liŋ ] n. 亲爱的,可爱的人,可爱的物 a. 可爱的,亲爱的 290 bound [ baund ] v. 跳跃，限制141 border [ 'bɔ:də ] n. 边缘 v. 作...之疆界,加边 291 soda [ 'səudə ] n. 汽水,苏打,碳酸水142 funeral [ 'fju:nərəl ] a. 葬礼(的) n. 葬礼 292 salary [ 'sæləri ] n. 薪水 vt. 给...薪水143 wit [ wit ] n. 智力,才智 293 grasp [ grɑ:sp ] n. 把握,抓紧,把 v. 抓住,紧握,领会144 dumb [ dʌm ] a. 哑的；不说话的；无声 294 limp [ limp ] a. 柔软的,无力的,软弱的 n. 跛行 v. 跛行145 folk [ fəuk ] a. 民间的 n. 人们 295 tune [ tju:n ] n. 歌曲,旋律,心情 v. 调节,和谐146 mere [ miə ] a. 纯粹的,仅仅的,只不过的 ad. 仅仅,只不过 n. 小湖 296 stream [ stri:m ] n. 流,水流,人潮 v. 使流出,流动147 bat [ bæt ] n. 蝙蝠,球棒 297 china [ 'tʃainə ] n. 陶瓷，瓷器148 slight [ slait ] a. 轻微的,纤细的,脆弱的 v. 轻视,忽略 n. 轻蔑 298 leather [ 'leðə ] n. 皮革 a. 皮革制的149 hen [ hen ] n. 母鸡，雌鸟 299 breeze [ bri:z ] n. 微风；煤屑；轻而易举的事150 climate [ 'klaimit ] n. 气候,风气,气氛 300 slogan [ 'sləugən ] n. 标语,口号 301 bark [ bɑ:k ] n. 树皮，狗叫声
胖蟹爪爪
100. If anything: 如果有什么的话；要说有什么的话 e.g. Of course, the OFC is not required for all learning; clearly, other brain areas can acquire new representations without input from the OFC. Indeed, much learning —including initial discrimination learning and simple Pavlovian learning — is unaffected by OFC damage. One possible explanation for this preserved learning is that these situations, which involve new learning, do not require expectancies for the production of error signals. If anything , expectancies would actually impede learning by reducing the size of the teaching signal as learning progressed. So it is not surprising that the OFC is not necessary for all learning. 99. half the battle: n. 成功了一半(有助于成功的条件) e.g. Half the battle to finding an ingenious and creative solution is to ask the right question. 98. swap: [swɑːp]: v. 交换；用 ... 作交易 n. 交换；适合交换的东西 E.g. Reading regularly and broadly will expand your exposure to questions and solutions. Feel free to delve deeper when you fi nd topics of interest. But never swap depth for breadth. Broad- based knowledge exposure will almost surely get you thinking about new questions, new answers, and new possibilities. 97. provisionally: [prə'vɪʒənəli] adv. 暂时地；临时地 e.g. The three Urbach-Wiethe Disease subjects showed significant working memory facilitation relative to controls. Control measures showed no group anxiety differences. Results are provisionally interpreted in terms of a ‘ cooperation through competition ’ networks model that may account for the observed paradoxical functional facilitation effect. 96. surveillance: [sɜː'veɪləns] n. 监视；监督 e.g. This suggests that ongoing salience surveillance by the BLA exacts a tonic cost on executive attentional resources at the expense of working memory. The present study is to our knowledge the clearest evidence to date that the BLA is an essential node mediating competition between salience and executive networks for attentional resources in the brain. 34. inertia: [ɪ'nɜːʃə] n. 惯性；惰性 e.g. To overcome the inertia against innovation, start with yourself. 33. oversight： n. 疏忽；失察；监管；看管 e.g. She is an activist for creative business environments. Some of her advice is to avoid rigid oversight , refrain from judgment, and build an environment that is generally pleasant. 32. get around: vt. 规避；说服 e.g. To get around this problem, a few studies have either held the value of one option stable while varying the other or they have sequentially presented the options for choice, allowing option values to be dissociated temporally 31. discerning： adj. 有见识的 discern：v. 辨别；看出；察觉e.g. Despite the complicated design of the Antikythera mechanism—a product of the thousands of years of astronomy and engineering— discerning its inner workings and function was cracked within a century once the tools became available to do so. 30. where the rubber meets the road: The point at which someone's or something's efforts, resolve, or viability are put to the test; the point at which things become truly or meaningfully challenging. e.g. Now is the time to Meld your single- best idea back into the process of normal science. This step is where the rubber meets the road. 29. catapult: ['kætəpʌlt] 猛掷； catapult sb to fame / stardom etc ：使某人一举成名E.g. The hope is to catapult you out of your frames and to add further generative possibilities to the PIG In MuD innovation process. 28.run the risk of: vt. 冒 ... 的危险 E.g. Questions phrased too narrowly on the one hand or too fantastically or broadly on the other, run the risk of generating answers that take us nowhere . 27. far afield from：adv. 远离着(家乡)；在或去远处；在野外 E.g. Fascinating articles arrive regularly to the inboxes of his friends on topics far afield from Kuller’s own interests . 26.flip through: vt. 浏览；草草翻阅 lie around: 分散在各处,四处乱丢,闲着不干事E.g. If you flip through any of the scores of journals lying around the office, you find that Kuller has underlined many passages, showing that he has read each paper in each and every publication. 25. quandary: ['kwɒndəri] n. 困惑；迷惑；为难 meek: adj. 温顺的；谦恭的E.g. Meeting with him presents quite a quandary —the meek simply stand rather than trying to fi gure out if it is okay to move a stack . 24. mind-expanding E.g. Few things in life are more mind-expanding than reading. 23. legitimate：adj. 合法的；世袭的；婚生的；正当的；合理的 vt. 使合法；授权；宣布 ... 为合法 e.g. However, another far more intriguing possibility is that the divergent findings reflect a legitimate difference between the encoding properties of dopamine neurons in SN and those in the VTA. 22. amass: Vt. 积聚；收集 e.g. Just as you have begun to practice keener observation, so knowledge must be gained from amassing and understanding the observations of others. 21. outdo: [ˌaʊt'duː] v. 超过；胜过 20. consequential: adj. 重要的；间接的；随之发生的；自高自大的 e.g. How do you know what is consequential ? 19. frivolous: ['frɪvələs] adj. 轻佻的；妄动的；琐碎的；无足轻重的 e.g. No one wants to spend a lot of time working on an interest that is irrelevant or, worse, frivolous . 18. come alive: 睡醒； 活跃起来 e.g. Yet it is only through getting to know them that they truly come alive . 17. formality: [fɔː'mæləti] n. 礼节；程序；拘谨 pepper: 接二连三地提问; 加胡椒粉于， e.g. After formalities , he peppered his Vital Statistics colleagues with questions. “How is birth weight recorded? Who enters them into the database?” 16. bulge: n. 膨胀；暴增 v. 膨胀；充满 e.g. If the normal distribution was shifted downward in total, then it could mean one thing; if he saw a bulge in the lower birth weights, then it would mean another. 15. sit back:宽舒地休息； 不采取行动 e.g. Despite the need to respond quickly to such a politically charged emergency, he sat back and asked: Is there a problem? 14. slipping down: 失足； 成绩下滑 e.g. Think of it: Ontario might be slipping down the slope of its profligate neighbor to the south. 13. revel in: vt. 深爱；酷爱；着迷 12. grind away: 发出摩擦之声, 刻苦地学习 11.opus magnum: 代表作,主要作品 10. cobble ['kɒbl]: n. 圆石；鹅卵石；(常用复数)卵石路 v. 铺鹅卵石；修补(鞋)；粗制滥造 cobble together: [匆忙而草率地]拼凑 e.g. Moreover, although it would be possible to cobble together a heterogeneous population of OFC neurons to encode the error term, this population would constitute a small, hand-selected minority of the neurons in OFC. Thus we do not believe OFC is directly signaling prediction errors in any meaningful way. 9. institute: 实施，采取，开始实行; 制定，规定; 设立，创立，建立 e.g Specifically we would expect positive prediction errors at the start of blocks 2sh, 3bg, and 4bg, when an unexpected reward is instituted , and negative prediction errors at the start of blocks 2lo and 4sm, when an expected reward is omitted. 8. materialize: [mə'tɪəriəlaɪz] v. 成为现实；成有形；实现；具体化；出现 e.g. Moreover, neither account can easily explain the current results, since both predict no effect of reversible inactivation during the compound training phase on subsequent performance in the probe test. Instead, our results suggest that OFC is necessary for learning from differences between actual and expected outcomes, as occurs on the compound trials when the summed expected outcome fails to materialize. 7. in moderation: 适度 e.g. Your advice to your patients continues to be, “All things in moderation .” 6. left over:留下, 剩下, 推迟处理 e.g. Passing on having everything in one Smartphone (rather than having to switch between cell and iPod) may be a little less convenient but it is worth it in order to feel that I have enough funds left over to go out on a date this week. 5. perpetuate: [pə'petʃueɪt] vt. 使永存；使不朽 e.g. Edward de Bono, in his book Lateral Thinking (1990), argues that your mind tends to perpetuate a given thought system and to resist change and novelty. 4. if only: 要是 ... 多好； 只要； 但愿 e.g. If only overcoming cognitive biases were as easy as reading about them! 3. clairvoyant: [kleə'vɔɪənt] adj. 千里眼的；透视的；有洞察力的 n. 有洞察力的人；千里眼 hindsight: ['haɪndsaɪt] n. 事后聪明，后见之明；枪的照门e.g. Your sense of reality is constructed around memories. In hindsight , you are clairvoyant . 2. hold on to e.g. Perseverance bias occurs when, even after information has been proved to be utterly falsified, people hold on to their original beliefs. 1. No wonder: 难怪； 怪不得 e.g. What is safe and familiar is valued and chosen. No wonder that innovation, which is risky and unfamiliar, is difficult to decide to pursue.
