英语小词组

in other words换句话说 look forward to期待 at the start of在开始的时候 at the end of在结束的时候 go to college上大学 be divided into被分成 take part in参加 make sure确信 so that因此 make progress取得进步 as a result结果 in fact事实上 fall asleep睡着 tell jokes讲笑话 get on上 get off下 get into上 get out of下 take off起飞 be short for简称 not…any more不再 out of date过时 refer to指的是 put up修建 so far到目前为止 up to know到目前为止 till now到目前为止 get away from摆脱 a great many许多 a nummber of许多 go up上升 add to 加入 used to 过去 in the area of在……领域 be proud of为……感到骄傲 be supposed to 应当 consist of 由……组成 as well也 become known as作为……而出名 go down下降 come up with提出 from that moment on从那时起 concentrate on 聚精会神 compared with与……相比

一．相近介词和介词短语 1. With the help of 在～～帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在～～领导／关心下 2. be strict with sb. 对～人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对～事要求严格 3. at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暂时 4. in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 under the sun 在世界上 5. lie in 位于～～之内 lie on 同～～接壤 lie to 位于～～之外 6. at least 至少 in the least 丝毫，一点 7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以～～名义 8. in the air 空中，在流传 on the air 播出 9. in the way 挡路，障碍，用～～方法 in a way 在某点上，在某种程度上 get one’s own way to do 随心所欲 give way 让步，屈服 lose one’s way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下 on one’s way to 在去～～的路上 Come this way 这边走 10. at the corner 在拐角处（外角） in the corner 在角落里（内角） on the corner 在角落上（外角上） 11. judge by / from 根据～～来判断 judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断 12. at the end (of) 在～～结束时 at the beginning of 在～～开始时 at the back of 在～～背后，支持 at the age of ～～岁时 at the foot of 在～～脚下 at the bottom of 在～～底部 at the top of 在～～顶上 at/on the edge of 在～～边上 13. in the course of 在～～过程中 in the eyes of 从～～观点看来，在～～眼里 in the face of 面对～～，尽管，纵使 in the middle of 在～～中间 in the end =at last=finally 最后 14. on the eve of 在～～前夕 on the side of 在～～一边 15. after a time = after some time 过一段时间后 for a time = for some time 一时，有一段时间 16. behind time 迟到，过期 behind the times 落在时代后面 17. at no time 决不 in no time 立即，马上 18. at one time = once time 曾经 at a time = each time 每次 at times = sometimes 有时 at all times 经常，一直，始终 at the same time 同时 at the time 在～～的时候 by the time 到～～的时候 19. for a moment 一会儿 for the moment 暂时 at the moment 当时 the moment /minute /instance 正当～～一刹那 20. once or twice 一两次 more than once 不止一次 once more 重新，又 once upon a time 从前 once in a while 偶尔 二．归类记忆 1. be on show / display / play / sale / strike / duty / trial 2. be of value / importance / use / no use / color / age / size / height / weight / significance 3. to one’s joy / surprise / pleasure / astonishment / sorrow / delight 4. in surprise / wonder / alarm / terror / horror / delight 5. by air / bicycle / boat / bus / car / letter / post / plane / telephone / train / wire 6. at daybreak / sunrise / dawn / noon/ dark / night 7. out of breath / control / question / sight 8. in fact / reality / substance / nature / practice / theory / short / brief / a word / detail / all / average / full / time / fashion / existence / turn / vain / haste / appearance / common / sum/ general / particular / public / secret / order / part / power / stock / case / bed / future / name / addition / sight 9. on duty / shift / holiday / leave / business / purpose / time / sale / show / board / hand / record / request / root / earth / farm / principle 10. for example / instance / all / good / nothing / convenience / short / fear / sale 11. by weight ( volume size number~~ ) / profession / definition / rule / turn / chance/ accident/ mistake / hand / train ( bus ,taxi ,ship ,boat ~~) / air / land / force / day / nature / sight 12. at most / least / best / worst / once / first / last / home / school / will ( at will:任意) / work / night / midnight / daybreak / dawn / present / length / large 13. as above / below / following / over / usual / before / a matter of fact 14. above all / measure / normal 15. before all / long / time / now / then 16. after all / class / school 17. out of action / order / condition / use / operation / step / joint / repair/ gear / balance / range/ doubt / date / danger / hand / shape / place / question / stock / 18. with caution / interest / difficulty / ease / advantage / effect / reason / vigor / reserve / success / confidence 19. beyond comprehension / conception / description / expression / doubt / control / reach / power / measure / grasp / compare / controversy / dispute / hope / example 20. under age / discussion / test / way / repair 三．组合记忆 （1）由两个词组成的复合介词． 1. 以of结尾 ahead of , aside of , because of , east of , west of , instead of , short of , lack of , regardless of 2. 以to结尾 according to , as to , counter to , due to , owing to , next to , previous to , prior to , apostle to , relative to , subject to , subsequent to , on to , thanks to 3. 以with结尾 along with , together with 4. 以for结尾 as for , but for , except for , save for 5. 以from结尾 from above , from below , from among , from between , from beneath , from behind , from over （2）由三个词组成的复合介词． 1. 以in开头 in addition to , in advance of , in agreement with , in case of , in charge of , in comparison with in consequence of , in consideration of , in (the) course of , in contrast with , in the face of , in favor of , in front of , in honor of , in (the) light of , in the middle of , in the name of , in need of , in obedience to , in opposition to , in place of , in preference to , in (the) process of in regard to , in reply to , in respect of 2. 以by开头 by means of , by order of , by reason of , by virtue of , by way of 3. 以at开头 at the beginning of , at the cost of , at the end of , at the hands of , at mercy of , at the point of , at the risk of 4. 以with开头 with an eye to , with the exception of , with the purpose of , with reference to , with regard to, with respect to , with a view to , with the view of 5. 以for开头 for the benefit of , for fear of , for lack of , for the good of , for the sake of 6. 以under开头 under cover of , under pain of , under the present of 7. 以on开头 on account of , on behalf of , on the occasion of , on the part of , on the point of , on top of 四．省略介词，意义不变 1. I will share (in) the pleasure with him. 2. I spent two hours (in) reading the article. 3. I’ll write (to) you a letter. 4. He plays (on) the piano every evening. 5. Smith has traveled (through) China. 6. They are fighting (against) their enemy. 7. Please fill (in) the blanks in the following. 8. The houses face (to/on) the south. 9. She scolded (at) her child yesterday. 10. It is (of) no use talking. 11. There is no use (in) talking. 12. We couldn’t prevent them (from) getting married. 13. He is busy (in) preparing for the exam. 14. I have studied English (for) ten years. 15. This shirt doesn’t fit (for) me. 16. I want a place to live (in) . 17. You ought to break (off) this habit. 18. She always share (in) my troubles as well as (in ) my jobs. 五．动词词组及短语 1. 以break为中心的词组 break away from 脱离，逃离 break down 破坏，粉碎；瓦解；出故障，抛锚 break in 闯进，打断；使顺服 break into 闯入；强行进入；突然开始 break out 爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚 break the law 违反法律 break the record 破记录 break one’s promise 失言 break up 开垦，破碎；解散，分开，分解 2. 以catch为中心的词组 be caught doing 被发现做某事 be caught in the rain 淋雨 catch a bus/train 赶汽车/火车 catch a cold 伤风，感冒 catch one’s word 听懂某人的话 catch sight of 发现，瞥见 catch up with 赶上，追及，追上 3. 以come为中心的词组 come across 偶尔发现，想起；越过；偿付 come along 一道来，陪伴；进步，进展；出现 come at 达到，求得，得到；扑向，袭击 come back 回来；恢复，复原 come down 倒下；降落；跌落；病倒 come from 来自，起源于，从~~产生，生于 come in 进来，进入；流行起来；获名次 come into being 发生，产生，出现，形成 come into power 开始执政，当权，当选 come into use 开始使用，获得应用 come on 上演；开始；赶快；发展；登台；（问题）被提出 come out 出来，传出；出版；结果是；褪色；（秘密）泄露 come to 苏醒，复原；共计；达到；归结于 come to an end 终止，结束 come to know 开始了解到 come true 实现，成为现实；证实 come up 走近；上楼；长出，发芽 4. 以do为中心的词组 be done in 精疲力竭 be done with 完全结束 do a good deed 做一件好事 do away with 去掉，废除；弄死；浪费 do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于 do harm to (=do sb. good) 有害于 do its work 有效，有作用 do much 极有用 do wrong to 做错 do one’s best 尽某人最大努力 do one’s homework 做作业 do one’s utmost 尽力而为 do proud 足以使~~骄傲 do sb. justice 公平对待某人 do some cleaning (V+ing,etc.) 搞卫生 do sb. a favor 帮助某人 do well in 学得不错，干得漂亮 do with 和~~相处，忍受，处理 do without 不需要，不用 do wonders 创造奇迹 have much to do with 和~~很有关系 have nothing to do with 与~~无关 have something to do with 和~~有关 in doing so=in so doing 这时，在这种情况下 That will do. 行了；够了 5. 以get为中心的词组 get about 徘徊，走动，旅行；流传 get above oneself 自视高傲 get accustomed to 习惯于，对~~习以为常 get across 度过，通过，横过；说服，使理解 get ahead of 胜过，超过 get along 前进，进步；同意；离去 get along with 与~~相处 get at 发现，了解；掌握；攻击 get away 离开，逃脱 get back 取回，回来；报复 get behind 落后；识破 get down 咽下；写下；使沮丧，使抑郁 get down to 认真对待，静下心来 get familiar with 熟悉 get hold of 获得，取得 get home 到家 get in 进入，陷入；牵涉 get off 送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身 get on 上车；穿上；进步，使前进；成功；相处 get upon with 进步；在~~方面获得成功 get one’s hand in 熟悉；习惯 get out of 由~~出来，从~~得出；避免；退休 get over 越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成 get ready for 为~~作准备 get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱 get through 到达，完成，通过；及格 get together 积聚，积累；商谈，取得一致意见 get up 起床，起立；研究，钻研；致力于；安排，组织 get used to 习惯于 have got to do 不得不，必须 6. 以give为中心的词组 be given to 沉溺于，癖好 give about 分配；传播 give and take 相互迁就 give away 赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发 give back 归还 give cause 给予~~的理由 give ear to 侧耳倾听 give forth 发出，放出；发表 give in 屈服，让步，投降 give in to 同意，接受；向~~让步 give off 发出（烟，气味） give oneself out to be/as 自称为 give oneself up to 专心于；向~~自首 give out 分发，公布 give place to 让位于，被~~所替代 give rise to 引起，导致；使~~发生 give sb. to understand 通知某人 give up 放弃；停止 give way to 让步，退却；屈服于 7. 以look为中心的词组 look about 四下环顾；查看 look after 照顾，看管 look around 东张西望 look at 注视，着眼于 look back 回顾 look for 寻找；期待，期望 look down on 俯视；轻视 look forward to 盼望，期待 look into 窥视；调查；浏览 look like 看起来象 look on 旁观；面向 look out 向外看；注意；当心，堤防 look over 从上面看过去；检查 look through 透过~~看去；看穿；浏览 look up to 仰望，尊敬 8. 以make为中心的词组 be made from 由~~原料制成 be made of 由~~材料制成 be made up of 由~~组成 make a fool of 愚弄，欺骗 make a mistake 弄错 make a point of doing 强调；认为~~重要；决心，坚持 make advantages/use of 使用，利用 make after 追求，追赶 make believe 假装 make certain 确信，把~~弄清楚 make contact with 接通，与~~接触，与~~联系 make for 去向，向~~前进；有利于 make friends with 和~~交友 make into 把~~制成，使~~转变为 make much of 重视；理解；赏识 make one’s mind on sth. 决定某事 make one’s own 当作自己的看待 make oneself at home 随便，别拘束 make out 填写；开支票；理解；辨认 make the best of 尽量利用；极为重视 make up 弥补，修理；赔偿，补偿；起草；编造；化装 make up to 接近，巴结；向~~求爱 make way for 为~~让路，让路于 on the make 急求成功；增加 9. 以put为中心的词组 put aside 把~~放在一边；搁置；排除 put away 把~~放好，把~~收拾；储藏；吃喝，吃掉 put back 把~~放回原处；驳回 put down 放下；镇压；制止；记下；削减；降落 put forward 提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡，倡议 put ~~ into 把~~放入；插入；翻译成 put off 推迟，延期；消除；推脱，推辞 put on 上演；穿上，带上 put one’s heart into 全神贯注，专心致志 put up 举起，挂起；提名，推荐；陈列 put up with 忍受，容忍 10. 以take为中心的词组 be taken aback 吃惊 take a seat 就坐 take a shower 淋浴，洗澡 take aim 瞄准，设立目标 take away 拿走，减去；夺去 take ~~ by surprise 出奇制胜 take care of 当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎；处理，对付；负责 take ~~ for 把~~当作 take off 脱去，除去；离开；起飞；模仿；起程；致死；复制，作副本；减弱 take office 就职，上任 take one’s place 就坐，入坐 take one’s temperature 量体温 take part in 参与，参加 take place = happen 发生，举行 take the place of 代替 take pride in 以~~为荣，对~~骄傲 take sb. by the arm 拉某人的胳膊 take it easy 别着急，慢慢来 11. 以turn为中心的词组 give a new turn to 对~~予以新的看法 in one’s turn 轮到某人做某事 out of turn 不按次序的，不合适宜的 take one’s turn to do 轮到做 turn a blind eye to 对~~视而不见 turn against 背叛，采取敌对态度 turn back 折回，往回走 turn down 折叠，翻下，驳回，拒绝考虑 turn into 走进；变成，变为 turn to ~~for help 求助于 turn off 关上（自来水，电器开关）；解雇，辞退；避开（问题）；制造；生产 turn on 打开（自来水，电器开关）；反对；依靠，依赖，取决于 turn one’s attention to 把注意力转向 turn out 培养；证明是；制成；实际情况是 turn out to be 原来是，证明是，结果是 turn over a new leaf 翻开新的一页，重新开始，改过自新 turn (a)round 旋转，转过身来；改变意见；采取新政策 turn to 变成；着手于 turn upside down 颠倒过来，翻过来；使陷入混乱

七年级上册 Unit 1 要点归纳I. 词汇1. to (同音词) too, two2. meet (同音词) meat 3. four (同音词) for4. family (复数) families5. one (序数词) first first (基数词) one 6. boy (对应词) girl7. question (反义词) answer 8. first (反义词) last9. telephone (同义词）phone10. telephone number (同义词组) phone number11. first name (同义词组) given name12. last name (同义词组) family name13. look 看，瞧 （引起他人的注意） look at (sb./ sth.) 看（某人/ 某物） 14. an ID card 一张身份证15. answer the phone 接电话16. answer the question 回答问题17. my name 我的名字18. your clock 你的钟表19. his answer 他的答案20. her question 她的问题II. 交际运用 1. A：Nice to meet you ! 见到你很高兴！ B: Nice to meet you ,too! 见到你也很高兴！2. A: What's your name? 你叫什么名字？ B: My name's Jenny. / I am Jenny. 我的名字叫詹妮。3. A: What's his name? 他叫什么名字？ B: His name's Tony. / He is Tony. 他的名字叫托尼。4. A: What's her name? 她叫什么名字？ B: Her name's Gina. / She is Gina. 她的名字叫吉娜。5. A: What's your first name? 你的名字是什么？ B: My first name is Linda. 我的名字是琳达。 A: What's your last / family name? 你姓什么？ B: My last / family name is Miller. 我姓米勒。6. A: What's his / her first name? 他 / 她的名字是什么？ B: His / Her first name is ... 他 / 她的名字是…… A: What's his / her last name? 他 / 她姓什么？ B: His / Her last name is ... 他 / 她姓……7. A: What's your / his / her telephone number? 你的/他的/她的电话号码是多少？ B: It's ... 是……III.句型转换 1. 同义句 My name's Kim. = I am / I'm Kim Nice to meet you.= Nice to see you. / Glad to meet you. You are Tom. = Your name's Tom. His name is Jim. = He is Jim. She is Amy. = Her name is Amy. What's your name? = May I have / know your name? Are you Nick? = Is your name Nick? My first name is Alice. My last name is Smith.= My name's Alice Smith.2. 划线部分提问 My name's Gina / I'm Gina. -------- What's your name? Her name's Grace. --------- What's her name? His name's Bob. ------- What's his name? Her name is Cindy Brown. --------- What's her first name? His name is Mike Green. ------ What's his last / family name? My phone number is 3669875. -------- What's your phone number? His / Her telephone number is 2987321. ------- What's his / her telephone number?3. 变为一般疑问句 I am Tom. ----- Are you Tom? You are Tina. -------- Are you Tina? She is Lily. ------- Is she Lily？ He is Jim. ------ Is he Jim? My name's Dale. ------ Is your name Dale? His name is Eric. ------- Is his name Eric? My telephone number is 3456723.----- Is your telephone number 3456723? Her phone number is 4567289. ----- Is her phone number 4567289?七年级上 Unit 2 要点归纳I. 词汇1. this (对应词) that2. yes (反义词) no3. lost (反义词) found4. OK (同义词组) all right5. pencil case (同义词组) pencil-box6. thank (名词) thanks7. this (复数) these8. that (复数) those9. key (复数) keys10. dictionary (复数) dictionaries11. watch (复数) watches12. lost (原形) lose13. found (原形) find14. this pen 这支钢笔15. that pencil 那支铅笔16. these books 这些书17. those notebooks 哪些笔记本18. my watch 我的手表19. your ruler 你的直尺20. his backpack 他的双肩背包21. her ring 她的戒指22. an eraser 一块橡皮23. pencil sharpener 铅 笔刀，卷笔刀24. computer game 电脑游戏，电子游戏25. in English 用英语26. lost and found 失物招领27. at school 在学校28. a set of keys 一串钥匙29. school ID card 学生证30. in the lost and found case 在失物招领箱里31. call 的用法 (1) call sb. (同义词组) ring sb. 给某人打电话 telephone(phone) sb. make a call to sb. (2) call + 电话号码 拨打XX电话(3) call sb. at +电话号码 拨打XX电话找某人II. 交际运用1. A: Is this a pen? 这是一支钢笔吗？B: Yes, it is. 是的，它是。2. A: Is that an eraser? 那是一块橡皮吗？B: No, it isn’t. 不，它不是。3. A: Excuse me . Is this your notebook? 打扰一下。这是你的笔记本吗？B: Yes, it is. It’s my notebook. 是的，它是。它是我的笔记本。4. A : Excuse me. Is that his computer? 打扰一下。那是他的电脑吗？B: No, it isn’t. It’s her computer. 不，不是。它是她的电脑。5. A: What’s this in English ? 着用英语怎么说？B: It’s a baseball. 它是一个棒球。A: How do you spell it / baseball? 你怎样拼写它/ 棒球？B: B-A-S-E-B-A-L-L. 6. Call Alan at 495-3539. 拨打495-3539找 Alan.7. Is that your computer game in the lost and found case? 在失物招领箱里的那个电脑游戏是你的吗？III. 句型转换1. 变为否定句含有系动词be (am/ is /are) 的句子，在变成否定句时，只需在系动词be 后直接加上not 即可， 即 “be + not”。I am Tom ---- I am not Tom. (am 和not 不能缩写在一起)This is my book. ---- This isn’t my book. （is not = isn’t）You are at school.----You aren’t at school. (are not = aren’t)2. 变为一般疑问句含有系动词be 的句子，在变成一般疑问句时，需要把be 提前，放在句首。注意： am 要变为 are， 要变为you，my 要变为your。I am Tom. ------ Are you Tom?That is my book. ------- Is that your book?They are at school. -------- Are they at school?3. 作肯定回答和否定回答Is this / that …? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.Are these / those …? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.4. 按要求完成句子(1) How do you spell it? (同义句) Spell it, please.(2) This is an eraser? (变为一般疑问句) Is this an eraser?(3) That is his watch? (划线部分提问) What’s that (in English) ?(4) B-O-O-K. (写出大问句) How do you spell it / book?(5) It is a cat. (变为否定句) It isn’t a cat.(6) This is her pen. (变为复数) These are her pens.(7) That is an apple. (变为复数) Those are apples.(8) Are these your pencils? (变为单数) Is this your pencil?(9) Those are our books. (变为单数) That is my book.(10) It is a dictionary. (变为复数) They are dictionaries.IV. 代词 人称代词 物主代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性单数 第一人称 I (我) me my (我的) mine 第二人称 you (你) you your (你的) yours 第三人称 he (他) him his (他的) his she (她) her her (她的) hers it (它) it its (它的) its复数 第一人称 we (我们) us our (我们的) ours 第二人称 you (你们) you your (你们的) yours 第三人称 they (他们) them their (他们的) theirs注意：主格代词作主语用于句首。 宾格代词作宾语用于动词和介词后。 形容词性物主代词用于修饰名词，放在名词前。 名词性物主代词作主语或宾语。七年级上册 Unit 3 要点归纳I. 词汇1. sister (对应词) brother 2. father（对应词）mother3. grandmother (对应词) grandfather 4. these (对应词) those5. aunt (对应词) uncle 6. son (对应词) daughter7. picture (同义词) photo 8. here (对应词) there9. parent 父亲或母亲（两者之一）_复数_parents 父母亲，双亲 （两者都）10. these (单数) this 11. those (单数) that12. he / she / it (复数) they 13. am / is (复数) are 14. photo (复数) photos 15. aunt (同音词) aren’t 16. dear (同音词) deer 17. family tree 家谱 18. thanks for …(同义词组) thank you for … 因为……而感谢19. a photo of my family (同义词组) my famly photo 我的全家福20. a map of China. 一幅中国地图21. a picture of our classroom. 一张教室的图片22. a photo of me 一张我的照片（本人） a photo of mine. 我的一张照片 （不一定是本人）II．交际运用1. 介绍对方的时候要用 This is …. 例如： This is my friend.2. 介绍近处的人或事物时要用 This is … （单数）和 These are …(复数)；介绍远处的人或事物时要用 That is …(单数) 和 Those are …(复数)。例如：This is my sister. That is my brother. These are my parents. Thoese are my aunt and uncle.3. Is this / that your mohter ? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t . 这 / 那是你的妈妈吗? 是的， 她是。 / 不, 她不是。4. Are these / thoese his grandparents? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. 这（些）/ 那（些）是他的祖父母吗？ 是的，他们是。/ 不， 他们不是。5. Is she your aunt ? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. 她是你的阿姨吗？ 是的，她是。 / 不，她不是。6. Is he your uncle? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. 他是你的叔叔吗？ 是的，他是。 / 不，他不是。7. Is Anna your daughter? Yes, she is. She is my daughter. 安娜是你的女儿吗？ 是的，她是。 她是我的女儿。8. Is Paul your cousin? No, he isn’t. He is my friend. 保罗是你的堂兄弟吗？ 不，他不是。 他是我的朋友。9. Here is + n.(单数)… Here is my family photo. 这是我的全家福。Here are + n.(复数)… Here are some flowers. 这（些）是一些花。10. Thanks for the photo of your family. 谢谢你的全家福。III． 句型转换1. This/ That is my friend? (一般疑问句) --- Is this/ that your friend?2. Is this / that your brother? (作肯定和否定回答)]--- Yes, it it . No, it isn’t.3. These / Those are my rulers. (改为单数) --- This/ That is my ruler.4. These / Those are her books. (改为一般疑问句) --- Are these / those her books?5. Are these / those his cousins? (作肯定和否定回答) --- Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.6. She is my aunt. (改为一般疑问句) --- Is she your aunt ?7. He is Anna’s father. (改为否定句) --- He isn’t Anna’s father.8. Thanks for the picture of your family. (同义句) --- Thank you for your family picture.9. Here is my key. (变为复数句) --- Here are my keys.10. Is Dave your friend? (作肯定回答) --- Yes, he is.11. This/ That is Mona. (划线部分提问) --- Who is this / that? 12. These /Those are his photos. (划线部分提问) --- What are these / those ？IV. 名词的数1. 普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es，可是偏偏有一些名词不听话，变化不规则。这些小调皮是： a.以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的词，复数要加-es：classes, boxes, watches, brushesb.以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词，复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es: families, stories.c.以-f 或-fe结尾的词，一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es: life- lives, leaf-leavesd. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是"元音字母+o" 的词加-s，我们学过的有radios, zoos 。末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词，变复数加-es。如：tomatoes, heroes, potatoes，当然其中的piano 和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s 2. child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse（mice）, man（men ）, woman（women ）等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；3. deer，sheep, Chinese, Japanese等词更是懒得可以，竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 4. people，police 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。5. maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国），the United Nations（联合国）等应视为单数。 6. 别奇怪，名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 a. man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：menworkers， women teachers。 b. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 两百棵树。 这个你可以去书店买辅导书看，上面比较全。

英语短语：

1、abide by遵守；信守；忠于（某人）；接受；

2、be faithful to对……忠诚；

3、be absent from缺席，不在；

4、absence of mind心不在焉；

5、take up the attention of吸引……的注意力；

6、be absorbed in全神贯注于，专心致志于；出神；只顾；

7、be lost in陷入；全神贯注于，沉湎于，不胜……之至；

8、be engrossed in埋头；

9、be focused on集中在；

10、be abundant in富于……

11、be rich in富于；含有丰富的……

12、access to能接近，进入，了解；有权使用；

13、by accident偶然地；不经意；

14、by chance碰巧；偶然地，意外地；无意之中；偏巧；

15、without accident安全地；

16、of one's own accord主动地，自愿地；自行；

17、in accord with与……一致，融合；

18、with one accord全体一致，一致地；

19、in accordance with与……一致，依照；禀承；秉承；

20、in agreement with同意，与……一致；

21、on one's own account为某人自己的利益打算；

22、at one's own risk自担风险；

23、by oneself自行；单独，独力；孑然一身；各自；

24、on account先付；暂付；用赊购的办法；用分期付款的办法；

25、be based on / upon基于；

26、for the benefit of为了……的利益（好处）；

27、of account重要的；

28、take into account顾及；重视，考虑；

29、give an account of记述；报告，叙述，说明；

30、account for说明（原因、理由等）；导致，引起；（在数量、比例上）占；对……负责；

31、on account of由于；基于；

32、on no account绝不，切莫；

33、in no case无论如何不；

34、for no reason无缘无故；没有理由的；无端；平白；

35、accuse of指责，控告；

36、charge with承担；给……充（电）;给……装（炸药）;充满；

37、complain about抱怨，投诉；

38、be accustomed to习惯于；习以为常；

39、be in the habit of习惯于……，有……的习惯；

40、be used to习惯于，适用于。