grips英文

流经圆锥形聚合的模子 3.1. 介绍 3.1.1主题 金属的The研究流经圆锥形聚合的模子盖子这样过程象拔丝， open-die挤压、流体静力的挤压和挤压通过一个局限的房间。 Figure代表宿营并且死。 宿营被做一同类的各向同性的material; 考虑以后将被给予易变的有形资产。 在以下simplification，宿营是半径Ro一把圆柱形标尺; 标尺减少到半径Rf被forcing穿过的它圆锥形聚合死。 减少从被计量宿营的cross-section区域在入口的对模子(Ao)对那在出口(Af)。 在减少过程介入的Three可变物立即被注意： 1.减少，可以由半径比Ro/Rf测量，区域比率[(Ro/2 2 Rf)]对区域的减少： r = (Ao - Af)/Ao = 1 - Af/Ao = [1 - (Rf/Ro)]百分之2 reduction在区域： r% = [1 - (Rf/Ro)]*100或有效或对数张力： [Meff = 2*ln (Ro/Rf)] 2. 半锥体角度， (")，一半模子角度; 在拔丝”相对地是small，可能对12E的6E; 开放死挤压也许使用“= 60E; 为 extrusion通过一个闭合的房间，模子也许是方形的，即与“= 90E。 3. 第三可变物是模子和标尺之间的摩擦

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Flow Through Conical Converging Dies 通过圆锥会聚模的流动3.1. INTRODUCTION 3.1 引言3.1.1 The Subject 3.1.1 主题The study of metal flow through conical converging dies covers such processes as wire drawing, open-die extrusion, hydrostatic extrusion, and extrusion through a confined chamber. 金属流过圆锥会聚模的研究包括像拉丝、开式冷挤压、静液挤压和通过约束腔的挤压之类的工艺。Figure <1> represents a billet and die. 图1示出了一个毛坯和一个模具。The billet is made of an homogeneous isotropic material毛坯由一种均匀的各向同性材料制成； consideration will be given later to variable material properties.后面将对可变的材料性质给予考虑。 In the following simplification, the billet is a cylindrical rod of radius Ro; the rod is reduced to radius Rf by forcing it to pass through the conical converging die. 在以下的简化中，毛坯是一种半径为Ro的圆杆；该圆杆被迫通过圆锥会聚模而使半径缩小到Rf。Reduction is measured from the cross-section area of the billet at the entrance to the die (Ao) to that at the exit (Af). 半径的缩小通过模具入口处（Ao）到出口处（Af）的横截面积来衡量。Three variables involved in the reduction process are noted at once: 在缩径过程中涉及的三个变量马上就被注意到了：1. Reduction, which can be measured by the radius ratio Ro/Rf, the area ratio [(Ro / 2 2 Rf)], reduction in area: r = (Ao - Af) / Ao = 1 - Af / Ao = [1 - (Rf / Ro)], percent 2 reduction in area: r% = [1 - (Rf/Ro)]*100 or the effective or logarithmic strain: [Meff = 2*ln(Ro/Rf)] 1. 缩小量，它可以用半径比Ro/Rf；面积比[(Ro / 2 2 Rf)]；面积的缩小：r = (Ao - Af) / Ao = 1 - Af / Ao = [1 - (Rf / Ro)]；面积百分比2的缩小：r% = [1 - (Rf/Ro)]×100；或者有效应变或对数应变[Meff = 2*ln(Ro/Rf)]来衡量。2. The Semi-cone Angle, ("), half the die angle; in wire drawing " is relatively small, possibly 6E to 12E; open- die extrusion may employ an " = 60E; for extrusion through a closed chamber, the die may be square, namely with " = 90E. 2. 在拉丝中的半锥角（“），即模具的半角相对较小，可能在6E到12E; 开式冷挤压可能采用 “ =60E; 对于通过闭合腔的挤压来说，模具可能是方的，即具有” =90E。3. The third variable is friction between the die and the rod.3. 第三个变量为模具和坯料杆之间的磨擦。

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以下资料供你参考。grip n.A tight hold; a firm grasp: 紧握，抓牢紧紧拿住，抓牢：a drowning swimmer now safely in the grip of a lifeguard.溺水的游泳者现已被救生员牢牢抓住The pressure or strength of such a grasp: 握力紧紧抓住的压力或力量：a wrestler with an unmatched grip.有无可匹敌握力的摔跤选手A manner of grasping and holding: 握、拿的方式抓握和拿的方式：The crate afforded no comfortable grip.这个篮子抓起来很不顺手Intellectual hold; understanding: 掌握，理解知识上的掌握，理解：a good grip on French history.对法兰西历史掌握得很好Ability to function properly or well; competence: 能力，胜任能正常并很好地运作的能力，胜任：getting a grip on the new technique.学会掌握新科技A mechanical device that grasps and holds. 夹，钳，夹具能抓牢或握紧的一种机械装置A part, such as a handle, that is designed to be grasped and held. 柄，把设计用来被人握住或抓住的部件，如把手A suitcase or valise.手提包或小提箱A stagehand who helps in shifting scenery. 舞台工作人员帮助撤换布景的舞台工作人员A member of a film production crew who adjusts sets and props and sometimes assists the camera operator. 剧组工作人员电影摄制剧组中调整布景和道具并不时帮助摄影的工作人员grip v. gripped; grip.ping; grips;grip v.tr.To secure and maintain a tight hold on; seize firmly. 握紧，抓牢对…保持紧握，抓牢To hold the interest or attention of: 吸引住吸引…的兴趣或注意力：a scene that gripped the entire audience.一场吸引住整场观众的戏grip v.intr.To maintain a secure grasp. 抓牢，紧握保持紧握Middle English中古英语fromOld English gripe[ grasp ].源自古英语 gripe[ 抓紧 ]. gripa[ handful ] gripa[ 一把 ]handlen.柄，把手 vt.拿，触 han.dled; han.dling; han.dles;handle v.tr.To touch, lift, or hold with the hands.用双手触摸、举起或握住To operate with the hands; manipulate.用手操作；操纵To deal with or have responsibility for; conduct:处理或负责；管理：handles matters of corporate law.处理公司法的事物To cope with or dispose of:对付或处理：handles problems efficiently.有效地处理问题To direct, execute, or dispose of:指示，实行，处理：handle an investment.进行一项投资To manage, administer to, or represent:管理，支配，代表：handle a boxer.给拳击手作经纪人To deal or trade in the purchase or sale of:经营买卖、经销：a branch office that handles grain exports.经营谷物出口的一家分公司handle v.intr.To act or function in a given way while in operation: 操作，操控操作时以指定的方式行动：a car that handles well in the snow; a boat that handles poorly in rough water.在雪地里易于驾驶的车子；在急流中难以操控的船handle n.A part that is designed to be held or operated with the hand. 把手设计用来由手握住或操纵的部位An opportunity or a means for achieving a purpose. 可乘之机实现目的的机会或方式 Slang 【俚语】A person's name. 名称，头衔一个人的名字 Games 【游戏】The total amount of money bet on an event or over a set period of time. 赌注在一次或一段固定的时间内的用来打赌的钱的总数get a handle on or have a handle on InformalTo achieve an understanding of:理解，明白：I was finally able to get a handle on the true nature of the problem.最终我能够理解这个问题的实质