元首英文further

基本格式很简单，主要就是开头称呼和结尾祝语。Dear Mr. xxBest regards,（这个是比Yours Sincerely更常用的，虽然读书的时候教的是这个）June Ye(你的名字)正不正式还要看你的内容里面的用词了。多用一些礼貌用语吧，比如thanks for your time, your prompt reply is much appreciated, etc.

problems the end of the 13 days 2 hours sudong profile： this rhyothemis hole attractions located in Liaoning province Benxi Eastern suburbs, from the City 26 km / h.this rhyothemis đong is currently found in the world ichinaga underground mitsuru water grotten, 1983 opening; 1994 PRC State Council approved for the country focus attractions; 1997 international travel alpera Association accepted as Asia's first batch of members; March 2002, is the national Integ AAAA - level attractions scenic areas, and by ISO9002 quality system certification.this rhyothemis hole formal since she opened up, has cairang's.they 120 countries and regions in, foreign tourists 800 more, including 40 countries of the heads of State and heads of Government, “ hokkoku a chrysoberyl ”, “ tianxia ”, “ Asia wonders first-class ”, “ world rare ”. this rhyothemis hole attractions is to sudong for the centres, including onchon, Sume atoyama, kammon Dagi, hetanggou and Dagi, rail sat country focus attractions, is set Dagi, shuilin, đong bronn, hunei, forest, and so on the natural landscape and temples, 古人类 sites such as cultural landscape yconsubstantiality, dalny waterfront, have flown from the papineau 's, Changbai canh appointed blossoms form on the exceptional scenic attractions. this rhyothemis hole is millions of years ago the formation of large mitsuru water grotten, is located in the margin Benxi 26 kilometres East of mountains Prince Edward de Duero liwu 112.4 degrees five minutes, North of latitude –40 18 minutes, horauchi fenshui, drought, the second đong.this rhyothemis đong dokuchi block South of the North, dokuchi high 16mpd foom 25mPD, Neisseria 半月形, top carved Bo yibo 手书 “ this rhyothemis đong ” four oaza.Susumu dokuchi is a high of more than 20 metres, it is, can accommodate a thousand people of “ nghinh living room ”.lobby to the right, drought, đong long 300 m, alpera high-low, "but, in the hole, tortuous watch, there are dongtian, đong and iwakabe stalactite more along with a slit flocks of diptheria–pertussis–tetanus, rendering all kinds of butsuzo, not Hsiu tools natural%, just like tatsumiya fairyland.furui, ryongdam, hectopascals step pool, the landscape, providing the free 联翩, 留连忘返.kwangdong - end is a honglin qingtan,, moisture, which got Jingu Akan radiosensitive. lobby positive, is leading to sudong the Terminal, square metres of water, is like a quiet fancy “ Gavan, ”, lighting, water in the Lagoon, holes in the different formations 倒映 where people as fairyland.from quard ngane in their original positions to pick up - level and, through the promenade from Terminal on the ship, you can free-floating sudong.sudong Yanjiang of 58 metres, is now developing the 2 600 metres, area by 3.6 million square metres, space more than 40 million cubic metres of water, the most open Department 38 m foom - 70 metres.lobby positive over 1000 square metres of water, terminals and berthing Lagoon 40 vessels at the same time, canoeing you can free-floating sudong, sudong's sudong yukinaga, sudong of shenkeng, 飞瀑 zhimei, and then, you have to be impressed: "chong'iu Qifeng canh, 轻舟 bishui of letters, zhongxiu should only be 仙界 so, of the human single dongtian". horauchi air fluency, tsuru never soldiers, each day and night flow 1.4 million tonnes, the average depth of 1.5 metres, the most ocllo, 7 m, horauchi, Raleigh, 12 ° c by River tortuous Yuen - 蜒, River transparence and see the end of horauchi in “ sanhsia ”, “ nanamiya ”, “ nine bend ”, crisscross needlework technique “ nine Galaxy ”.waters along the đong body expand, Defense - in - $ 2.3 km, and when khok when Sayama, tortuous, horauchi stalactite, shisun and Shizhu more from a slit per won out, not 雕饰 forming a variety of butsuzo.these butsuzo, badgered, a great Spectator.from the ferry boats in line, you appreciate 飞泉 actually, Po mouthpiece, haichao, 宝莲灯, sarumawashi, canaliculata Seong, mejoramiento THAP, bonding, amazing Shek, Lung, Tanjung, stacan, tsurugi group, chilin, stacan, salto, 独角 Sai, the harvest season, tarumi dreamings, Santa, mitered THAP, tamazo, Epee, Maurya CRAG e - ten, Himal, and so on.they are relatively, image as realistic as possible.especially the cornstarch THAP, tamazo and Himal three King, is even more of its franchise, a few genitalia.

一、格式

1、如果信的内容比较长，会超过一页，那就换一张纸继续打下去，但是不要加入信头，而是用空白、纸质好的白纸。

第二页都要在页面顶端写上收件人的姓名、页数和日期，也可以加上参考文号或主旨。可以把所有这些信息都靠左对齐，或是把姓名靠左对齐，页数打在中央，日期则靠右，然后空三行，继续信的内容。

2、商务信函结束语（Complimentary Close）结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称，只占一行，低于正文一二行，从信纸的中间或偏右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语视写信人与收信人的关系而定。

二.范文

Dear Mr. Zhang,

We acknowledge your mail of April 10.

We should have contacted with you earlier, but, unfortunately, we have been working to meet a deadline.

We have not yet made any decision, but we think we may be able to arrive at one at the end of this weekend. We will let you know the result when it is reached.

Yours sincerely,

ABC Company

扩展资料:

常见的英文信函

1、缩进式缩进式是传统的格式，信函内正文每段起首向右缩写。现在已经基本不用这种格式了。

2、齐头式齐头式是现代改进的格式又叫垂直式，日期、封内地址、称呼、正文、结尾敬语及签署等的每一行起首靠左边，排列整齐，不向右缩进。

3、改良齐头式结合了缩进式与齐头式的特点：①段落首行齐头，新段落与左边界齐头，如同齐头式。②寄件人地址、日期、结尾敬辞和签名都缩排，如同缩排式。

1, Air China is the only Chinese flag flying civil aviation company, bear the national leaders to visit abroad China plane tasks, also undertake many foreign heads of state and government specially chartered tasks at home, this is Air China's unique national flag to elite status. Have to Boeing and airbus each model 497, average age 6.33 years; Operating passenger routes has amounted to 298, including 71 international routes, 15 regional flights and 212 domestic routes, navigation country (region) 31, navigable city, 154, 47, including international area 3, 104; With the star alliance member airlines such as cooperation, will serve to further expand to 1328 destinations in 195 countries. Air China for seven years between 2007 and 2013 world brand 500 strong, become the only company to enter the CAAC \"world brand\" top 500 enterprises.Type 2, top luxury seats: half box seats, 180 degrees flat, belonging to passenger's personal space. Australia from high quality pure wool with high quality leather upholstery, long flight also feel comfortable. 23 inches can be a touch screen, prevent noise headphones, perfect show entertainment storm. More private storage space, including almirah, carry-on baggage storage area. Equipped with individual power supply and USB port to meet personalized needs.3, the first domestic selecting dynamic scene lighting system. Analog sunset effect, reduce the passenger tired feeling. A soft blue and lavender to passengers in lavender garden of peaceful feeling.4, personal entertainment systems: personal entertainment system upgrade, allow passengers to enjoy movies, television, music and other entertainment, monthly updates, and special attention to the small language national passenger preference. Higher running speed to swimming in the joy of the game of 3 d.

英文商务书信的基本格式包括三种格式

1、 商务书信的格式(1) ：齐头式

齐头式（block style）是一种简便的商务书信格式，在齐头式中，文件或信中的每个部分都从左边界起头。不同的部分——比如说不同的段落或地址——则以空行的方式隔开。齐头式很简单，因此非常受欢迎。其主要格式如下：

段落齐头：在齐头式中，文件或信中的每个部分都从左边界起头。不同的段落之间要空行：不同的部分（比如说不同的段落，或商务书信中的地址），则以空行的方式隔开——

(1) 寄信人地址和收件人的地址之间：空三行(2) 称呼与信件正文的第一段之间：空一行(3) 信件正文的段落之间：空一行(4) 大小标题与随后的段落之间：不空行

2、商务书信的格式(2)：改良齐头式

改良齐头式（modified block style）结合了缩排式与齐头式的特点，它看起来跟缩排式很像，而最大的不同，就是在改良齐头式中：

①段落首行齐头，新段落与左边界齐头（flush left）。

②寄件人地址、日期、结尾敬辞和签名都缩排，如同缩排式。改良齐头式就跟齐头式一样，版面看起来清晰整齐，它是商务书信经常使用的格式。

3、商务书信的格式(3)：缩排式

缩排式（indented style）比其他通用的商务书信格式稍微复杂一些。缩排式是比较老式的商务书信格式，所以很多人都熟悉这种格式。在缩排式里，每个段落的首行要缩排，信件中某些其他部分也要缩排。

有些人觉得缩排式是商务书信最传统的格式，但是也有些人觉得这种格式过时了。有些人觉得缩排式在页面上看起来不是那么清晰，有时候要把缩排的地方上下对齐也不是那么容易，而其他的格式应用起来通常比较简单。

现在大家更喜欢采用其他新的格式，但是很多商务人士还是习惯使用缩排式。在商务书信中，缩排式的意思就是要缩排，要缩排的部分包括：

1) 段落的第一行2) 寄件人地址（return address）3) 寄件日期（date）4) 结尾敬辞（complimentary close）5) 签名（signature）

采用缩排式时，最重要的就是要前后一致，缩排最少要六格，要缩更多格也可以——只要每个段落缩排的距离都一样。对于商务书信中的其他要素也一样，重要的原则是缩排的距离一样，彼此上下对齐。

① 段落的第一行要缩排

每个段落的首行都缩排，与正文的左边界距离 1.5 厘米左右；这是最常见的缩排距离，但是大于 3.5 厘米的缩排也有人用。不同的公司对于怎么缩排、缩排多少可能有不同的习惯。关键就是要前后一致，也就是每段缩排的距离都一样。要把段落缩排有几种可行的做法：

可以按几次空格键可以按一次tab 键也可以利用段落格式设定的功能

通常你会用 enter 键在段落之间多空一行，但是采用缩排式的商务书信，也可能在段落之间不空行。不过最重要的原则仍然是要前后一致。

② 商务书信中的其他部分缩排商务书信采用缩排式时，还有其他的部分也要缩排：寄件人地址、日期、结尾敬辞、签名。这些部分的缩排方式，应该从页面的右半边起头，统一从页面中线稍微往右的地方起头。

商务书信介绍

商务书信就是公司写给其他公司、客户、顾客或合作伙伴的信件，其使用的语言比一般朋友之间的书信语言要正式，并以商业流程或商业交易等为主要内容。

需要写商务书信的情况

你会用商务书信与顾客、客户、商业伙伴和其他公司进行沟通。有些商务书信是“公司写给公司”，有些则是不同公司个人之间的书信往来。

商务书信的格式，与学术写作或创意写作不同。通常一家公司会就所有的内部文件和通信，采用一种固定的格式。如果你的公司已经有固定的格式，那就按照公司的格式。

信的长度超过一页时，安排格式

如果信的内容比较长，会超过一页，那就换一张纸继续打下去，但是不要加入信头，而是用空白、纸质好的白纸。至于第二页的格式要怎么安排，有几种不同的做法，但是你至少都要在页面顶端写上收件人的姓名、页数和日期，有些人还会加上参考文号或主旨。

你可以把所有这些信息都靠左对齐，或是把姓名靠左对齐，页数打在中央，日期则靠右，然后空三行，继续信的内容。

扩展材料

商务信函书信是日常生活中常用的文体，是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具。书信一般可分为商务信件或公函（Business Letter or Official Correspondence）和私人信件（Private Letter）两大类。

①对没有头衔的男性一般称呼 Mr.

②对女性一般称呼 Mrs.， Madam 或 Miss。

③对收信人的称呼，也可用头衔或职位的名称，不分性别。例如 Professor （缩写为 Prof.），Doctor （缩写为 Dr.）， General (缩写为 Gen.) 。这些称呼都放在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，如 Prof. （Phil）White等。

④对外公函中对收信人的称呼，可用 Gentlemen （而不是 Gentleman），Dear Sir (s)和 My dear Sir(s)等。Gentlemen 之前不能加 Dear， 后面也不能带姓名。用 Sirs 时，前面常用 Dear 一词，但也可单独用 Sir。若收信人是妇女，则无论已婚或未婚，都可单独使用 Madam 或其复数 Mesdames。

⑤对外国高级官员的称呼，如国家元首、政府首脑、部长、大使、公使和特使等，可用（Dear）Sir， （Dear）Mr. Chairman，（Dear）Mr. Premier， （My dear）Mr. Ambassador，Your Excellency （复数为 Excellencies）。

⑥对君主制国家的国王和皇帝等男性君主，可以 Sir 称呼，对女王、女皇和皇后等女性君主，可用 Madam 称呼。有时也用 Your Majesty 称呼以表示。客气和尊敬Your Majesty 可兼指男性和女性，其复数为 Your Majesties。

⑦对王室成员，如太子、王子、亲王和公主等，一般可用（Dear）Sir 或（Dear）Madam 但在正式尊称时，一般用 Your Highness (复数为 Highnesses)。商务信函信的正文（Body of the Letter）信的正文每段第一行应往右缩进约四五个字母。在写事务性信件时，正文一般开门见山，内容简单明了，条理清楚。在写私人信件时，信写好之后若有什么遗漏，可用 P. S.表示补叙。

商务信函结束语（Complimentary Close）结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称，只占一行，低于正文一二行，从信纸的中间或偏右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语视写信人与收信人的关系而定。

签名（Signature）信末的签名一般低于结束语一二行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始写。若写信人是女性，与收信人又不相识，则一般在署名前用括号注上 Miss, Mrs.或 Ms.，以便对方回信时知道如何称呼。有的还有署名后写上自己的职称、职务或头衔

附件（Enclosure）信件若有附件，应在左下角注明 Encl. 或 Enc.。若附件不止一个，则应写出2（或3，4，5等）Encls.

再启（Postscript, 缩写为 P. S.）再启部分用于补叙正文中遗漏的话，一般应尽量少用，正式的函件中更应避免使用。

私人和公务信函--注意事项首先，写信者应设身处地想到对方，尊重对方的风俗习惯。

其次，英文信应该行文流畅、言简意赅，避免冗长。这就是说，写信者应用尽可能少的文字表达其必须传递的信息，而且写信者应将其所需传递的信息表达清楚，以免对方产生误解。

书信交往，同样需要以礼待人。因而在写信过程中，要避免伤害对方感情，措辞上多选用些礼貌婉转词语。

最后，除了避免语法、拼写、标点错误外，信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无误.私人和公务信函--常用句式。

权利法案，和1701年英国王位继承法 这两个确立了 英国君主立宪制，是法律上的依据。 元首是Prime Minister 中文翻译成为 首相 也就是以前的布莱尔 现在的布朗。下面是1689 英国权利法案的原文，你可以看一下，另外 你可以在百度百科好像有中文的翻译。 自己总结一下就出来了。BILL OF RIGHTS1689An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the CrownWhereas the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons assembled at Westminster, lawfully, fully and freely representing all the estates of the people of this realm, did upon the thirteenth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred eighty-eight [old style date] present unto their Majesties, then called and known by the names and style of William and Mary, prince and princess of Orange, being present in their proper persons, a certain declaration in writing made by the said Lords and Commons in the words following, viz.:Whereas the late King James the Second, by the assistance of divers evil counsellors, judges and ministers employed by him, did endeavour to subvert and extirpate the Protestant religion and the laws and liberties of this kingdom;By assuming and exercising a power of dispensing with and suspending of laws and the execution of laws without consent of Parliament;By committing and prosecuting divers worthy prelates for humbly petitioning to be excused from concurring to the said assumed power;By issuing and causing to be executed a commission under the great seal for erecting a court called the Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes;By levying money for and to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative for other time and in other manner than the same was granted by Parliament;By raising and keeping a standing army within this kingdom in time of peace without consent of Parliament, and quartering soldiers contrary to law;By causing several good subjects being Protestants to be disarmed at the same time when papists were both armed and employed contrary to law;By violating the freedom of election of members to serve in Parliament;By prosecutions in the Court of King's Bench for matters and causes cognizable only in Parliament, and by divers other arbitrary and illegal courses;And whereas of late years partial corrupt and unqualified persons have been returned and served on juries in trials, and particularly divers jurors in trials for high treason which were not freeholders;And excessive bail hath been required of persons committed in criminal cases to elude the benefit of the laws made for the liberty of the subjects;And excessive fines have been imposed;And illegal and cruel punishments inflicted;And several grants and promises made of fines and forfeitures before any conviction or judgment against the persons upon whom the same were to be levied;All which are utterly and directly contrary to the known laws and statutes and freedom of this realm;And whereas the said late King James the Second having abdicated the government and the throne being thereby vacant, his Highness the prince of Orange (whom it hath pleased Almighty God to make the glorious instrument of delivering this kingdom from popery and arbitrary power) did (by the advice of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and divers principal persons of the Commons) cause letters to be written to the Lords Spiritual and Temporal being Protestants, and other letters to the several counties, cities, universities, boroughs and cinque ports, for the choosing of such persons to represent them as were of right to be sent to Parliament, to meet and sit at Westminster upon the two and twentieth day of January in this year one thousand six hundred eighty and eight [old style date], in order to such an establishment as that their religion, laws and liberties might not again be in danger of being subverted, upon which letters elections having been accordingly made;And thereupon the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons,pursuant to their respective letters and elections, being now assembled in a full and free representative of this nation, taking into their most serious consideration the best means for attaining the ends aforesaid, do in the first place (as their ancestors in like case have usuallydone) for the vindicating and asserting their ancient rights and liberties declare:That the pretended power of suspending the laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal;That the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of laws by regal authority, as it hath been assumed and exercised of late, is illegal;That the commission for erecting the late Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes, and all other commissions and courts of like nature, are illegal and pernicious;That levying money for or to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative, without grant of Parliament, for longer time, or in other manner than the same is or shall be granted, is illegal;That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal;That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law;That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defence suitable to their conditions and as allowed by law;That election of members of Parliament ought to be free;That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament;That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted;That jurors ought to be duly impanelled and returned, and jurors which pass upon men in trials for high treason ought to be freeholders;That all grants and promises of fines and forfeitures of particular persons before conviction are illegal and void;And that for redress of all grievances, and for the amending,strengthening and preserving of the laws, Parliaments ought to be held frequently.And they do claim, demand and insist upon all and singular the premises as their undoubted rights and liberties, and that no declarations, judgments, doings or proceedings to the prejudice of the people in any of the said premises ought in any wise to be drawn hereafter into consequence or example; to which demand of their rights they are particularly encouraged by the declaration of his Highness the prince ofOrange as being the only means for obtaining a full redress and remedy therein.Having therefore an entire confidence that his said Highness the prince of Orange will perfect the deliverance so far advanced by him, and will still preserve them from the violation of their rights which they have here asserted, and from all other attempts upon their religion, rights and liberties, the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons assembled at Westminster do resolve that William and Mary, prince and princess of Orange, be and be declared king and queen of England, France and Ireland and the dominions thereunto belonging, to hold the crown and royal dignity of the said kingdoms and dominions to them, the said prince and princess, during their lives and the life of the survivor to them, and that the sole and full exercise of the regal power be only in and executed by the said prince of Orange in the names of the said prince and princess during their joint lives, and after their deceases the said crown and royal dignity of the same kingdoms and dominions to be to the heirs of the body of the said princess, and for default of such issue to the Princess Anne of Denmark and the heirs of her body, and for default of such issue to the heirs of the body of the said prince of Orange. And the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons do pray the said prince and princess to accept the same accordingly.And that the oaths hereafter mentioned be taken by all persons of whom the oaths have allegiance and supremacy might be required by law, instead of them; and that the said oaths of allegiance and supremacy be abrogated."I, A.B., do sincerely promise and swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to their Majesties King William and Queen Mary. So help me God.""I, A.B., do swear that I do from my heart abhor, detest and abjure as impious and heretical this damnable doctrine and position, that princes excommunicated or deprived by the Pope or any authority of the see of Rome may be deposed or murdered by their subjects or any other whatsoever. And I do declare that no foreign prince, person, prelate, state or potentate hath or ought to have any jurisdiction, power, superiority, pre-eminence or authority, ecclesiastical or spiritual, within this realm. So help me God."Upon which their said Majesties did accept the crown and royal dignity of the kingdoms of England, France and Ireland, and the dominions thereunto belonging, according to the resolution and desire of the said Lords and Commons contained in the said declaration.And thereupon their Majesties were pleased that the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons, being the two Houses of Parliament, should continue to sit, and with their Majesties' royal concurrence make effectual provision for the settlement of the religion, laws and liberties of this kingdom, so that the same for the future might not be in danger again of being subverted, to which the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons did agree, and proceed to act accordingly.Now in pursuance of the premises the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons in Parliament assembled, for the ratifying, confirming and establishing the said declaration and the articles, clauses, matters and things therein contained by the force of law made in due form by authority of Parliament, do pray that it may be declared and enacted that all and singular the rights and liberties asserted and claimed in the said declaration are the true, ancient and indubitable rights and liberties of the people of this kingdom, and so shall be esteemed, allowed, adjudged, deemed and taken to be; and that all and every the particulars aforesaid shall be firmly and strictly holden and observed as they are expressed in the said declaration, and all officers and ministers whatsoever shall serve their Majesties and their successors according to the same in all time to come.And the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons, seriously considering how it hath pleased Almighty God in his marvellous providence and merciful goodness to this nation to provide and preserve their said Majesties' royal persons most happily to reign over us upon the throne of their ancestors, for which they render unto him from the bottom of their hearts their humblest thanks and praises, do truly, firmly, assuredly and in the sincerity of their hearts think, and do hereby recognize, acknowledge and declare, that King James the Second having abdicated the government, and their Majesties having accepted the crown and royal dignity as aforesaid, their said Majesties did become, were, are and of right ought to be by the laws of this realm our sovereign liege lord and lady, king and queen of England, France and Ireland and the dominions thereunto belonging, in and to whose princely persons the royal state, crown and dignity of the said realms with all honours, styles, titles, regalities, prerogatives, powers, jurisdictions and authorities to the same belonging and appertaining are most fully, rightfully and entirely invested and incorporated, united and annexed. And for preventing all questions and divisions in this realm by reason of any pretended titles to the crown, and for preserving a certainty in the succession thereof, in and upon which the unity, peace, tranquility and safety of this nation doth under God wholly consist and depend, the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons do beseech their Majesties that it may be enacted, established and declared, that the crown and regal government of the said kingdoms and dominions, with all and singular the premises thereunto belonging and appertaining, shall be and continue to their said Majesties and the survivor of them during their lives and the life of the survivor of them, and that the entire, perfect and full exercise of the regal power and government be only in and executed by his Majesty in the names of both their Majesties during their joint lives; and after their deceases the said crown and premises shall be and remain to the heirs of the body of her Majesty, and for default of such issue to her Royal Highness the Princess Anne of Denmark and the heirs of the body of his said Majesty; and thereunto the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons do in the name of all the people aforesaid most humbly and faithfully submit themselves, their heirs and posterities for ever, and do faithfully promise that they will stand to, maintain and defend their said Majesties, and also the limitation and succession of the crown herein specified and contained, to the utmost of their powers with their lives and estates against all persons whatsoever that shall attempt anything to the contrary.And whereas it hath been found by experience that it is inconsistent with the safety and welfare of this Protestant kingdom to be governed by a popish prince, or by any king or queen marrying a papist, the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons do further pray that it may be enacted, that all and every person and persons that is, are or shall be reconciled to or shall hold communion with the see or Church of Rome, or shall profess the popish religion, or shall marry a papist, shall be excluded and be for ever incapable to inherit, possess or enjoy the crown and government of this realm and Ireland and the dominions thereunto belonging or any part of the same, or to have, use or exercise any regal power, authority or jurisdiction within the same; and in all and every such case or cases the people of these realms shall be and are hereby absolved of their allegiance; and the said crown and government shall from time to time descend to and be enjoyed by such person or persons being Protestants as should have inherited and enjoyed the same in case the said person or persons so reconciled, holding communion or professing or marrying as aforesaid were naturally dead; and that every king and queen of this realm who at any time hereafter shall come to and succeed in the imperial crown of this kingdom shall on the first day of the meeting of the first Parliament next after his or her coming to the crown, sitting in his or her throne in the House of Peers in the presence of the Lords and Commons therein assembled, or at his or her coronation before such person or persons who shall administer the coronation oath to him or her at the time of his or her taking the said oath (which shall first happen), make, subscribe and audibly repeat the declaration mentioned in the statute made in the thirtieth year of the reign of King Charles the Second entitled, _An Act for the more effectual preserving the king's person and government by disabling papists from sitting in either House of Parliament._ But if it shall happen that such king or queen upon his or her succession to the crown of this realm shall be under the age of twelve years, then every such king or queen shall make, subscribe and audibly repeat the same declaration at his or her coronation or the first day of the meeting of the first Parliament as aforesaid which shall first happen after such king or queen shall have attained the said age of twelve years.All which their Majesties are contented and pleased shall be declared, enacted and established by authority of this present Parliament, and shall stand, remain and be the law of this realm for ever; and the same are by their said Majesties, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons in Parliament assembled and by the authority of the same, declared, enacted and established accordingly.II. And be it further declared and enacted by the authority aforesaid, that from and after this present session of Parliament no dispensation by _non obstante_ of or to any statute or any part thereof shall be allowed, but that the same shall be held void and of no effect, except a dispensation be allowed of in such statute, and except in such cases as shall be specially provided for by one or more bill or bills to be passed during this present session of Parliament.III. Provided that no charter or grant or pardon granted before the three and twentieth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred eighty-nine shall be any ways impeached or invalidated by this Act, but that the same shall be and remain of the same force and effect in law and no other than as if this Act had never been made.