敏芳在上海
初中英语语法是初中学习的重点,下面总结了初中英语语法知识点,希望能帮助到大家学习英语。
英语句子成分分七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语:句子的主体,全句述说的对象。回答是“谁”或者“什么”。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当,位于句首。
如:The boy needs a pen.
Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you
2、谓语:说明主语的动作或状态。回答“做(什么)”。由动词或系动词加表语担任,常置于主语后。
如:The train leaves at 6 o’clock.
She is reading.
3、宾语:表示动作的对象。回答做的是“什么”。一般由名词或代词担当,常置于谓语后。
如:He won the game.
He likes playing computer.
注意:
(1)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物(直接宾语),一个指人(间接宾语)。
间接宾语一般放在直接宾语前面。
如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)
(2)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。
如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
4、表语:用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。一般由名词或形容词担任,置于系动词或be动词之后。
如:He is a student. We are tired.
注意:除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,
(1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
(2)表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等。
(3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。
如:The black bike is mine.(形容词)
The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语)
I have nothing to do today.(动词不定式)
注意:
(1)当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如: I tell him something interesting.
(2)不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。
例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games.
6、状语:用以修饰动词、形容词、副词及全句,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任位置灵活。
(1)修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;
如:I am very sorry.
(2)表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首。
如:In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.
They are writing English in the classroom.
(3)一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。
如:We often help him.
He is always late for class.
7、补语:补充说明宾语怎么样或干什么,。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。
如:He made me sad.(形容词)
She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式)
The war made him a soldier.(名词)
I find him at home.(介词短语)
I saw a cat running along the wall.(分词)
8、同位语:通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。
如:Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
I myself will do the experiment.
She is the oldest among them six.
1、表示年份:2002: twenty thousand and two ; 1976 : nineteen seventy-six.
2、表示日期: 12月1日: Dec.1st或the first of December;2002年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2002.
3、表示时刻: 5:15→ five fifteen或a quarter past five ; 8:30→ eight thirty或half past
eight ; 10:45→ ten forty-five或a quarter to eleven.
4、表示编号:Room 105→Room one 0 five; Bus No.13→Bus Number Thirteen; P.5→Page Five;Tel.No.7658659→Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine
5、小数的读法:5.7→ five point seven, 0.16 →zero point one six.
6、“半”的表达: 1/2→half, 半小时→half an hour, 1.5小时→one and a half hours或one hour and a half.
7、序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。
1、概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2、句子结构:have/has + done
3、时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
4、否定形式:have/has + not +done.
5、一般疑问句:have或has。
1、概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2、时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
3、基本结构:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
4、用法:
(1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
例如: We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
(2)习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
(3)表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
例如:The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
(4)与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
例:You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
(5)用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬时动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。
例:I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
1、概念:指经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2、时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,every week(day,year,month…),once a week,on Sundays,
3、基本结构:动词+原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(e)S)
4、否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5、一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
1、概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2、时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month…),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.
3、基本结构:含有Be动词主语+was/were+.不含有be动词:主语+动词过去式+.
4、否定句:带be:主语+was/were not+动词原形+.不带be:主语+didn't+动词原形+.
5、一般疑问句:含be动词was或were放于句首;
不含be动词用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词原型。
1、概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2、时间状语:at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3、基本结构:was/were+doing
4、否定形式:was/were+not+doing.
5、一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
1、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2、时间状语:tomorrow,next day(week,month,year…),soon,in a few minutes,by…,the day after tomorrow,etc.
3、基本结构:am/is/are+going to+do;will/shall+do.
4、否定形式:am/is/are+not+going to;在行为动词前加will/shall(will适用于所有人称,shall只用于第一人称)
5、一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
1、概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2、时间状语:the next day(morning,year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3、基本结构:was/were+going to+do;would/should+do.
4、否定形式:was/were+not+going to+do;would/should+not+do.
5、一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should提到句首。
快乐的森蝶
初中生要想学好英语一定要熟练的掌握英语语法知识点,接下来我给大家总结了初中英语重点语法的内容,希望对同学们学习有帮助。
1、第一种 主语+连系动词+表语 ( S+V+P)
The bike is new.
The map is on the wall.
2、第二种 主语+不及物动词 ( S+V)
He swims.
3、第三种 主语+及物动词+宾语 ( S+V+O)
Children often sing this song.
4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ( S+V+IO+DO)
She showed her friends all her pictures.
5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 ( S+V+O+C)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
1、主语
Betty likes her new bike.
He gets up early every day.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
2、谓语
We work hard.
The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother.
They all look fine.
3、表语
Her sister is a nurse.
It’s me. I’m ready.
He got angry.
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken.
4、宾语
Tom bought a story-book.
I saw him yesterday.
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
5、直接宾语和间接宾语
He gave me some ink.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
6、宾语补足语
Call her Xiao Li.
You must keep the room clean.
John asked me to help him.
7、定语
This is a green jeep.
This is an apple tree.
Are these students your classmates?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
I have something to tell you.
8、状语
You are quite right.
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.
He stopped to have a look.
1、名词
(1)名词的数
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,可数名词有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
①最常见的是在后面加s。例:boy-boys、girl-girls
②以s,x,sh,ch结尾加es。例:bus-buses、watch-watches
③以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i再加es。例:baby---babies、city-cities
④以y结尾的专有名词或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s。例:monkey---monkeys
⑤有些以f或fe结尾的,把f或fe变ve加s。例:leaf-leaves、shelf-shelves
2、代词
(1)人称代词:I我、you你、he他、she她、they他们
(2)指示代词:this这、that那、these这些、those那些
(3)反身代词:myself我自己、himself他自己、yourself你(们)自己
(4)疑问代词:who谁、what什么、which哪个
(5)不定代词:some一些,many许多、both两个、两个都、any许多
(6)关系代词:which……的物、who……的人、that……的人或物
(7)相互代词:each other 互相、one another互相
(8)连接代词:who,whom、whose、what、which、whatever
(9)替代词:one(单数)、ones(复数)
3、动词
(1)实义动词:说(say)、看(see)、走(walk)、听(listen)
(2)情态动词:能够(can)、会(can/will)、该/应该/应当(should)
(3)系动词:be、keep、rest、remain、stay
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