落跑蚂蚁
煤矿科技—— MODERN USES OF COAEighty-six percent of the coal used in the United States is burned by electric power plants [1] to produce electricity. When burned, coal generates energy in the form of heat. In a power plant that uses coal as fuel, this heat converts water into steam, which is pressurized to spin the shaft of a turbine. This spinning shaft [2] drives a generator that converts the mechanical energy of the rotation into electric power. Coal is also used in the steel industry. The steel industry uses coal by first heating it and converting it into coke [3], a hard substance consisting of nearly pure carbon. The coke is combined with iron ore [4] and limestone [5]. Then the mixture is heated to produce iron. Other industries use different coal gases given off during the coke-forming process [6] to make fertilizers, solvents [7], medicine, pesticides, and other products.Fuel companies convert coal into easily transportable gas [8] or liquid fuels [9]. Coal-based vapor fuels [10] are produced through the process of gasification [11]. Gasification may be accomplished either at the site of the coalmine [12] or in processing plants [13]. In processing plants, the coal is heated in the presence of steam and oxygen to produce synthesis gas [14], a mixture of carbon monoxide [15], hydrogen, and methane [16] used directly as fuel or refined into cleaner-burning gas [17].On-site gasification [18] is accomplished by controlled, incomplete burning of an underground coal bed while adding air and steam. To do this, workers ignite the coal bed, pump air and steam underground into the burning coal, and then pump the resulting gases from the ground. Once the gases are withdrawn, they may be burned to produce heat or generate electricity. Or they may be used in synthetic gases to produce chemicals or to help create liquid fuels .Liquefaction [19] processes convert coal into a liquid fuel that has a composition similar to that of crude petroleum [20] Liquefaction. Coal can be liquefied either by direct or indirect processes. However, because coal is a hydrogen-deficient hydrocarbon [21], any process used to convert coal to liquid or other alternative fuels [22] must add hydrogen. Four general methods are used for liquefaction: (1) pyrolysis [23] and hydrocarbonization [24], in which coal is heated in the absence of air or in a stream of hydrogen; (2) solvent extraction [25], in which coal hydrocarbons are selectively dissolved and hydrogen is added to produce the desired liquids; (3) catalytic liquefaction [26], in which hydrogenation [27] takes place in the presence of a catalyst; and (4) indirect liquefaction, in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are combined in the presence of a catalyst. NOTES TO THE TEXT[1] electric power plants：发电厂 [2] spinning shaft：旋转轴[3] coke：焦炭 [4] iron ore：铁矿石 [5] limestone：石灰岩 [6] coke-forming process：焦炭形成过程[7] solvents：溶剂[8] easily transportable gas：易输送的气体 l[9] liquid fuels：液体燃料 [10] coal-based vapor fuels：以媒为基础的气态燃料[11] gasification：气化 [12] coalmine：煤矿 [13] processing plants：加工厂 [14] synthesis gas：合成煤气 [15] carbon monoxide：一氧化碳[16] methane：沼气，甲烷 [17] cleaner-burning gas：洁净煤气 [18] on-site gasification：地下气化 [19] liquefaction：液化 [20] crude petroleum：原油 [21] hydrogen-deficient hydrocarbon：缺氢碳氢化合物 [22] alternative fuels：替代燃料 [23] pyrolysis：高温分解 [24] hydrocarbonization：碳氢化作用[25] solvent extraction：溶剂提取 [26] catalytic liquefaction：催化液化作用 [27] hydrogenation：氢化作用
妖精狮子
(I hope all these will be beneficial to you)Definitions of Coal mine on the Web: 1.An area of land and all structures, facilities, machinery, tools, equipment, shafts, slopes, tunnels, excavations, and other property, real or ... 2.Includes areas of adjoining mines connected underground. 3.a mine where coal is dug from the ground 4.A mine from which coal is mined Natural history of coal mine: famous song about coal mine:"working in a coal mine" by Lee DorseyWorkin' in a coal mineGoin' down down downWorkin' in a coal mineWhop! about to slip downWorkin' in a coal mineGoin' down down downWorkin' in a coal mineWhop! about to slip downFive o'clock in the mornin'I'm all ready up and goneLord I am so tiredHow long can this go on?I'm workin' in a coal mineGoin' down down downWorkin' in a coal mineWhop! about to slip downWorkin' in a coal mineGoin' down down downWorkin' in a coal mineWhop! about to slip downCos I'm on call in the mornin'Oh I go by the coalBut when Saturday goes aroundI'm too tired for havin' fun (Too tired for having fun)I been workin'in a coal mineGoin' down down downWorkin' in a coal mineWhop! about to slip downWorkin' in a coal mineGoin' down down downWorkin' in a coal mineWhop! about to slip downLord I am so tiredHow long can this go on?I'm workin' in a coal mineGoin' down down downWorkin' in a coal mineWhop! about to slip downWorkin' in a coal mineGoin' down down downWorkin' in a coal mineWhop! about to slip downFive o'clock in the mornin'I'm all ready up and goneLord I am so tiredHow long can this go on?I'm workin' in a coal mineGoin' down down downWorkin' in a coal mineWhop! about to slip downWorkin' in a coal mineGoin' down down downWorkin' in a coal mineWhop! about to slip downCos I'm on call in the mornin'Oh I go by the coalBut when Saturday goes aroundI'm too tired for havin' fun (Too tired for having fun)I been workin'in a coal mineGoin' down down downWorkin' in a coal mineWhop! about to slip downWorkin' in a coal mineGoin' down down downWorkin' in a coal mineWhop! about to slip down
大熊二的小熊大
Coal mining is the extraction or removing of coal from the earth for use as fuel. A coal mine and its accompanying structures are collectively known as a colliery. For the world history see History of coal mining. See also world coal reserves and major coal exporters
redfishchy
goaf，old waste 老塘(采空区）gob water，waste water 老塘水Continuous Miner 连续采煤机coking coal 炼焦煤outcrop 露头Roof collaspe 冒顶mining concession 煤矿开采（特许）权mine field 煤田mudstone 泥岩gob bleeder 排气孔（采空区）spalling rib 片帮side falling accident 片帮事故easy grade, gentle slope 平缓坡度paralell operation 平行作业proctor method 葡式压实法protodyakonov scale of hardness 普氏硬度指数front canopy 前探梁inclined angle 倾斜的角度slope pillar 倾斜矿柱Global Positioning System（GPS） 全球卫星定位系统heat sensor 热传感器sandstone 砂岩overlying strata 上覆地层rise heading drivage, rise driving 上山开采法equipment amortization 设备折旧level workings 水平巷道hydrologic observation 水文观测room crosscut 通风联络小巷legend 图例erodibility 土壤流失性fltting speed 推进速度mandate 托管methane discharge volume 瓦斯排放（涌出）量gas outburst potential 瓦斯突出heading stope 巷道回采工作面roadway head 巷道掘进工作面heading chain pillar 巷道矿柱excavated section of road 巷道毛断面small-sized lumps 小块煤oblique fault 斜断层slope collar/mouth 斜井井口slope invert 斜井仰拱inclined hole 斜孔slope 斜坡，斜面，斜井leave allowances 休假期lithological characters 岩性hydrolic shield 液压掩护式支架possible ore 远景储量haulage track 运输路线full face mining 整个工作面采煤normal fault 正常断层duty room 值班室medium-sized lumps 中块front entry 主平巷mainline conveyor 主线输送机main inclined shaft 主斜井main slope, main slant 主斜井host rock 主岩leading coal producing province 主要产煤省fitting allowance 装配余量preparatory workings 准备巷道Dump Truck 自动倾卸卡车respirator 自救器spontaneous combustion 自燃profile 纵切面line brattice 纵向隔风墙drill rig 钻机，凿岩机hole month 钻孔口部drill bit 钻头pin timbering scoop & blast crew 炮采队Continuous Miner crew 连采队crew leader 带班长expanding rib 扩帮cut bottom 割底feeder 破碎机auger bit 螺旋钻头auger drilling 螺旋钻空dump valve 倾泄阀(安全阀)electrical system 电气系统exhaust/emission control 排风/散热控制water supply & sprays 用水供给/喷淋cable reeler 电缆摆动架feeder breaker cable 破碎机断路器电缆enlarged entry width 扩帮巷道宽度gathering system 煤炭收集系统load out conveyor 卸载传输装置dust extraction 吸尘装置distribution control box 控制配电箱trapped equipment 塌陷设备coal preparation plant 选煤厂service car, SMV car 服务车hand drill 煤电钻roof bolt 顶锚roof bolter 锚杆机speedy drivage 快速掘进methane electrical generation 瓦斯发电electromagnetic valve 电磁阀roadheader 综掘机(巷道掘进机)这里有文章，自己看一下。
