草本Jing樺
标准的英语会对英语学习者产生积极的影响。许多英语学习者都想要说一口地道的英语。我整理了关于解析英语句子语法，欢迎阅读!
It 的用法
<例句>
It was you who had been wrong.
错的是你。
<语法分析>
it 强调句子的主语，可用 who 或 that 引导句子的后面部分。用于强调的 it，可以对句子的某一处成分加以强调。例如可以强调句子的主语、宾语以及状语等。It 的用法有很多，它最基本的用法是作代词，主要代表刚提到的事物以避免重复，也可以代表某些抽象事物或代表一个彼此都知其何所指的东西。有时也可以不指具体的东西，例如天气、环境和时间等。先行词的it 主要作为句子的形式主语，从而使句子变得平稳。
<触类旁通>
(1) It was a great surprise to me when she did a thing like that.
她做这样的事情我大为吃惊。
语法分析：It代表抽象的事物。
(2) Where does it hurt?
哪儿疼?
语法分析：it代表一个彼此都知其何所指的东西。
(3) How fat is it to Beijing?
到北京有多远?
语法分析：it代表距离。
(4) It was she who lent us the money.
是她借钱给我们的。
语法分析：it用于强调句中，强调句子的主语。
(5) It's beyond me to say why.
我无法说个究竟。
语法分析：It作先行词，作句子的形式主语，有平稳句子的作用，句子谓语有这几种：be +形容词或名词，介词短语+不定式，及物动词+宾语+不定式。
<巩固练习>
1. _____ says here there was a big fire in the city.
2. “Why, ____ is you!” she cried.
3. _____ takes two to make a quarrel.
4. Why is _____ that everyone thinks I'm narrow-minded?
5. Was _____ you that broke the window?
6. Does _____ itch much?
<参考答案>
1. It 2. it 3. It 4. it 5. it 6. it
自身代词和相互代词
<例句>
She prided herself on her cooking.
她为自己的烹调技术感到骄傲。
<语法分析>
自身代词在句子中作宾语，此外自身代词还可以作表语、主语等，有时也用作宾语的同位语。在一些成语中也可以用到自身代词。相互代词其实只有两个，即：one another 和 each other，它们可以表示两个人或几个人之间的相互关系，在句子中可以作宾语或介词宾语，也可以和's一起构成定语。
<触类旁通>
(1) Let me introduce myself.
我来介绍我自己。
语法分析：自身代词在句子中主要用作宾语。
(2) Take good care of yourself.
好好保重。
语法分析：自身代词也常用作介词宾语。
(3) The president himself gave her the medal.
校长亲自给她颁发了奖章。
语法分析：用作主语。
(4) He wanted to see Mary herself.
他想见玛丽本人。
语法分析：作宾语的同位语。
(5) We have known each other for many years.
我们相识很多年了。
语法分析：相互代词作宾语。
(6) We don't see much of each other.
我们不常见面。
语法分析：用作介词宾语。
(7) Each tried to do more than the other.
他们争着多干活。
语法分析：有时each other还可以分开。
<巩固练习>
1. One should not praise _____.
2. They called _____ weavers.
3. Please help _____ to some meat.
4. She reproached _____ for her behavior that evening.
5. She didn't pay for _____.
6. Miss Brown was sitting by ______ on a beach.
7. He has a small room to _____.
8. We each know what the _____ thinks.
<参考答案>
1. oneself 2. themselves 3. yourself 4. herself 5. herself 6. herself 7. himself 8. other
疑问代词和连接代词
<例句>
What color are the curtains?
窗帘是什么颜色?
<语法分析>
疑问代词 what 在句子中作定语，此外还可以作主语、宾语或介词宾语等，which 也有这样的用法。此外，what 还可以用作表语。问候 在句子中多作主语或表语，whom 在句子中多作宾语或介词的宾语，在紧跟介词时只能用 whom。whose 可以用作定语、主语、表语或宾语等成分。连接代词与疑问代词同形，可以引导各种从句，在从句中它们可以作主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语和定语等。
<触类旁通>
(1) Who would like to go with me?
谁愿和我一起去?
语法分析：who 在句子中多作主语或表语。
(2) Whom are you writing to?
你在给谁写信呀?
语法分析：whom 在句子中多作宾语或介词的宾语。
(3) To whom did you give the parcel?
你把包裹给谁了?
语法分析：在紧跟介词时只能用 whom，不能用 who.
(4) Whose is better, yours or hers?
谁的比较好，你的还是她的?
语法分析：whose 表示谁的，用作主语。
(5) What is your father?
你父亲是干什么的?
语法分析：what还可以用作表语。
(6) Show me what you have in your hand.
把你手上的东西给我看看。
语法分析：what 引导从句，表示“the thing which...”。
(7) I will give you what help I can.
我将尽量给你帮助。
语法分析：在从句中 what 有时用作定语。
<巩固练习>
1. _____ did you see?
2. _____ do you mean?
3. I asked him _____ came into the room.
4. Do you know _____ that girl's mother is?
5. That is _____ I want to know.
6. Let me know _____ bus you'll be arriving on.
7. I must decide _____ to do with her.
<参考答案>
1. Whom 2. What 3. who 4. what 5. what 6. which 7. what
润风水尚
英语句子成分语法讲解
一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)
He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe. (不定式)
What he needs is a book. (主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep.
三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的'性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)
Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)
Five and five is ten. (数词)
He is asleep. (形容词)
His father is in. (副词)
The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式)
The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)
常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，
taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉) ….
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
四、宾语：
1)动作的承受者——动宾
I like China. (名词)
He hates you. (代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词)
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
五、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词)
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)
We will make them happy. (形容词)
We found nobody in. (副词)
Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)
Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)
I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)
六、主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
七、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the third world. (数词)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Cla2. (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)
You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)
八、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列) I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pathe exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
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