叶烨夜夜
Lesson Three More Crime and Less Punishment 答案: Key to the Exercises II. Vocabulary 1. Practice using the rules of word formation 1)Examine how the words “approval”and “nontraffic”are formed. Find out the meaning of the suffix "-al" and prefix "non-" with the help of a dictionary. approval: approve + -al nontraffic: non- + traffic Suffix "-al", from Latin, is used to form nouns meaning "the act of", e. g. approve + -al ---- approval (n. ) = the act of approving Prefix "non-", from Latin, usually means "not". 2) Turn the following verbs into nouns by adding "-al" and vice versa. Add more words to the list. Verb Noun Verb Noun renew -> renewal arrive <- arrival deny denial disapprove disapproval dismiss dismissal propose proposal refuse refusal withdraw withdrawal survive survival 3) Add the prefix "non-" to the following words and then put them into Chinese. (1) 不侵犯 （6）非专业的；非专业人员 (2）不合作 （7）不抵抗 (3) 不存在 （8）不抽烟者 (4) 非小说作品 （9）不标准的 (5) 不干涉 （10）非暴力 2. Give the opposite of the following. 1) to disapprove 2) uncertainty 3) uncomfortable 4) destruction 5) cheap/inexpensive 6) past 7) rise/increase 8 ) unfeasible/infeasible/impossible/impractical 9) gentle/mild 10) to release 11)minor/unimportant 12) minimum 13) unnecessary 14) powerful 15) unreal 16) to increase 17) to accept 18) to gather/ to collect 19) soft 20) nonviolence 3. Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below in their proper forms. 1) work out to 2) so ... as to 3) due to 4) pay for 5) has charge of 6) was faced with 7) get tough with 8) the other way around 9) works out to/amounts to 10) under (close) supervision 12) works out to 13) under the supervision of 14) amount to 4. Supply three or four verbs/phrasal verbs, or nouns/noun phrases for the following. 1) commit, deter, prevent, punish, reduce (crimes) 2) carry out, conduct, do 3) find, offer, seek, suggest, work out, have 4) carry out, impose, make, present 5) find, gather, give, produce, provide, seek 6) a worker, a class, a proposal, a question, a suggestion, the charge 7) knowledge, experience, strength, weight, speed, permission, approval, admission, advantage 8) a prisoner, a film, a missile, information, news, pain, sb.'s arm, the bird 9) the birth/death/crime rate, one's voice, rent, the interest, the price, the taxes, the standards 10) a debt, cash, rent, the interest, the price, the taxes, the tuition, wages, salary 5. Choose the right word from the bracket and put it in the proper form. 1) cost 2) paid 3) spend 4) convince 5) persuade 6) convinced 7) rejected/refused 8) rejected 9) refuse 10) refused 6. Examine the uses of "fail" and "suggest" in the sentences below. List other possible uses of these words and then make sentences after the models. Other possible uses of "fail" and "suggest": fail: to fail (vi. ) to fail sb. Suggest: to suggest sth. to suggest doing sth. to suggest + that-clause in the subjective mood 7. Give the verb patterns of the underlined part in the sentences below, list other possible verbs, and then, based on the information given, complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. Verb patterns: to be + wh-clause to make + it + adj. + to-infinitive (phrase) Other possible verbs: consider, feel, find, think One possibility of the sentences; 1) what Robert has decided to do with his money when Robert is going to build a library in his town with his own money how Robert is going to spend his money next year where Robert is going to build a library with his own money 2) why/how the two leaders finally became rivals 3) why they preached their ideas persistently 4) where we agreed to meet yesterday 5) when I've helped sb. out of difficulty/when I feel really useful/when I feel myself needed and wanted/when I am respected and loved/when I have the power and money to do sth. worthwhile, etc. 6) feel it necessary to stay with my grandmother and take care of her 7) has made it possible for the central and western parts of China to develop at a much faster speed 8) have found it profitable to invest big money in recycling industrial wastes 9) think it essential to have a highly developed culture if we want to modernize our society 10) consider it important to see our limitations as well as our strengths 8. Put in the missing words. (1) looked (2) home (3) at (4) a (5) furniture (6) always (7) later (8) tied (9) the (10) Other (11) police (12) Carrying (13) line (14) wonder (15) did (16) as (17) led (18) stopped (19) help (20) puzzled (21) down (22) staring (23) It's (24) else (25) me (26) at (27) drove III. Grammar 1.Combine each pair of the sentences after the model using the words and expressions below. 1) The boy fell off his bike and broke his leg. 2) It rained all day yesterday, so we got nothing done in the fields. 3) The man was so tired that he could hardly put one foot before the other. 4) The old man walked 50 fast that his children found it hard to keep up with him. 5) The man was so badly injured that they took him straight to the hospital. Or: The man was badly injured and was taken straight to the hospital. 6) I don't think he is so stupid as to give up his present position when jobs are hard to obtain. 7) The professor spoke very fast, 50 (that) none of the students could take complete notes. Or: The professor spoke so fast that none of the students could take complete notes. 8) We found so much to talk about that it was late at night when we remembered the time. 9) Mr. Hu repeated his remarks in English and French, so that nobody misunderstood what he said. 10) The man went to meet a girlfriend he had got to know on the Web, but only to find she was his own wife. 11) As it's something urgent, the sooner you finish it, the better. Or: As it's something urgent, please finish it as soon as possible. 12) The medical team must set out immediately, because the sooner they arrive, the more victims they will be able to save. 2. Rewrite the sentences as shown in the examples. 1) Using "as ...as" (1) Adults love Hans Christian Andersen's stories as much as children (do). (2) In China, New Concept English is almost as popular as Professor Xu's textbook English. (3) Sometimes a journalist's job is as dangerous as that of a policeman. (4) A society needs farmers and factory workers as much as it needs scientists and economists. (5) At 60, he is as eager to learn as he was 40 years ago when he was a college student. (6) The film wasn't as good as we expected. It was just so-so. (7) He is not doing as well as his parents want him to. (8) The boys find life at college is not as exciting as they used to think. (9) The guard spoke as politely as if the boy were a welcome guest. (10) In old age, a man's life is as calm and peaceful as a river running through a vast plain. 2) Using "more ... than" (1) Prices have been rising faster than incomes. (2) Relations between the two countries are better than they were 10 years ago. (3) Since the end of World War II, the world has been changing faster than before the war. (4) Today a high school student knows more about the personal computer than scientists did 50 years ago. (5) The world has become more crowded than it was 50 years ago. (6) On the whole, people are living a better life than they did 30 years ago. (7) The sooner you learn from your mistakes, the more you will improve. (8) The more you learn, the better you will see how little you knew before. 4.Learn to use the passive voice correctly. 1) The sentences tell us about the changes that have taken place in your hometown in the last twenty years or so. Turn each of them into the passive form and write it down in the space below. (1) Most slums have been pulled down. (2) Quite a lot of decent economical houses have been built for low-income families. (3) The main streets have been widened, and three superhighways have been constructed. (4) The service industry has been steadily developed. (5) Over the years, thousands of jobs have been created in the service industry for the residents. (6) A lot has been done to improve the environment. (7) Quite a number of factories have been moved out of the city. (8) A lot of money has been spent on education and medical care. (9) More than 40,000 young people have been enrolled in the universities in the last three years. (10) The facilities of our major hospitals have been upgraded. 2) Change the infinitive phrase into suggestions, using the pattern "I think something should be done" or "I suggest (that) something be done". (1) TV violence should be strictly controlled. (2) The police force should be provided with better equipment and training. (3) Criminals/crimes should be punished more severely when crimes/they are on the increase. (4) Those who help the police fight crime should be awarded. (5) Emphasis should be put on rehabilitation instead of on punishment. (6) Efforts should be made to turn criminals into useful members of society. (7) Wrongdoers should be given opportunities to start life afresh. (8) Lawbreakers who are willing to turn over a new leaf shoul4 not be looked down upon. (9) As long as they behave themselves? released prisoners should no longer be treated as criminals. IV Written Work Answer the question in about 130 words. Do you agree with the author that severe punishment is not the answer to the problem of crime? Sample: I don't think that severe punishment is the answer to the problem of crime. But I look at the matter from a different point of view. The author simply believes harsh punishment isn't feasible because it costs too much. My view is that punishment, including harsh measures; is necessary but punishment alone won't help much. It is effective only when governments make effort to wipe out what gives rise to crimes, for example, poverty, inequality, racial hatred, money worship, TV violence, etc. , in short, to remove barriers for less fortunate members of society to better themselves. Punishment can produce good results only when it is combined with effective correctional measures to make law-abiding citizens out of criminals. This is a difficult but worthwhile job. (124 words)
北京大妞轩儿
Text AThe Nightingale and the RoseOscar WildeRead the text once for the main idea. Do not refer to the notes, dictionaries or the glossary yet."She said that she would dance with me if I brought her red roses," cried the young Student, "but in all my garden there is no red rose."From her nest in the oak tree the Nightingale heard him and she looked out through the leaves and wondered."No red rose in all my garden!" he cried, and his beautiful eyes filled with tears. "Ah, I have read all that the wise men have written, and all the secrets of philosophy are mine, yet for want of a red rose my life is made wretched.""Here at last is a true lover," said the Nightingale. "Night after night have I sung of him, and now I see him."The Prince gives a ball tomorrow night," murmured the young Student, "and my love will be there. If I bring her a red rose she will dance with me till dawn. I shall hold her in my arms, and she will lean her head upon my shoulder. But there is no red rose in my garden, so I shall sit lonely and my heart will break.""Here, indeed, is the true lover," said the Nightingale. Surely love is a wonderful thing. It is more precious than emeralds and opals."The musicians will play upon their stringed instruments," said the young Student, "and my love will dance to the sound of the harp and the violin. She will dance so lightly that her feet will not touch the floor. But with me she will not dance, for I have no red rose to give her," and he flung himself down on the grass, and buried his face in his hands, and wept."Why is he weeping?" asked a green Lizard, as he ran past him with his tail in the air."Why, indeed?" said a Butterfly, who was fluttering about after a sunbeam."Why, indeed?" whispered a Daisy to his neighbor, in a soft, low voice."He is weeping for a red rose," said the Nightingale."For a red rose?" they cried, "how very ridiculous!" and the little Lizard, who was something of a cynic, laughed outright. But the Nightingale understood the Student's sorrow, and sat silent in the Oak-tree.Suddenly she spread her brown wings for flight, and soared into the air. She passed through the grove like a shadow and like a shadow she sailed across the garden.In the centre of the grass-plot stood a beautiful Rose-tree, and when she saw it she flew over to it. "Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song."But the Tree shook its head."My roses are white," it answered, "as white as the foam of the sea, and whiter than the snow upon the mountain. But go to my brother who grows round the old sun-dial, and perhaps he will give you what you want."So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing round the old sun-dial."Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song." But the Tree shook its head."My roses are yellow," it answered, "as yellow as the hair of the mermaiden, and yellower than the daffodil that blooms In the meadow. But go to my brother who grows beneath the Student's window, and perhaps he will give you what you want."So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing beneath the Student's window."Give me a red rose," she cried, "and I will sing you my sweetest song." But the Tree shook its head."My roses are red," it answered, "as red as the feet of the dove, and redder than the great fans of coral. But the winter has chilled my veins, and the frost has nipped my buds, and the storm has broken my branches, and I shall have no roses at all this year.""One red rose is all that I want," cried the Nightingale, "only one red rose! Is there no way by which I can get it?""There is a way," answered the Tree, "but it is so terrible that I dare not tell it to you." "Tell it to me," said the Nightingale, "I am not afraid.""If you want a red rose," said the Tree, "you must build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with your own heart's blood.You must sing to me with your breast against a thorn. All night long you must sing to me, and the thorn must pierce your heart, and your life-blood must flow into my veins, and become mine.""Death is a great price to pay for a red rose," cried the Nightingale, "and life is very dear to all. Yet love is better than life, and what is the heart of a bird compared to the heart of a man?"So she spread her brown wings for flight, and soared into the air. She swept over the garden like a shadow, and like a shadow she sailed through the grove.The young Student was still lying on the grass, and the tears were not yet dry in his beautiful eyes. "Be happy," cried the Nightingale, "be happy, you shall have your red rose. I will build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with my own heart's blood. All that I ask of you in return is that you will be a true lover."The Student looked up from the grass, and listened, but he could not understand what the Nightingale was saying to him. But the Oak-tree understood and felt sad, for he was very fond of the little Nightingale. "Sing me one last song," he whispered. "I shall feel lonely when you are gone."So the Nightingale sang to the Oak-tree, and her voice was like water bubbling from a silver jar.When she had finished her song, the Student got up."She has form," he said to himself, as he walked away. "That cannot be denied. But has she got feeling? I am afraid not. In fact, like most artists, she is all style without any sincerity." And he went to his room, and lay down on his bed, and after a time, he fell asleep.And when the Moon shone in the heaven, the Nightingale flew to the Rose-tree, and set her breast against the thorn. All night long she sang with her breast against the thorn, and the cold crystal Moon leaned down and listened. All night long she sang, and the thorn went deeper into her breast, and her life-blood ebbed away from her.She sang first of the birth of love in the heart of a boy and a girl. And on the topmost spray of the Rose-tree there blossomed a marvelous rose, petal following petal, as song followed song.But the Tree cried to the Nightingale to press closer against the thorn. "Press closer, little Nightingale," cried the Tree, "or the Day will come before the rose is finished."So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn, and louder and louder grew her song, for she sang of the birth of passion in the soul of a man and a maid.And a delicate flush of pink came into the leaves of the rose, like the flush in the face of the bridegroom when he kisses the lips of the bride. But the thorn had not yet reached her heart so the rose's heart remained white.And the Tree cried to the Nightingale to press closer against the thorn. "Press closer, little Nightingale," cried the Tree, "or the Day will come before the rose is finished."So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn, and the thorn touched her heart, and a fierce pang of pain shot through her. Bitter, bitter was the pain, and wilder and wilder grew her song, for she sang of the Love that is perfected by Death, of the Love that dies not in the tomb.And the marvelous rose became crimson. Crimson was the girdle of petals, and crimson as ruby was the heart.But the Nightingale's voice grew fainter and a film came over her eyes. Fainter and fainter grew her song, and she felt something choking her in her throat.Then she gave one last burst of music. The white Moon heard it, and she forgot the dawn, and lingered on in the sky. The Red Rose heard it, and trembled all over with ecstasy, and opened its petals in the cold morning air."Look, look!" cried the Tree, "the rose is finished now." But the Nightingale made no answer, for she was lying dead in the long grass, with the thorn in her heart.And at noon the Student opened his window and looked out."Why, what a wonderful piece of luck!" he cried, "here is the reddest rose I have ever seen." And he leaned down and plucked it.Then he put on his hat, and ran up to the Professor's daughter with the rose in his hand."You said that you would dance with me if I brought you a red rose," cried the Student. "Here is the reddest rose in all the world. You will wear it tonight next your heart, and as we dance together it will tell you how I love you."But the girl frowned."I am afraid it will not go with my dress," she answered, "and besides, the Chamberlain's nephew has sent me some jewels, and everybody knows that jewels cost more than flowers.""Well, upon my word, you are very ungrateful," said the Student angrily; and he threw the rose into the street, where it fell into the gutter."What a silly thing Love is!" said the Student as he walked away. "In fact it is quite unpractical, and as in this age to be practical is everything, I shall go back to Philosophy."So he returned to his room and pulled out a great dusty book, and began to read.
