妹喜儿lady
摘要英文：abstract
abstract 读法 英 [ˈæbstrækt] 美 [ˈæbstrækt]
短语：
1、abstract in red and yellow 红黄相间的抽象画
2、abstract from a magazine 杂志摘要
3、abstract of a contract 合同的摘要
示例：
It might also be necessary to supply an abstract of the review of the literature as well.
可能也有必要提供这篇文学评论的摘要。
词语用法：
1、abstract用作名词时其意思有以下几点：一是“抽象概念”; 二是“抽象派艺术作品”,如抽象画、抽象雕塑、抽象设计等; 三是文献等的“摘要; 概要; 精粹; 梗概”,多指学术或法律方面比较艰深或复杂的文字摘要。
2、abstract常用于短语in the abstract中,意思是“就一般而言; 抽象地; 在理论上”, abstract前的定冠词the不可遗漏。
词义辨析：
abstract, digest, outline, summary这四个词都可表示“摘要”,即对已经流行的文字进行压缩的结果。其区别是：
1、从原始材料上说:summary和outline用于任何一篇文章; abstract用于一篇学术或法律方面比较艰深或复杂的文章; 而digest则用于来源不同的若干篇文章。
2、从含义上说:abstract强调简洁和实质性内容的集中; summary注重简练,而不刻意追求风格或事实、细节; outline侧重“要点”; 而digest则通常不仅要展示原作的精髓,也常常保留原作的语言和风格。
3、从形式上说:abstract, summary和digest都是一篇短文; 而outline则可以是一篇短文,也可以是一些编号或关键性词语。
4、从位置上说:abstract一般位于正文之前; summary和outline既可位于正文之前,也可独立成篇; digest则完全是另一篇文章。
huixin0090
Abstract:In 1602, Chen-di, came from Lianjiang of the Fujian Province, arrived Taiwan, following General Shen You-rong, whose mission was to rid the sea of the pirates. The following year, Chen recorded this adventurous anecdote in his article entitled "An Account of the Eastern Barbarians" (Dong Fan Ji). The following is extracted from the article: During the reign of Ming Dynasty Emperor Yongle, eunuch Admiral Zheng-he led the fleet to claim tribute from the barbarians beyond the seas. The Eastern Barbarians did not obey to the decree, and ran away. Therefore, Zheng-he left behind a bell for the leader of the barbarians to be tied around his neck. Obviously, Zheng-he has treated the Eastern Barbarians as if they were "uncivilized dogs". This bell was kept in good condition since then. In fact, the bell meant to be a handy gift and a friendly gesture as Zheng-he failed to meet the tribes in person during his visit. The ""uncivilized dog" comment was merely Chan-di's personal interpretation, which was no more than an add-on epilogue.Keywords: Zheng-he, the bell gift, unrelated with dogs, Chen-di, Dong Fan Ji
