故都的秋英文

Autumn in Peiping

作品原文

秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的；可是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清，来得静，来得悲凉。我的不远千里，要从杭州赶上青岛，更要从青岛赶上北平来的理由，也不过想饱尝一尝这“秋”，这故都的秋味。

江南，秋当然也是有的，但草木凋得慢，空气来得润，天的颜色显得淡，并且又时常多雨而少风；一个人夹在苏州上海杭州，或厦门香港广州的市民中间，混混沌沌地过去，只能感到一点点清凉，秋的味，秋的色，秋的意境与姿态，总看不饱，尝不透，赏玩不到十足。秋并不是名花，也并不是美酒，那一种半开、半醉的状态，在领略秋的过程上，是不合适的。

不逢北国之秋，已将近十余年了。在南方每年到了秋天，总要想起陶然亭的芦花，钓鱼台的柳影，西山的虫唱，玉泉的夜月，潭柘寺的钟声。在北平即使不出门去吧，就是在皇城人海之中，租人家一椽破屋来住着，早晨起来，泡一碗浓茶，向院子一坐，你也能看得到很高很高的碧绿的天色，听得到青天下驯鸽的飞声。从槐树叶底，朝东细数着一丝一丝漏下来的日光，或在破壁腰中，静对着像喇叭似的牵牛花（朝荣）的蓝朵，自然而然地也能够感觉到十分的秋意。说到了牵牛花，我以为以蓝色或白色者为佳，紫黑色次之，淡红色最下。最好，还要在牵牛花底，叫长着几根疏疏落落的尖细且长的秋草，使作陪衬。

北国的槐树，也是一种能使人联想起秋来的点缀。像花而又不是花的那一种落蕊，早晨起来，会铺得满地。脚踏上去，声音也没有，气味也没有，只能感出一点点极微细极柔软的触觉。扫街的在树影下一阵扫后，灰土上留下来的一条条扫帚的丝纹，看起来既觉得细腻，又觉得清闲，潜意识下并且还觉得有点儿落寞，古人所说的梧桐一叶而天下知秋的遥想，大约也就在这些深沉的地方。

秋蝉的衰弱的残声，更是北国的特产，因为北平处处全长着树，屋子又低，所以无论在什么地方，都听得见它们的啼唱。在南方是非要上郊外或山上去才听得到的。这秋蝉的嘶叫，在北方可和蟋蟀耗子一样，简直像是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。

还有秋雨哩，北方的秋雨，也似乎比南方的下得奇，下得有味，下得更像样。

在灰沉沉的天底下，忽而来一阵凉风，便息列索落地下起雨来了。一层雨过，云渐渐地卷向了西去，天又晴了，太阳又露出脸来了，着着很厚的青布单衣或夹袄的都市闲人，咬着烟管，在雨后的斜桥影里，上桥头树底下去一立，遇见熟人，便会用了缓慢悠闲的声调，微叹着互答着地说：

“唉，天可真凉了——”（这了字念得很高，拖得很长。）

“可不是吗？一层秋雨一层凉了！”

北方人念阵字，总老像是层字，平平仄仄起来，这念错的歧韵，倒来得正好。

北方的果树，到秋天，也是一种奇景。第一是枣子树，屋角，墙头，茅房边上，灶房门口，它都会一株株地长大起来。像橄榄又像鸽蛋似的这枣子颗儿，在小椭圆形的细叶中间，显出淡绿微黄的颜色的时候，正是秋的全盛时期，等枣树叶落，枣子红完，西北风就要起来了，北方便是沙尘灰土的世界，只有这枣子、柿子、葡萄，成熟到八九分的七八月之交，是北国的清秋的佳日，是一年之中最好也没有的Golden Days。

有些批评家说，中国的文人学士，尤其是诗人，都带着很浓厚的颓废的色彩，所以中国的诗文里，赞颂秋的文字的特别的多。但外国的诗人，又何尝不然？我虽则外国诗文念的不多，也不想开出帐来，做一篇秋的诗歌散文钞，但你若去一翻英德法意等诗人的集子，或各国的诗文的Anthology来，总能够看到许多并于秋的歌颂和悲啼。各著名的大诗人的长篇田园诗或四季诗里，也总以关于秋的部分，写得最出色而最有味。足见有感觉的动物，有情趣的人类，对于秋，总是一样地特别能引起深沉，幽远、严厉、萧索的感触来的。不单是诗人，就是被关闭在牢狱里的囚犯，到了秋天，我想也一定能感到一种不能自已的深情，秋之于人，何尝有国别，更何尝有人种阶级的区别呢？不过在中国，文字里有一个“秋士”的成语，读本里又有着很普遍的欧阳子的《秋声》与苏东坡的《赤壁赋》等，就觉得中国的文人，与秋和关系特别深了，可是这秋的深味，尤其是中国的秋的深味，非要在北方，才感受得到底。

南国之秋，当然也是有它的特异的地方的，比如廿四桥的明月，钱塘江的秋潮，普陀山的凉雾，荔枝湾的残荷等等，可是色彩不浓，回味不永。比起北国的秋来，正像是黄酒之与白干，稀饭之与馍馍，鲈鱼之与大蟹，黄犬之与骆驼。

秋天，这北国的秋天，若留得住的话，我愿把寿命的三分之二折去，换得一个三分之一的零头。

一九三四年八月在北平。

解析

1、摹绘写情

《故都的秋》，作为写景抒情的散文，其主体部分是摹绘故都的秋景。文章采用“横式结构”，从故都“秋晨之景”、“秋槐之景”、“秋蝉之景”、“秋雨之景”、“秋果之景”五个方面，紧扣“故都”和“秋”两个词语，表现了“故都之秋”的“清、静、悲凉”的特点。

2、对比托情

文章就是通过对比，把作者对“秋的认识”“秋的情感”烘托得“饱““透”“十足”，这种对比烘托就成为了作者表达更深情感的一种手段。 作者为了把这种情感烘托、铺垫得更为深沉，在首尾两处进行照应，这一反复，情感表达就更为浓烈。

3、设誓显情

所谓“设誓”，作为一种修辞手法，为了表达这种对“故都的秋”喜爱的强烈情感，在结尾处就采用了这一方法。“秋天，这北国的秋天，若留得住的话，我愿意把寿命的三分之二折去，换得一个三分之一的零头。”这一设誓，采用假言推理作为逻辑背景，以这种不可能的方式偏离现实，表达了作者喜爱“故都之秋”的浓烈情感。

扩展资料

1927年4月12日直至1949年国民党败退台湾为止的这段时间被称为白色恐怖时期。郁达夫为躲避国民党的恐怖威胁，1933年4月，他由上海迁居到杭州。1934年7月，郁达夫从杭州经青岛去北平（今北京），再次饱尝了故都的“秋味”，并写下该文。《故都的秋》全文1500多字，运用了42个秋字来润色北国之秋的“清” “静”和“悲凉”，也处处渗透着郁达夫消极与积极情绪在纠结与斗争的痕迹。

参考资料：故都的秋 百度百科

The autumn of my hometown

Autumn in Peiping Autumn, wherever it is, always has something to recommend itself. In North China, however, it is particularly limpid, serene and melancholy. To enjoy its atmosphere to the full in the onetime capital, I have, therefore, made light of travelling a long distance from Hangzhou to Qingdao, and thence to Peiping. There is of course autumn in the South too, but over there plants wither slowly, the air is moist, the sky pallid, and it is more often rainy than windy. While muddling along all by myself among theurban dwellers of Suzhou, Shanghai, Xianmen, Hong Kong or Guangzhou, I feel nothing but a little chill in the air, without ever relishing to my heart’s content the flavour, colour, mood and style of the season. Unlike famous flowers which are most attractive when half opening, good wine which is most tempting when one is half drunk, autumn, however, is best appreciated in itsentirety. It is more than a decade since I last saw autumn in North. When I am in the South, the arrival of each autumn will put me in mind of Peiping’s Tao Ran Ting with its reed catkins, Diao Yu Tai with its shady willow trees, Western Hills with their chirping insects, Yu Quan Shan Mountain on a moonlight evening and Tan Zhe Si with its reverbrating bell. Suppose you put up in a humblerented house inside the bustling imperial city, you can, on getting up at dawn, sit in yourcourtyard sipping a cup of strong tea, leisurely watch the high azure skies and listen to pigeons circling overhead. Saunter eastward under locust trees to closely observe streaks of sunlight filtering through their foliage, or quietly watch the trumpet-shaped blue flowers of morning glories climbing half way up a dilapidated wall, and an intense feeling of autumn will of itself well up inside you. As to morning glories, I like their blue or white flowers best, dark purple ones second best, and pink ones third best. It will be most desirable to have them set off by some tall thin grass planted underneath here and there. Locust trees in the North, as a decorative embellishment of nature, also associate us with autumn. On getting up early in the morning, you will find the ground strewn all over with flower-like pistils fallen from locust trees. Quiet and smellless, they feel tiny and soft underfoot. After a street cleaner has done the sweeping under the shade of the trees, you will discover countless lines left by his broom in the dust, which look so fine and quiet that somehow a feeling of forlornness will begin to creep up on you. The same depth of implication is found in the ancient saying that a single fallen leaf from the wutong tree is more than enough to inform the world of autumn’s presence. The sporadic feeble chirping of cicadas is especially characteristic of autumn in the North. Due to the abundance of trees and the low altitude of dwellings in Peiping, cicadas are audible in every nook and cranny of the city. In the South, however, one cannot hear them unless in suburbs or hills. Because of their ubiquitous shrill noise, these insects in Peiping seem to be living off every household like crickets or mice. As for autumn rains in the North, they also seem to differ from those in the South, being more appealing, more temperate. A sudden gust of cool wind under the slaty sky, and raindrops will start pitter-pattering. Soon when the rain is over, the clouds begin gradually to roll towards the west and the sun comes out in the blue sky. Some idle townsfolk, wearing lined or unlined clothing made of thick cloth, will come out pipe in mouth and, loitering under a tree by the end of a bridge, exchange leisurely conversation with acquaintances with a slight touch of regret at the passing of time: "Oh, real nice and cool." Fruit trees in the North also make a wonderful sight in autumn. Take jujube tree for example. They grow everywhere - around the corner of a house, at the foot of a wall, by the side of a latrine or outside a kitchen door. It is at the height of autumn that jujubes, shaped like dates or pigeon eggs, make their appearance in a light yellowish-green amongst tiny elliptic leaves. By the time when they have turned ruddy and the leaves fallen, the north-westerly wind will begin to reignsupreme and make a dusty world of the North. Only at the turn of July and August when jujubes, persimmons, grapes are 80-90 percent ripe will the North have the best of autumn - the golden days in a year. Some literary critics say that Chinese literati, especially poets, are mostly disposed to be decadent, which accounts for predominance of Chinese works singing the praises of autumn. Well, the same is true of foreign poets, isn’t it? I haven’t read much of foreign poetry and prose, nor do I want to enumerate autumn-related poems and essays in foreign literature. But, if you browse through collected works of English, German, French or Italian poets, or various countries’ anthologies of poetry or prose, you can always comes across a great many literary pieces eulogizing or lamenting autumn. Long pastoral poems or songs about the four seasons byrenowned poets are mostly distinguished by beautiful moving lines on autumn. All that goes to show that all live creatures and sensitive humans alike are prone to the feeling of depth,remoteness, severity and bleakness. Not only poets, even convicts in prison, I suppose, have deep sentiments in autumn in spite of themselves. Autumn treats all humans alike, regardless of nationality, race or class. However, judging from Chinese idiom qiushi (autumn scholar, meaning and aged scholar grieving over frustrations in his life) and frequent selection in textbooks of Ouyang Xiu’s On the Autumn Sough and Su Dongpo’s On the Red Cliff, Chinese men of letters seem to be particularly autumn-minded. But, to know the real flavour of autumn, especiallyChina’s autumn, one has to visit the North. Autumn in the South also has its unique features, such as the moonlit Ershisi Bridge in Yangzhou, the flowing sea tide at the Qiantangjiang River, the mist-shrouded Putuo Mountain and lotuses at the Lizhiwan Bay. But they all lack strong colour and lingering flavour. Southern autumn is to Northern autumn what yellow rice wine is to kaoliang wine, congee to steamed buns, perches to crabs, yellow dogs to camels. Autumn, I mean Northern autumn, if only it could be made to last forever! I would be more than willing to keep but one-third of my life-span and have two-thirds of it bartered for the prolonged stay of the season! August 1934, in Beiping.

SH15翻译：故都的秋（郁达夫） Translation: Old Capital’s Autumn (Yu Dafu)(translated by: alexcwlin; edited by Adam Lam)秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的；Autumn, wherever it may be, is always a welcome sight.可是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清，来得静，来得悲凉。In the northern part of China, however, autumn arrives especially with an air of freshness, peacefulness, and melancholy. 我的不远千里，要从杭州赶上青岛，更要从青岛赶上北平来的理由，也不过想饱尝一尝这“秋”，这故都的秋味。The reason why I have taken the trouble to travel for a thousand miles from Hangzhou through Qingdao to Beiping is to savor, to my heart’s content, a taste of the Old Capital’s fall.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------江南，秋当然也是有的；Of course there is autumn in the south.但草木雕得慢，空气来得润，天的颜色显得淡，并且又时常多雨而少风；But compared to the north, vegetation withers slower, air is moister, and sky-color is dimmer; often there is more rain and less wind.一个人夹在苏州上海杭州，或厦门香港广州的市民中间，浑浑沌沌地过去，只能感到一点点清凉，In muddling along among the locals of Suzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Xiamen, Hong Kong and Guangzhou, I could only feel a tiny bit of coolness and freshness.秋的味，秋的色，秋的意境与姿态，总看不饱，尝不透，赏玩不到十足。The flavor, color, temperament and mold of autumn can never be satiated, relished or enjoyed to the fullest extent. 秋并不是名花，也并不是美酒，Autumn is not exquisite flower or well-aged wine.那一种半开，半醉的状态，在领略秋的过程上，是不合适的。Half-opened flower and half-drunk feeling could be delightful, but a similar half-hearted manner in appreciating autumn is unfitting.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------不逢北国之秋，已将近十余年了。It has been over ten years since I last saw autumn in the north.在南方每年到了秋天，总要想起陶然亭的芦花，钓鱼台的柳影，西山的虫唱，玉泉的夜月，潭柘寺的钟声。Every year in the south when autumn comes, I can’t help but think of the reed catkins in Taoranting Park, the shades of willows in Diaoyutai Island, the chirping of crickets in Western Hills, the nighttime moon in Yuquan Spring, and the chiming of Tanzhe Temple bells.在北平即使不出门去罢，就是在皇城人海之中，租人家一椽破屋来住着，早晨起来，泡一碗浓茶、向院子一坐，你也能看得到很高很高的碧绿的天色，听得到青天下驯鸽的飞声。Let’s say in Beiping you are living amongst a sea of Imperial City people in a run-down rental house. Without going outside to the street, you could wake up in the morning, brew a cup of strong tea, sit in the courtyard, and be able to enjoy a clear blue sky while listening to sounds of flying domesticated pigeons. 从槐树叶底，朝东细数着一丝一丝漏下来的日光，You could look eastward underneath Pagoda leaves and count the beams of sunlight leaking through the top.或在破壁腰中，静对着象喇叭似的牵牛花（朝荣）的蓝朵，自然而然地也能够感觉到十分的秋意。Or you could simply stand quietly in front of the blue trumpet-shaped petunia-hybrid (morning glory) flowers halfway up a cracked wall, and naturally feel the strong flavor of autumn.说到了牵牛花，我以为以蓝色或白色者为佳，紫黑色次之，淡红色最下。Speaking of morning glory flowers, I consider blue-colored and white-colored ones to be top-ranked, dark-purple-colored ones to be second-ranked, and pale-red-colored ones to be in last place.最好，还要在牵牛花底，教长着几根疏疏落落的尖细且长的秋草，使作陪衬。Preferably a few long and slender blades of grass should be sparsely grown at the bottom of the morning glories for decoration.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------北国的槐树，也是一种能使人联想起秋来的点缀。Pagoda trees in northern China are pleasant adornments of autumn and their presence reminds us of the fall season.象花而又不是花的那一种落蕊，早晨起来，会铺得满地。脚踏上去，声音也没有，气味也没有，只能感出一点点极微细极柔软的触觉。In waking up early morning, you will find the ground is covered with flower-like fallen pistils. When you step on them, they are soundless, odourless, and exceptionally soft to the touch. 扫街的在树影下一阵扫后，灰土上留下来的一条条扫帚的丝纹，Under shade of trees, a street cleaner has finished sweeping and left behind lines of broom marks in the dirt.看起来既觉得细腻，又觉得清闲，潜意识下并且还觉得有点儿落寞，Images of the lines convey a sense of meticulousness, leisureliness, but also lonesomeness in the subconscious mind.古人所说的梧桐一叶而天下知秋的遥想，大约也就在这些深沈的地方。The old saying how the first fallen leaf from parasol tree heralds the arrival of autumn to the world could have happened in this deliberation-provoking spot. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------秋蝉的衰弱的残声，更是北国的特产；Feeble and fading sound of cicadas is typical of northern country.因为北平处处全长着树，屋子又低，所以无论在什么地方，都听得见它们的啼唱。Their chirping is ubiquitous wherever you are in Beiping because trees are everywhere and houses are built low. 在南方是非要上郊外或山上去才听得到的。In the south, however, you can’t hear the sound unless you are in the countryside or up the mountain.这秋蝉的嘶叫，在北平可和蟋蟀耗子一样，In Beiping, forlorn-crying of cicadas are as common as noises from crickets and mice.简直象是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。Cicadas are practically domestic pet-insects in every household. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------还有秋雨哩，And then there is the autumn rain.北方的秋雨，也似乎比南方的下得奇，下得有味，下得更象样。Rain in the north, compared to those in the south, is more peculiar, more tasteful and more up-to-par. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------在灰沈沈的天底下，忽而来一阵凉风，便息列索落地下起雨来了。Under the grey gloomy sky, a gust of chilly wind comes from nowhere and brings along scattered shower.一层雨过，云渐渐地卷向了西去，天又青了，太阳又露出脸来了；After a spell of drizzle, the clouds slowly move eastward letting out the blue sky, and the sun once again shows its face.著着很厚的青布单衣或夹袄曲都市闲人，咬着烟管，在雨后的斜桥影里，上桥头树底下去一立，Under the slanting shadow of a bridge after a rain shower, nothing-better-to-do city-folks, wearing turquoise heavyweight single-layer garments or fleece-lined vests, stand around tree shades by the bridge front with pipes dangling from their mouths.遇见熟人，便会用了缓慢悠闲的声调，微叹着互答着的说：When they run into acquaintances, they would moan to one another in an unhurried and laid-back tone.“唉，天可真凉了——”（这了字念得很高，拖得很长。）“Oh my, the weather is so cooool” (This word is pronounced in a high-pitched and long dragged-out manner.)“可不是么？一层秋雨一层凉了！”“Isn’t that so? A bout of autumn rain brings a bout of cooling!” -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------北方人念阵字，总老象是层字，平平仄仄起来，Northerners, in pronouncing pinyin “zhen” on the character meaning “bout”, always sounds like “ceng’ meaning “layer”.这念错的歧韵，倒来得正好。But amongst the rhyming in pinyin pronunciation, this mispronounced vowel sounds just fine.