gout英文

痛风是由单钠尿酸盐（MSU）沉积所致的晶体相关性关节病，与嘌呤代谢紊乱和（或）尿酸排泄减少所致的高尿酸血症直接相关，特指急性特征性关节炎和慢性痛风石疾病，主要包括急性发作性关节炎、痛风石形成、痛风石性慢性关节炎、尿酸盐肾病和尿酸性尿路结石，重者可出现关节残疾和肾功能不全。痛风常伴腹型肥胖、高脂血症、高血压、2型糖尿病及心血管病等表现。英文名称gout就诊科室内科，免疫科多发群体中年男性常见病因原发性痛风，继发性痛风常见症状急性痛风性关节炎，间歇发作期，慢性痛风石病变期，肾脏病变病因痛风最重要的生化基础是高尿酸血症。正常成人每日约产生尿酸750mg，其中80%为内源性，20%为外源性尿酸，这些尿酸进入尿酸代谢池（约为1200mg），每日代谢池中的尿酸约60%进行代谢，其中1/3约200mg经肠道分解代谢，2/3约400mg经肾脏排泄，从而可维持体内尿酸水平的稳定，其中任何环节出现问题均可导致高尿酸血症[1]。1.原发性痛风多有遗传性，但临床有痛风家族史者仅占10%～20%。尿酸生成过多在原发性高尿酸血症的病因中占10%。其原因主要是嘌呤代谢酶缺陷，次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶（HGPRT）缺乏和磷酸核糖焦磷酸盐（PRPP）合成酶活性亢进。原发性肾脏尿酸排泄减少约占原发性高尿酸血症的90%，具体发病机制不清，可能为多基因遗传性疾病，但应排除肾脏器质性疾病。2.继发性痛风指继发于其他疾病过程中的一种临床表现，也可因某些药物所致。骨髓增生性疾病如白血病、淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、红细胞计数增多症、溶血性贫血和癌症等可导致细胞的增殖加速，使核酸转换增加，造成尿酸产生增多。恶性肿瘤在肿瘤的放化疗后引起细胞大量破坏，核酸转换也增加，导致尿酸产生增多。肾脏疾病包括慢性肾小球肾炎、肾盂肾炎、多囊肾、铅中毒和高血压晚期等引起的肾小球滤过功能减退，可使尿酸排泄减少，导致血尿酸浓度升高。药物如噻嗪类利尿药、呋塞米、乙胺丁醇、吡嗪酰胺、小剂量阿司匹林和烟酸等，可竞争性抑制肾小管排泄尿酸而引起高尿酸血症。另外，肾移植患者长期服用免疫抑制剂也可发生高尿酸血症，可能与免疫抑制剂抑制肾小管排泄尿酸有关。分类痛风依病因不同可分为原发性和继发性两大类。原发性痛风指在排除其他疾病的基础上，由于先天性嘌呤代谢紊乱和（或）尿酸排泄障碍所引起；继发性痛风指继发于肾脏疾病或某些药物所致尿酸排泄减少、骨髓增生性疾病及肿瘤化疗所致尿酸生成增多等。

You say you don't believe in forever, and I do not know how to prove it. But I'm telling you, fall in love with you the moment time had stopped.

typical, classic, representative都是典型的意思，例句如下：typical形容词 a. [(+of)] 典型的,有代表性的This painting is typical of his early work. 这幅画是他早期的代表作。 representative形容词 a. [(+of)] 代表性的,典型的This case is representative of the attitudes of the police. 这个事例典型地反映了警方的态度。 classic形容词 a. [Z] 典型的This is a classic example of bureaucratic inefficiency. 这是一个官僚主义低效率的典型例子。

1 oral administration's medicine 2 external use medicine 3 catches cold 4 to cough phlegm 5 to cough 6 pharyngalgia 7 arthralgia 8 antibiotic 9 anti-viral 10 anti-fungus 11 uarthritis 12 to stop toothache 13 headache 14 oral cavity ulcer 15 to have a fever 16 bronchitis 17 carsickness 18 to go to gunpowder the 19 mouth Vitamin and mineral substance 20 rhinitis the 21 Vitamin and mineral substance 22 diarrhea 23 constipation 24 gastritis 25 stomach ache 26 gastric ulcer 27 vomits disgusting including piece 28 enteritis 29 cholecystitus 30 gallstone 31 fatty liver 32 chronic hepatitis 33 hypertension 34 high blood fats 35 angina pectoris 36 coronary disease the 37 prevention thrombus prevents arteriosclerosis 38 diabetes 39 prostatitis 40 prostate gland proliferation 41 to lose hair 42 to lose weight medicine 43 epilepsy medicine 44 vitiligo 45 psoriasis the 46 urine road to infect 47 gynecology department inflammation 48 to lose sleep 49 hemorrhoids 50 anemia 51 dizziness 52 estrogen 53 urgent contraceptive 54 often effect contraceptive 55 anti-allergic medicine the 56 depression, the obsession, neurosis the 57 eye drops (inflammation, weary, high intraocular pressure, glaucoma, cataract) 58 hidden good eyeglasses nursing fluid 59 dermatitis 60 to sprain, to fall the wound to stop hurts medicine 61 athlete's foot 62 eliminates scar 63 to eliminate the whelk, place sore 64 disinfection drugs the 65 external use pain-relieving to paste paste 66 gynecology department suppositories 67 onychomycosis 68 to eliminate body odor medicine 69 gynecology department cleaning solution 70 nutriment 71 healthy product 72 life jacket the 73 early pregnancy to measure that indicator paper the 74 ovulation measured indicator paper 75 anti-weary76 sphygmomanometer 77 glucometer 78 oxygen supply the 79 cervical vertebra treatment meter, cervical vertebra tractor 80 protects the pectoral girdle, to protect the waistband, to protect lap belt the 81 sleep to rest the head on 82 to stop hurts the detumescence to smudge medicinal ointment 83 to invigorate the kidney drugs 84 blood tonic 85 to protect lipstick 86 clinical thermometer 87 to create may paste

痛风是由单钠尿酸盐(MSU)沉积所致的晶体相关性关节病,与嘌呤代谢紊乱和(或)尿酸排泄减少所致的高尿酸血症直接相关,特指急性特征性关节炎和慢性痛风石疾病。多见于体形肥胖的中老年男性和绝经期后妇女。随着经济发展和生活方式改变,其患病率逐渐上升。痛风病的症状:◆急性发作期:常在夜间发作的急性单关节或多关节疼痛,呈剧痛,体征类似于急性感染,有肿胀,局部发热,红及明显触痛等,此时期应卧床休息,抬高患肢,给予一定要的消炎止痛药物。◆痛风间歇期:这个阶段主要表现在尿酸持续增高不下.所谓间歇就是时不时发生痛风的症状,一般为几个月至一年。◆痛风慢性期:这个阶段的尿酸盐在关节处的尿酸盐结晶过多,并且发生的炎症.此时产生大量的痛风石,此时痛风频繁发作,身体部位开始出现痛风石。◆痛风晚期:随着炎症的反复发作,使病变越来越加重,痛风石增大,严重影响关节功能,肾功能也开始受损。患有痛风注意事项:1、及早的到正规痛风专科进行治疗,上海是治疗最好的。2、养成一个良好的生活习惯,饮食上要少食动物内脏、鱼类等嘌呤含量高的食物。3、每天多喝水,既可以预防痛风,又有辅助治疗痛风的作用。4、保持适当的运动,可以散散步,打打太极等,注意不要剧烈运动。5、防止受寒、受凉,避免过度劳累。

猜拳为finger-guessing game一般翻译可以用"剪刀石头布（猜拳）""Scissorsstonecloth(fingerguessing)"例句：1.Select a person toplay three roundsof finger-guessing gametodecidethe winner. 选一位参加者，和他/她猜拳，三盘两胜。2.The HangJiuling, Finger Guessing Game andother drinking etiquette, butalso to make peopledrink more alcohol have fun and shape. 而行酒令、划拳等饮酒礼仪，也是为了让饮酒人喝得更尽兴而应运而生的。扩展资料：相关短语finger-guessing 一种猜拳;猜拳finger-guessinggame 猜拳afinger-guessinggame 饮酒时的一种博戏nafinger-guessinggame 猜拳stripfinger-guessinggame 游戏todecidewithfinger-guessinggame 猜拳PlayTheFinger-guessingGame 豁拳toplayafinger-guessinggame 猜拳Goutafinger-guessinggame 趣味猜拳Afinger-guessinggamedrinks 猜拳喝酒

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