大熊二的小熊大
职称英语理工类阅读判断真题
职称英语考试的阅读判断题型，要求考生判断题目所给出的句子。下面是我整理的'理工类阅读判断真题，欢迎欣赏!
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Scientists have long speculated as to why animal species didn’t flourish sooner, once sufficient oxygen covered the Earth’s surface. Animals began to prosper at the end of the Proterozoic period, about 800 million years ago — but what about the billion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think there also was plenty of oxygen?
Well, it seems the air wasn’t so great then, after all.
In a study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and his colleagues found that oxygen levels during the “boring billion” period were only 0.1% of what they are today. In other words, Earth’s atmosphere couldn’t have supported a diversity of creatures, no matter what genetic advancements were poised to occur.
“There is no question that genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise of animals, but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level of oxygen,” said Planavsky, co-lead author of the research along with Christopher Reinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology. “We’re providing the first evidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentially prevent the rise of animals.”
The scientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancient sediments from China, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Chromium is found in the Earth’s continental crust, and chromium oxidation is directly linked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.
Specifically, the team studied samples deposited in shallow, iron-rich ocean areas, near the shore. They compared their data with other samples taken from younger locales known to have higher levels of oxygen.
Oxygen’s role in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists. “We were missing the right approach until now,” Planavsky said. “Chromium gave us the proxy.” Previous estimates put the oxygen level at 40% of today’s conditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the possibility that oxygen was already plentiful enough to support animal life.
In the new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were “highly dynamic” in the early atmosphere, with the potential for occasional spikes. However, they said, “It seems clear that there is a first-order difference in the nature of Earth surface Cr cycling” before and after the rise of animals.
“If we are right, our results will really change how people view the origins of animals and other complex life, and their relationships to the co-evolving environment,” said co-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside. “This could be a game changer.”
“There’s a lot of interest right now in a broader discussion surrounding the role that environmental stability played in the evolution of complex life, and we think our results are a significant contribution to that,” Reinhard said.
16. The study discovered the rise of animals occurred earlier than the Proterozoic period.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. The team was funded by several research institutes.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. Genetic advancements triggered the rise of animals.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. The samples studied in the research were collected in ocean areas.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. The study revealed that chromium found in Earth’s continental crust remained stable before and after the rise of animals.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. Tim Lyons liked to play computer games in his spare time.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
Children have an increased of attention problems, seen as early as grade school. If their noses inhaled(吸入)a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That's the finding of a new study. Released when things aren't burned completely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.
Frederica Perera works at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health is New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects children's health in a new study, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew(排放)PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera's team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe(探查)other sources of PAHs, ones that's would have been hard for an individual to avoid.
The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason Any PAHs in a woman's blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children, now age 9. They asked each child's mother a series of questions. These included whatever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained(长期的)mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in U.S. children has ADHD.
Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Ohters had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.
16. Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects' physical health.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20 Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
Children have an increased risk of attention problems，seen as early as grade school , if their moms inhaled(吸入)a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That's the finding of a new study. Released when things aren't burned completely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.
Frederica Perera works at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health in New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects children's health. In a new study , she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew(排放) PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera's team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe(探查) other sources of PAHs, ones that would have been hard for an individual to avoid.
The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason: Any PAHs in a woman's blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in these children, now age 9. They asked each child's mother a series of questions. These included whether her child had problems doing things that needed sustained(长期的) mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in 10 U.S. children has ADHD.
Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Others had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.
16. Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects' physical health.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. The blood of each women was tested once a month during pregnancy.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
redfishchy
第一部分：词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线， 请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1．We have to ask them to quit talking in order that all people present could hear us clearly.A) decrease B)ceaseC) continue D)keep 2. They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year.A) goods B) soilC) climate D) harvest3. The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.A) get rid of B) set upC) repair D) paint4．During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.A) permanent B) powerfulC) striking D) practical5． Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices. A) slight B) surprising C) sudden D) harmful6． Cement was seldom used in building the Middle Ages. A) crudely B) rarely C) originally D)occasionally7． There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country. A) a steady B) a plentiful C) an extra D) a stable8． The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources. A)puzzling B) difficult C) terrifying D) urgent9. We derive knowledge mainly from booksA)deprive B) obtainC) descend D)trace10.We all consider him a man of dynamic personalities.A)dangerous B) doubtfulC)active D)easy11. The room was furnished with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a tableA)supplied B) gatheredC)grasped D)made12. The local government decided to merge the two firms into a big one.A)motivate B) combineC)compact D)nominate13. He emphasized a feasible plan which can be accepted by the both sides.A)favorable B) possibleC)formal D)genuine14. When does the next train depart?A)pull up B) pull downC)pull out D)pull in15. Because administering the whole company, he sometimes has to work around the clock. A)adjusting B) evaluatingC)engaging D)managing第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑Why is the Native Language Learnt So WellHow does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled. Finally, though a child's " teachers " may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy. 1. Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned2. Adults' knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3. The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned4. Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of learning their mother tongue.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned5. A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned6. Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7. So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher's close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
优质英语培训问答知识库
