建筑英语阅读理解

建筑学考研应该考英语一。

考研英语类型取决于考生报考的专业和院校，学术型研究生考英语一，专业型研究生考英语二，但是部分比较强的学校会要求专业型硕士考英语一。

(一)完全适用英语一的专业

1、所有学术硕士全部适用(十三大门类，110个一级学科);

2、8类(法律硕士含法学专业与非法学专业)专业硕士适用：临床医学(1051)，口腔医学(1052)，公共卫生(1053)，护理(1054)，法律硕士(非法学专业)(035101)，法律硕士(法学专业)(035102)，汉语国际教育(0453)，建筑学(0851)，城市规划(0853)。

(二)完全适用英语二的专业

7类专业硕士适用：工商管理(1251)，公共管理 (1252)，会计(1253)，旅游管理(1254)，图书情报(1255)，工程管理(1256)，审计(0257)。

(三)选用英语一或英语二的适用专业

以下23类专业硕士，初试科目的外国语考试可选择使用英语一或英语二，选择权由招生单位行使，考生不能选择初试科目。

金融(0251)，应用统计(0252)，税务(0253)，国际商务(0254)，保险(0255)，资产评估(0256)，社会工作(0352)，警务(0353)，教育(0451)，新闻与传播(0552)，出版(0553)，艺术(1351)。

工程(0852)，农业推广(0951)，兽医(0952)，风景园林(0953)，林业(0954)，军事(1151)，体育(0452)，应用心理(0454)，文物与博物馆(0651)，药学(1055)，中药学(1056)。

(四)不适用英语一或英语二的专业

学术硕士中的外国语专业及专业硕士中的翻译硕士(0551)，初试外国语科目具体参照相关规定执行，不使用英语一或英语二试卷。

扩展资料：

英语一和英语二区别

考研英语二题型总体与英语一非常相近，考试时间180分钟，满分100分。

试卷第一部分是英语知识运用，即我们常说的完型填空，总共10分，20题，每题0.5分。

第二部分是阅读理解，这部分英语二和英语一考试方式略有不同。

英语二阅读理解分两个部分，第一部分是常见的4选1选择题，共4篇文章，每篇5道题，共40分。英语二阅读理解第二部分是新题型，对应的是英语一的新题型部分，5道题共10分。这部分可能出现3种题型，由易到难分别是:判断正误题、7选5简化版题型及搭配题。

整体而言，从单词量上可以看出，虽然英语二大纲要求的阅读理解单词量与英语一相同，但在大纲中英语二阅读理解没有说明有超纲单词，而英语一明确说将有百分之三的超纲单词。

英语二阅读理解的单词量起码不会超过英语一。这在大纲样题中也有反映，考研英语二样题比过去历年考研英语真题难度要低。

第三部分是翻译，主要是英译汉。考查方式是翻译一个包含150个单词的英文段落。我个人认为难度比考研英语一小。

首先，虽然翻译总量同英语一相同，但在一个英语段落中，句子有易有难，有过渡句、解释成份，这些比较好翻译。而考研英语一是从400单词段落中抽出5个长难句。英语二在难度降低的同时，翻译题所占分值却提高了。

最后就是写作。分别是小作文和大作文，小作文要求一样，一种是书信，如感谢信、求职信等。在英语一和英语二大纲都出现的一种形式是英文摘要，这在以后研究生学习中非常重要。它主要考查大家词汇量及拼写的问题，而对于语法问题要求不高。

小作文是考研英语二的重点，它要求100字左右，但分数达到10分。大作文的样题是图表作文，字数要求低，为150字以上。而英语一要求是160-200单词，要求比英语二高，分值也低，为15分。

参考资料：百度百科-考研英语

参考资料：学工在线-2020考研小白，这九个问题你必须搞清楚！

2009年北京高考英语阅读理解试题中文翻译A篇 How I Turned to Be Optimistic I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt’s house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning. I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then. The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost—having to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. I was often sad, and saw no end to “the hard times. ” My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home. I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with Immigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives. From my experiences I have learned one important rule: Almost all common troubles eventually go away! Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy. 我如何变得乐观我开始长大，在那个冬季的晚上，当我的父母和我从我的姑姑家返回的时候，我的母亲说，我们可能不久将离开美国。我们当时在公共汽车上。我哭，有些在公共汽车上的人转过头看着我。我记得，我无法忍受再也听不到每天早上为小学生们播放的电台节目的思绪了。我不记得自己再一次为这个原因哭泣了。事实上，我想当我告别我的朋友和亲戚我很少哭。当我们离开我曾经想要去看的所有的地方，那些只有从书上和图片上知道的奇异的，魔法的地方。我离开的国家几乎再也不会回到我的脑海中了。4年来，所发生的事教我必须乐观，但这种想法不是立刻来找我的。头两年在纽约我真的失望了，忧郁家庭的搬家，我不得不换了三所学校读书。我并不很了解我是什么或者我应该做什么。母亲改嫁，事情对我来说变得更加复杂了。过一段时间之后，我的继父和我才习惯了对方。我常常难过，并认为“艰难的时期”遥遥无期。我的责任在家庭中增加了很多，因为我知道的英文比家里的其他人要多。我写的信件，填写表格，在与入境处人员面试时翻译，带我的爷爷奶奶去看医生并且在那翻译，甚至与公司的代表讨论电话费。以我的经验，我学到的一个重要的规则：几乎所有的普通麻烦最终都会消失！只要你没有放弃，好的结果最后肯定回到来，只要一点等待！我相信，我的生活结果将会是好的，尽管它不会那么容易。 B篇 Dear Friend. The recent success of children’s books has made the general public aware that there's a huge market out there. And there's a growing need for new writers trained to create the ＄3 billion worth of children's books bought each year……plus stories and articles needed by over 650 publishers of magazines for children and teenagers. Who are these needed writers? They’re ordinary folks like you and me. But am I good enough? I was once where you might be now. My thoughts of writing had been pushed down by self-doubt, and I didn't know where to turn for help. Then, I accepted a free offer from the Institute to test my writing aptitude（潜能）, and it turned out to be the inspiration I needed. The promise that paid off The Institute made the same promise to me that they will make to you, if you show basic writing ability: You will complete at least one manuscript（手稿）suitable to hand in to a publisher by the time you finish our course. I really didn't expect any publication before I finished the course, but that happened. I sold three stories. And I soon discovered that was not unusual at the Institute. Since graduation, I have authored 34 nationally published children's books and over 300 stories and articles. Free test and brochure We offer a free aptitude test and will send you a copy of our brochure describing our recognized home-study courses on the basis of one-on-one training. Realize your writing dream today. There's nothing sadder than a dream delayed until it fades forever. Sincerely. Kristi Holl, Instructor Institute of Children's Literature亲爱的朋友。最近儿童读物的成功，使一般公众意识到，它有一个市场非常庞大的市场。越来越有必要为新的作家培训，以创造每年价值30亿美元的儿童书籍购买... ...加上针对儿童和青少年的故事和文章所需要的650多出版商杂志。谁是这些需要的作家？他们是像你和我的普通人。但我就足够好了吗？我曾经在您可能现在呆的地方。我写作的想法被自我怀疑压倒了，我不知道去哪里寻求帮助。然后，我接受了来自于能够测试我写作潜能的组织免费提供的帮助。它结果成为了我需要灵感。承诺得到了回报。该组织所做出的对我的承诺同样将支付给你，如果你表现出基本的写作能力：您将至少有一个完整的适合你的手稿手，以便于在你完成我们的课程的时候能够交上来。我真的没有想到我完成了课程之前会有任何出版，但它却发生了。我变卖了三个故事。我很快发现，在这个组织那并不是不寻常。自毕业后，我已出版著作34个国家的儿童读物和超过300个故事和文章。免费试用和小册子。我们提供免费的能力倾向测试，并会向您发送了一份小册子来介绍我们公认的家庭学习课程，进行一对一的基础培训。今天实现您的写作梦想。没有什么比一个梦想被耽搁更伤心的了，直到它消失永远。此致。克里斯蒂诺贝特霍尔，导师儿童文学研究所 C 篇 How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors, But now scientists are giving this feelings an empirical（经验的, 实证的）basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation. Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room’s ceiling affects how people to think. Her research indicates that the higher callings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook. In addition to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant’s ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention. Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design ＆Planning Laboratory at University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots. Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim（暗淡的）light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax. So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. “We have a very limited number of studies, so we’re almost looking at the problem through a straw（吸管）, ”architect David Allison says. “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That’s what we're all struggling with. ”家具设计是如何影响我们工作和感情的建筑师长久以来就感觉到我们生活的地方可能会影响我们的思想，感情和行为，但现在科学家正给予这种感情实证的基础。他们正在发掘如何设计促进创造力，使人们集中，并放松的空间。研究表明，各方面的物质环境可以影响创造力。 2007年，琼迈耶斯，利维在美国明尼苏达大学的报告说，一个房间天花板的高度影响人们如何去思考。她的研究表明，更高的天花板鼓励人们更加自由的思考，这可能导致他们做出更多的抽象联想。低的天花板，另一方面，可能会激发更详细的展望。此外，天花板的高度，所建筑物所提供的视野可能会影响到工作人员的注意力。南希井和她的同事发现，在康奈尔大学的研究，那些经历了在绿色方面大幅度提高的全家搬家的孩子们，在注意力的测试水平上有了巨大的提高。运用天性去改善关注的焦点应该在学术上取得成功，它似乎是，根据由佐治亚大学负责学术设计与规划实验室的肯尼思唐纳领导的一项研究显示。唐纳和他的研究小组发现，距离窗子至少50英尺远的拥有畅通视野的教室学生比那些基本上忽视道路和停车场的学生在词汇、语言艺术和数学的测试上有更高的分数。最近一项关于室内照明设计的研究表明，暗淡的灯光有助于人们放松。如果这大体上是真的，在晚宴或是聚会上保持低的光线可以增加放松。哈佛医学院的研究人员还发现，带有圆角边缘的家具可以帮助参观者放松。迄今科学家们主要集中在公共建筑。 “我们有一个数量非常有限的研究，因此，我们看问题几乎是管中窥豹 ”建筑师大卫艾里森说。 “你怎么回答非常具体的问题，并把它们广泛的，普遍的运用呢？这就是我们都苦苦挣扎的事情。 D 篇 When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance ,the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list . Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority （优先）. This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students. Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression_r of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from. Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as does a Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society. Music provides a kind of perception（感知）that cannot be acquired any other way . Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore emotive（情感的） meaning of the same phenomenon . We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all. The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses. Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love. So music education is far more necessary than people to realize. 当学生和家长的要求根据重要性去评估学科，艺术就不可避免的排在了清单的底部。音乐很不错，人们似乎说，但并不重要。它往往被视为单纯的娱乐，但肯定不是优先教育。这种看法是短浅的。事实上，音乐教育对所有的学生是有益的、重要的。音乐告诉我们我们是谁。因为音乐是一种人类表达方式，它反映了他们的思想和价值观，以及来自的社会环境。摇滚音乐就好像舒伯特的歌曲一样代表了一种生活方式。爵士影响了乔治格什温和其他音乐家引入到他们的音乐，这显然是美国人，因为它来自美国音乐的传统。音乐表达了我们的性格和价值观。它给予我们社会身份。音乐提供了一种不能以任何其他方式获得的感知。科学可以解释为什么太阳升起和降落。艺术探索同样的现象情感的含义。我们需要一切可能的方式来发现和回应我们这个世界的一个简单而有力的理由是：没有一种方法可以得到这一切。艺术是和数学和科学符号一样强大的作为沟通内容的思维形式。他们是我们人类相互“对话”的方式。他们是文明的语言，通过它我们可以表达我们的担心，我们的好奇心，我们的渴望，我们发现，我们的希望。艺术我们思想和想象力形式的表达方式，以便于使它们能够与他人分享。一但我们没有给孩子一个重要表达自己如音乐的方式的机会，我们就剥夺了他们表达音乐的意译。科学和技术并没有告诉我们什么是人权。艺术却做到了。音乐是一种表达我们人类苦难，庆祝活动，和平与爱的意义和价值的重要方式。因此，音乐教育是人类更有必要去实行的。E Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the natural world and, at it best, it makes little environmental influence. But with increasing numbers of people wanting to escape into the wilderness. It is becoming more and more important to camp unobtrusively（不引人注目的）and leave no mark. Wild camping is not permitted in many places, particularly in crowded lowland Britain, Wherever you are, find out about organizations responsible for managing wild spaces, and contact them to find out their policy on camping and shelter building. For example, it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland, but in England you must ask the landowner’s permission, except in national parks. Camping is about having relaxation, sleeping outdoors, experiencing bad weather, and making do without modern conveniences. A busy, fully-equipped campsite（野营地）seems to go against this, so seek out smaller, more remote places with easy access to open spaces and perhaps beaches. Better still, find a campsite with no road access: Walking in makes a real adventure. Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to guaranteeing a good night’s sleep. Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and the environment. Try to use an area where people have obviously camped before rather than creating a new spot. When camping in woodland, avoid standing dead trees. Which may fall on a windy night. Avoid animal runs and caves, and possible homes of biting insects. Make sure you have most protection on the windward side. If you make a fire, do so downwind of your shelter. Always consider what influence you might have on the nature word. Avoid damaging plants. A good campsite is found, not made-changing it should be unnecessary. 野外露营是一种非常棒的方式体验到自然世界，并在最好，它引起很小的小环境影响。但是，随着越来越多的人想要逃避到旷野。不引人注目的露营正变得越来越重要的。并没有留下任何标记。野外露营是不允许的，在许多地方，尤其是在拥挤的低地英国，无论身处何地，了解组织负责管理野生空间，并与他们联系，了解他们的政策，野营和住房建设。例如，它是野生罚款营在偏远地区的苏格兰，但在英格兰你必须问地主的同意，除了在国家公园。露营是放松的，在外面睡觉，经历恶劣天气，并且没有现代方便的交通。一个繁忙的，设备齐全的野营地似乎违背这一点，所以寻找更小，更偏远的地方，方便的休憩用地，也许海滩。更好的是，找到一个营地，没有公路交通：行走于一个真正的冒险。找到合适的位置营地是第一步，以保证良好的睡眠。选择一个隐私的营地和对他人和环境有最低影响。尝试使用一个明显之前有人露营过的地方，而不是建立一个新的位置。当在林地露营时，在一个大风夜晚，避免站在死树下。避免动物活动频繁的洞穴，和叮咬昆虫的窝。请确定您在迎风面上有最安全的保护。如果你生火，要在顺风的住房附近。总是要考虑到你对自然世界的影响。避免损害植物。发现一个很好的露营地，它应该是没有必要作出改变的。

C 去年夏天,两个19世纪的农舍在蒙大拿州被远程农田所拯救,搬到了一个在旧金山的装饰艺术建筑中.建筑是由木头建成的.这些村社曾经搭建在原始的栖息地，为了他们可以在干燥的Montana土壤中生活. 这个村社可能会成为工业史上的带有“低科技水平”的一个奇怪案例，在互联网时代之前，这种概念与自然世界，老式工艺有着悠久的联系.“低科技”并不是虚拟的，所以为了可以好好利用它，因特网公司已经不得不开始创新.那个被拯救的木质村舍，在18世纪末用手做成，成为一个鲜明的例子。但是Twitter的设计存在于极端的尽头.其他的公司正在用一种宽泛的阐释针对于存在于自然界的“低科技”. Amazon正在建造三个充满了大树的玻璃球，以至于雇员可以工作，社交在一个更自然，更公园式的环境.在Google的办公室，整个的地板都被铺上玻璃.Facebook上的第二名Menlo公园大学城将有一个带有步行小道的屋顶式公园. Olle Lundberg，Lundberg设计的创始人，已经在许多科技公司工作了很多年.“我们在生活中已经丢失了与制造者的联系，我们的科技引擎已经开始贫乏，因为它们正在被数字世界围绕着”，他说，“他们正在寻求方法重新获得工厂的身份，我们发现介绍真正的工艺是解决的办法之一”. 这个工艺以理论为基础扎根于历史，William Morris，英国美术家和作家。在1860年代转向工业化以前的艺术，就在工业污染之后.工艺美术运动给他自己下了反对工业的定义.“没有有创造力的人类的工作，人类会变得与生活毫无联系”Morris 说. 调查已经显示了自然界可以恢复人们的精神能力，在日本病人被鼓励做“森林浴”.，在森林中漫步为了降低血压.这些健康的好处也应用于工作场所.Rachel Kaplvin，环境心理学的教授，已经花了很多年调查自然环境滋补的作用.他的调查发现那些在办公室与自然界有联系的工作者—甚至只是可以看到树木和花儿—都会感觉到很少的压力和更多的幸福.如果地科技的办公人可以尽量的滋养大脑，提高雇员的精神健康，那么很好，这就会使村社模式发展下去。△希望对你有参考作用△没有借用翻译器，良心翻译，希望加分△希望采纳~