英文介绍北极

北极North Pole

北极（英文：North Pole；法文：Arctique；德文：Arktis）。北极地区的气候终年寒冷。北冰洋是一片浩瀚的冰封海洋，周围是众多的岛屿以及北美洲和亚洲北部的沿海地区。

北极是指地球自转轴的北端，也就是北纬90°的那一点。北极地区是指北极附近北纬66°34′北极圈以内的地区。冬季，太阳始终在地平线以下，大海完全封冻结冰。夏季，气温上升到冰点以上，北冰洋的边缘地带融化，太阳连续几个星期都挂在天空。

北极气候

北冰洋的冬季从11月起直到次年4月，长达6个月。5～6月和9～10月分属春季和秋季。而夏季仅7、8两个月。1月份的平均气温介于－20～－40℃。而最暖月8月的平均气温也只达到－3℃左右。

在北冰洋极点附近漂流站上测到的最低气温是－59℃。由于洋流和北极反气旋以及海陆分布的影响，北极地区最冷的地方并不在中央北冰洋。在西伯利亚维尔霍扬斯克和奥伊米亚康曾记录到－70℃的最低温度，在阿拉斯加的育空河地区也曾记录到－63℃的气温。

越是接近极点，极地的气象和气候特征越明显。在那里，一年的时光只有一天一夜。即使在仲夏时节，太阳也只是远远地挂在南方地平线上，发着惨淡的白光。太阳升起的高度从不会超过23.5°，它静静地环绕着这无边无际的白色世界缓缓移动着。几个月之后，太阳运行的轨迹渐渐地向地平线接近，于是开始了北极的黄昏季节。

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When not otherwise qualified, the term North Pole usually refers to the Geographic North Pole – the northernmost point on the surface of the Earth, where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects the Earth's surface. Other "North Poles" include: The North Magnetic Pole – the point on the Earth's surface where the Earth's magnetic field points directly downwards. This pole is constantly wandering; its estimated 2005 position was 82.7° N 114.4° W [1]. The North Geomagnetic Pole – the point of intersection of the Earth's surface with the axis of a simple magnetic dipole (like a bar magnet) that best approximates the Earth's actual more complex magnetic field. Like the North Magnetic Pole it constantly wanders; as of 2005 it was located at approximately 79.74° N 71.78° W [2]. The Northern Pole of Inaccessibility – the point in the Arctic Ocean farthest from land, at 84°03′N 174°51′W. The North Celestial Pole – an imaginary point in the northern sky towards which the Earth's axis of rotation points. Originally by analogy with the earth's magnetic field, the terms "north pole" and "south pole" are also applied to magnets in general, in order to distinguish one "end" of the magnet from the other. For this use see under Magnet and Magnetism. 北极是指地球的最北端，虽然具体地点有不同的定义，但无论根据那种定义，都应该在北冰洋内。无论根据那种定义，北极点也都不是一成不变的，随著时间，这些点都在慢慢变化。 不同的北极 磁北极 - 指地球磁场所定义的北极 自转北极 - 指地球自转轴所定义的北极 北极星北极 - 指北极星所指向的北极 地图北极 - 指地图中经线相交点所定义的北极 地理北极 地轴与地球表面有两个交点，离北极星近的称为北极

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背脊主要在北极圈以内，额以海洋为主，陆地较少，气候寒冷风大。