我想说真话
随着当今社会对大学 毕业 生英语水平要求的不断提高,学生英语综合性实用能力越来越多地受到人们的关注。本文是关于初一英语美文，希望对大家有帮助!关于初一英语美文：Modern American Universities Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating fromcolonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was toshape the moral character of their students. Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name ofuniversity. In German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreadingknowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800’s, more than ninethousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany foradvanced study. Some of them return to become presidents of venerable colleges-----Harvard, Yale, Columbia---and transform them into modern universities. The new presidentsbroke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired fortheir knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong armfor disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge aswell as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling andlearning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor’s ownresearch was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient Germandegree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With theestablishment of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question, analyze, andconduct their own research. At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breakingcompletely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, andmusic. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able tochoose their own course of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goalwas to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to thepractical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks,with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students werealso trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers. 关于初一英语美文：The Origin of Sports When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sport ismuch older than humankind, for , as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and catswrestle and play ball games. Fishes and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games.Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstratingstrong, transgenerational and transspecies bonds with the universe of animals – past, present,and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh(or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaustion. Their play, and ours, appears to serve noother purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently, to remove us temporarilyfrom the anguish of life in earnest. Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature.In their generous conceptions, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put ourcreative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release from the tedious battlesagainst scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This isa grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that the originsof our highest accomplishments ---- liturgy, literature, and law ---- can be traced to a playimpulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Oursports, in this rather happy, nonfatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations ofthe nondatable, transspecies play impulse. 体育的起源 体育运动 开始于何时?如果体育运动的本质就是游戏的话，我们就可以宣称体育运动比 人类古老，因为正如我们所观察到的，野兽也进行嬉戏。狗和猫会扭抱玩球，鱼和鸟翩翩起舞，猿类会进行一些简单的、愉快的游戏。 雀跃的幼儿，捉迷藏的学童和成年 摔跤 者展示出人与动物界的有力的跨越世代与物种的永恒的联系--特别是幼兽，它们翻筋斗、追逐、 奔跑、扭打、模仿、嬉笑(或者看起来是)，直到愉快地精疲力尽。他们的玩耍，同我们的 一样，似乎并没有别的目的而只是给游戏者以愉悦，暂时把我们从严肃生活的痛苦中拉出来。一些哲学家称我们的嬉戏是我们本质中最崇高的部分。 依他们这些随意性很大的见解，游戏无害而且实验性地允许我们的创造力、幻想和想象发挥作用。游戏让人们从永不间断亦 不可避免的生活悲剧-与乏匮和衰退进行的枯燥抗争中得到一种解脱。这是一个令人兴奋、给人启发的伟大见解。 这种见解的持有者宣称，我们的最高成就如宗教典礼、文学、法律的起源可以追溯到游戏的冲动。但令人不解的是我们看到只有幼兽和小孩子才最纯粹地享 受着这种冲动。从这种比较豁达和非宿命的人性观来看，我们的运动是超时代、跨物种的辉煌的创造。 关于初一英语美文：The Historical Significance of American Revolution The ways of history are so intricate and the motivations of human actions so complex that itis always hazardous to attempt to represent events covering a number of years, a multiplicityof persons, and distant localities as the expression of one intellectual or social movement;yet the historical process which culminated in the ascent of Thomas Jefferson to the presidencycan be regarded as the outstanding example not only of the birth of a new way of life but ofnationalism as a new way of life. The American Revolution represents the link between theseventeenth century, in which modern England became conscious of itself, and the awakeningof modern Europe at the end of the eighteenth century. It may seem strange that the march ofhistory should have had to cross the Atlantic Ocean, but only in the North American coloniescould a struggle for civic liberty lead also to the foundation of a new nation. Here, in thepopular rising against a “tyrannical” government, the fruits were more than the securing of afreer constitution. They included the growth of a nation born in liberty by the will of the people,not from the roots of common descent, a geographic entity, or the ambitions of king ordynasty. With the American nation, for the first time, a nation was born, not in the dim past ofhistory but before the eyes of the whole world. 美国革命的历史意义 历史的进程是如此错综复杂，人类行为的动机是如此令人费解，以至于想把那些时间跨 度大，涉及人数多，空间范围广的事件描述成为一个智者或一场社会运动的表现的企图是危险的。 然而以托马斯•杰弗逊登上总统宝座为高潮的那一段历史过程可以被视为一个特殊的例子。 在这段历史时期里不仅诞生了新的生活方式，而且民族主义成为了一种新的生活方式。美国独立战争成为联结17世纪现代英格兰的自我意识和18 世纪末现代欧洲的觉醒的纽带。历史的行程需要跨越大西洋，这看起来似乎有些奇怪，但却只有在北美殖民地为民权和自由的斗争才能导致新国家的建立。 这里，反对"暴政"的民众起义的成果不仅是获得一个包含更多自由的宪法，还包括了一个依照人民的意愿诞生在自由中的国家的成长。这 个国家不是基于血缘、地理、君主或王朝的野心。由于有了美国，第一次一个国家的诞生 不是发生在历史模糊的过去，而是在全世界人们的眼前。
Joanrry琼
阅读经典美文是拓宽思维、增长见识、丰富情感、涵养素质的最有效手段。我精心收集了初一英语美文，供大家欣赏学习!
The Origin of Refrigerators
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term"icebox"had entered the American language, but icewas still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice tradegrew with the growth of cities.Ice was used in hotels, taverns,and hospitals,and by someforward-looking city dealers in fresh meat,fresh fish,and butter.After the Civil War (1861-1865),as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880,half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Bostonand Chicago, went to families for their own use.
This had become possible because a new household convenience,the icebox,a precursor ofthe modern refrigerator, had been invented. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as wemight now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat,which was essential to a science of refrigeration,was rudimentary. The commonsense notionthat the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for itwas the melting of the ice that performed the cooling.
Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which keptthe ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventorsachieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.Butas early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track.He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village ofGeorgetown was the market center.
When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found thatcustomers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay apremium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage ofhis icebox, more explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at nightin order to keep their produce cool.
冰箱的由来
直到 19 世纪中期，"冰箱"这个名词才进入了美国语言，但冰仅仅只是开始影响美国普通市民的饮食。 冰的买卖随着城市的发展而发展。 冰被用在旅馆、酒馆、医院以及被一些有眼光的城市商人用于肉、鱼和黄油的保鲜。 内战(1861-1865)之后，冰被用于冷藏货车，同时也进入了民用。 甚至在 1880 年前，半数在纽约、费城和巴尔的摩销售的冰，三分之一在波士顿和芝加哥销售的冰进入家庭使用，因为一种新的家庭设备，冰箱，即现代冰箱的前身，被发明了。 制造一台有效率的冰箱不像我们想象的那么简单。
19 世纪早期，关于对冷藏科学至关重要的热物理知识是很浅陋的。 认为最好的冰箱应该防止冰的融化这样一个普遍的观点显然是错误的，因为正是冰的融化起了制冷作用。 早期为节省冰的努力，包括用毯子把冰包起来，使得冰不能发挥它的作用。 直到近 19 世纪末，发明家们才成功地找到有效率的冰箱所需要的精确的隔热和循环的精确平衡。 但早在 1803 年，一位有发明天才的马里兰农场主，托马斯 ·莫尔，找到了正确方法。 他拥有一个农场，离华盛顿约20 英里，那里的乔治镇村庄是集市中心。
当他用自己设计的冰箱运送黄油去市场时，他发现顾客们会走过装在竞争者桶里那些迅速融化的黄油而给他比市价更高的价格买他仍然新鲜坚硬，整齐地切成一磅一块的黄油。 莫尔说他的冰箱的一个好处是使得农民们不必在夜里上路去市场以保持他们产品的低温。
The Organic Foods
Are organically grown foods the best food choices? The advantages claimed for such foods overconventionally grown and marketed food products are now being debated. Advocates oforganic foods -- a term whose meaning varies greatly -- frequently proclaim that suchproducts are safer and more nutritious than others.
The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of the typical NorthAmerican diet is a welcome development. However, much of this interest has been sparked bysweeping claims that the food supply is unsafe or inadequate in meeting nutritional needs.
Although most of these claims are not supported by scientific evidence, the preponderanceof written material advancing such claims makes it difficult for the general public to separatefact from fiction. As a result, claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grownfoods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widelypublicized and form the basis for folklore.
Almost daily the public is besieged by claims for "no-aging" diets, new vitamins and otherwonder foods. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins aresuperior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs,that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.
One thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is that they costmore than conventionally grown foods. But in many cases consumers are misled if theybelieve organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality thanconventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers particularly thosewith limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foodsinstead.
绿色食品
绿色食品是最佳食物吗?有人认为绿色食品比通过常规方式生产和销售的食品有更多的优越性，然而现在却有人对此提出异议。 绿色食品--这一词的用法非常不统一--支持者往往声称绿色食品比其它食品更安全，营养价值更高。 北美的消费者们越来越关注他们的日常饮食是否安全和有营养。 这一发展趋势是好的。 然而这种关注多半是由一些武断的说法引起的，即食物供应不安全或不能提供足够的营养。 尽管这些说法多数未被科学证实，但是由于大量文章支持这一观点，使得普通群众难辨真伪。 因此那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点便广为人知，并导致一些不科学的做法和习惯。 公众几乎每天都被"抗衰老"食品、新型维生素以及其它具有神奇功效的食物广告所包围。 声称天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经薰蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等诸如此类的报道屡见不鲜，但没有一篇是经过证实的。 大多数绿色食品有一共同点，即它们的价格高于以常规方式种植的食物。 但在许多情况下，如果消费者认为绿色食品能预防疾病且营养价值高于以常规方式生产的食品，那么他们被误导了。如果消费者们，尤其是那些收入有限的消费者们，怀疑传统食品而只购买更昂贵的绿色食品，那就值得担忧了。
The Nobel Academy
For the last 82 years, Sweden's Nobel Academy has decided who will receive the Nobel Prize inLiterature, thereby determining who will be elevated from the great and the near great to theimmortal. But today the Academy is coming under heavy criticism both from the without andfrom within. Critics contend that the selection of the winners often has less to do with truewriting ability than with the peculiar internal politics of the Academy and of Sweden itself.According to Ingmar Bjorksten, the cultural editor for one of the country's two majornewspapers, the prize continues to represent "what people call a very Swedish exercise:reflecting Swedish tastes." The Academy has defended itself against such charges ofprovincialism in its selection by asserting that its physical distance from the great literarycapitals of the world actually serves to protect the Academy from outside influences. This maywell be true,but critics respond that this very distance may also be responsible for theAcademy's inability to perceive accurately authentic trends in the literary world. Regardlessof concerns over the selection process, however, it seems that the prize willcontinue to surviveboth as an indicator of the literature that we most highly praise, and as an elusive goal thatwriters seek. If for no other reason, the prize will continue to be desirable for the financialrewards that accompany it; not only is the cash prize itself considerable, but it alsodramatically increases sales of an author's books.
诺贝尔委员会
过去的 82 年里，瑞典的诺贝尔委员会决定了谁将获得诺贝尔文学奖，因此也就决定了谁将从伟大或近乎伟大荣升为不朽。 但在今天，该委员会却遭到了评选委员会内外的猛烈批评。 批评者们争论说："评选获奖者时，起作用更大的不是真实的写作能力，而是该委员会以及瑞典特有的内部政治。 按照瑞典两家主要报纸之一的文化版编辑 Ingmar Bjorksten 的说法，该文学奖仍然是"人们所说的一种非常瑞典式的做为：反映瑞典口味"。对于其评选过程中目光短浅的指责，该委员会辩护说，该委员会与世界几大文学之都相距遥远，实际上使该委员会免受外来的干扰。 这也许是对的，但批评者们反驳说，也正因为相距如此遥远，该委员会才不能准确地把握文学界的真正趋势。尽管对评选程序存在着关注，该文学奖将继续作为世人最为推崇的文学的标志而存在，并将继续是作家们难以达到却又会不断追逐的目标。 如果不考虑其他因素，而仅仅考虑与之俱来的经济利益，该奖也将继续为人所渴求：这不仅因为该奖本身就是一笔可观的现金收入，而且该奖还将极大地增加一个作家的著作的销量。
优质英语培训问答知识库
