clover2011
担架的发展已有100年的历史，随着材料科学的发展和急救、灾害医学模式的建立，担架用材料不断改进，出现了聚乙烯纤维和聚丙烯纤维担架面，铝质担架杆，并根据现代战伤救治的要求， 各种特种担架也相继问世 ，其它类型的担架也竞相发展，形成了既有统一标准， 又有各自特色的发展局面。常见担架分为哪几种?其中比较常见担架包括折叠担架、担架车、铲式担架、篮式担架以及卷式担架等，每款担架有着每款担架的功能及特点，下面安全防护展为大家简单介绍。1.折叠担架折叠担架采用高强度铝合金材料和牛津革面制成，它具有重量轻、体积小、携带方便、使用安全等特点，主要适用于医院、体育场地、救护车及部队战地运送伤病员。2.担架车担架车又被称为救护担架车、救护车担架，使用负压充气垫式固定担架是搬运多发骨折及脊柱损伤伤员的好工具。充气垫可以适当固定伤员的全身。使用时先将垫充气后铺平好，将伤员放在垫内，抽出袋内空气，气垫即可变硬，同时伤员就被牢靠固定在其中，并可在搬运途中始终保持稳定，不会摔倒。3.铲式担架铲式担架是由左右两片铝合金板组成。搬运伤员时，先将伤员放置在平卧位，固定颈部，然后分别将担架的左右两片从伤员侧面插入背部，扣合后再进行搬运。4.篮式担架也叫“船型担架”(Stoke Basket)，市面上常见的为两种类型：铝合金型;合成树脂型;它的造型与其名称很是相似，像一艘“小船”。搬运被困人员时，被困人员被置于救护担架车内，担架在四周“突起”边缘配合正面的扁带将被困人员“封闭”在担架内部。这样不会因担架的位移(如翻转、摇晃)而使被困人员脱离担架。在安全性的背后，也存在着一些隐患。如被困人员身材过胖，且捆绑在其正面的扁带过紧加之操作时间过长的话，就会容易引发被困人员胸闷、窒息。北美消防界将由于处置不当造成被困人员死于篮式担架内的情形称为“铁棺材”(早期篮式担架多为铝合金)。5.卷式担架也叫“多功能担架”(Sked)，它与篮式担架在使用上很是相似，但重量更轻(8至12公斤)且可以卷缩在滚筒或背包中携带。它的原料是特种合成树脂，有抗腐蚀性，一般是橘黄色。大陆市场上的卷式担架多为江苏、浙江等第仿日、韩的同类产品。在北美消防界，将由于救援人员操作不当而导致被困人员丧生于卷式担架内部的行为称为“裹尸布”(早期卷式担架多为高强度帆布制成的)。在日常生活中，担架除了可以在医院救助病人用，也可以用来军事演习用。在灾难来临时，还可以救助伤员用等等，担架的用途比较广泛，在我们生活中也起着重要的作用，目前随着技术水平的不断发展，担架也成为了医疗救护必备的安全防护用品
猪猪爱吃草
在学习、工作、生活中，大家都不可避免地会接触到作文吧，借助作文可以提高我们的语言组织能力。那么问题来了，到底应如何写一篇优秀的作文呢？下面是我收集整理的话题英语作文10篇，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
1. Traffic laws are of little use if drivers simply ignore them and law enforcement departments fail to adopt effective enforcement programs .
如果司机完全无视交通法，法律实施部门不能采取有效的实施程序，交通法就没有一点儿作用。
2. Agricultural modernization cannot be achieved unless the government substantially increases funding ; farmers accept advanced agronomic techniques ; and consumers engaged in a concerted effort to reduce unnecessary and exorbitant waste .
除非政府大幅度地增加投资；农民接受高级的农业技术；消费者共同努力减少不必要的过度的浪费，农业现代化就不能实现。
3. Effective flood control is not only necessary , but is also essential for protecting the lives of millions of Chinese citizens .
有效地控制洪水不仅是必要的，而且对保护数百万中国公民的生命来说是必不可少的。
4. Simple expressions of indignation are no substitute for meaningful actions to right a wrong .
仅仅表示愤慨不能取代改正错误的有意义的行动。
5. Even modest increases in education allocations are better than none .
甚至对教育拨款的适度增加都比不增加好。
（湖北宜昌）下面是汶川地震中的一张照片。它记录了一个叫郎铮的三岁男孩在地震十小时后被解放军从废墟(debris)中救出(rescue)。躺在担架(stretcher)上的他慢慢地举起右手向救他的人敬礼（salute to）。请你以"感动"为题，用英语简单描述这个故事并写出你的感想。
要求：故事描述要包括提供的所有信息。字数：80---100。短文开头已给出，不计入总字数。
Moved
At 14:28 on May 12, an earthquake broke out in Wenchuan. Soon people all over China went to the rescue. _______________
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Moved
At 14:28 on May 12, an earthquake broke out in Wenchuan. Soon people all over China went to the rescue. A three-year-old boy named Lang Zheng was rescued from the debris by the PLA men ten hours after the earthquake. While he was lying on the stretcher, he slowly raised his right hand and saluted to the soldiers. His salute not only expressed his thanks to the people who saved him, but also moved the people around him. I was also deeply moved by his salute. As a three-year-old boy, he knew that the first thing to do was to express his thanks after he was saved. It is the good nature of the Chinese people.
约定 The Appointment
Last night, my best friend and I see a funny movie. In the movie, the little boy made an appointment with his friends in ten years. So I was inspired, we also decided to make an appointment. We wrote something in the books and we hided it. We promised to see it in five years. It must be very interesting when we see it.
【参考译文】
昨晚，我和我最好的朋友看了一部有趣的电影。在电影中，小男孩和他的朋友有个十年之约。因此，我受到了启发。我跟我朋友也决定来个约定。我们在书上写了一些话，并且藏起来。我们承诺五年后再看。当我们看的时候，一定会非常有趣。
周围的环境
1、（江苏南通）目前南通市正在积极创建全国文明城市，中学生也在为之努力。假如你是你是某中学的一名学生张通，请根据下列图表所示内容，给笔友John写一封电子邮件，介绍有关情况。
注意：1.邮件内容应包含所有要点，不要简单翻译，可适当发挥；
2.文中不得使用真实姓名、校名等信息；
3.词数90左右（邮件中已经写好了的部分，不计入总词数）。
4.参考词汇：civilized 文明的 respect 尊敬
Dear John,
I'm glad to hear from you. Now let me tell you something about our city. Nantong is trying to set up a national civilized city. We middle school students are also doing something for it.
Zhang Tong
参考答案:
Dear John,
I'm glad to hear from you. Now let me tell you something about our city. Nantong is trying to set up a national civilized city. We middle school students are also doing some things for it. We are all polite to our teachers. (In class, we listen careful to them./When we meet them, we always say hello to them./…)We also respect the old. For example, we help them cross the streets.
We are always ready to help each other.(When one has difficulty with his studies, others will help him at once./...)We often show our love to those in trouble. Last month, the students of my class donated money to the earthquake-hit areas.
Besides, we plant trees to protect the environment and make our city more beautiful.
Nantong is my hometown. I will do my best to turn Nantong into a civilized city.
Zhang Tong
2、假设你是李晓平，是黄冈中学的学生。请你围绕"建设和谐社会"的主题，根据下面所给出的提示，用英语给全省中学生写一封倡议书。
1．人与社会：祖国、家乡、学校，热爱关心；2．人与人：家人、师长、同学，诚信互助；3．人与自然：能源、环境、动植物，爱惜保护；4．你的态度：内容由考生自己拟定。
注意：1．词数100左右；2．倡议书的开头、结尾以及提示句已为你写好，不计入词数；3．内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。
Build a Harmonious Society
Dear fellow students,
Our government is going to build a "harmonious society". I think it is everyone's duty to work hard to achieve this goal.As high school students, what should we do ?
First of all, we should love our motherland. Let's take a great interest in the development of our hometowns and take an active part in our school's activities.Secondly, let's fill the world with love. We should show our respect for old people, our parents and our teachers. We should also care for each other and help those in need. Mostimportant of all, all of us must be faithful and honest in our daily life.Finally, let's work together to save energy and protect our natural environment, including animals, trees, flowers and grass.
As for myself, I will study even harder and try my best to do all the above.Dear fellow students, let's start right now and spare no effort to do a little bit every day,every hour, and every minute!
Li Xiaoping
From Huanggang High School
3、根据中文大意和英文提示词语，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的短文。所给英文提示词语供选用。不能出现自己的真实姓名。
假设温哥华（Vancouver）的中学（Discovery Middle School）与你校是姊妹校，该校校刊"Discovery"将以"北京中学生与08奥运"为主题向你们征稿。你决定投稿，侧重介绍你的学校、你所在的`社区或北京开展的促进"绿色奥运"的一些活动，这些活动为学校、社区或城市带来的变化，以及你从中获得的感受。
提示词：the Beijing 20xx Olympics, "Green Olympic", idea, volunteers, plant, save, change, environment, good for,
范文：
One important idea for the Beijing Olympics is "Green Olympics", for which the whole city has done a lot to improve the environment. So has our school.
Last month, my school formed a group of volunteers in every class. I was one of them. We cleaned up our school, watered the trees and flowers in our school garden. Now our school looks nicer. The more pleasant thing is that many students are beginning to change in behavior for the better, like stopping littering.
We're proud of ourselves because we have done something both for the Beijing Olympic and the environment.
I love eating ice-lolly, no matter in the hot summer or the cold winter. The feelings are so different eating ice-lolly in the two seasons. In summer, the weather is so hot that I don't want to eat anything, except for the ice-lolly. I often buy a lot of ice-lollies in the refrigerater and I usually eat ten bars a day. When the ice water flow into the throat, I feel my whole world is icy and I feel that I am rescured from the hot day. However, in the cold winter, it's so different. Eating ice-lolly in the cold winter will make you feel colder. When you eating, you would shake because of the coldness. It seems that you are frozen. But it's the exciting feeling I like.
不管冬天夏天，我都喜欢吃冰棒，这两个季节吃感觉很不一样。夏天的时候，天气非常热，除了冰棒，我没胃口吃其他东西。我经常买很多放在冰箱里，一天吃十根。当冰水从喉咙流过，我感觉整个世界都冰凉了，我从大热天里解放出来了。而在冬天时，感觉就不同了，大冬天吃冰棒让你感觉更冷了，好像整个人都冰冻了，但这种刺激的感觉正是我喜欢的。
Love in Campus
Nowadays, campus love is popular. Some college teachers argue that students should give up love for the sake of learning. They maintain that love is time consuming and influences one’s learning. Some students, however, hold that a student who falls in love will study harder and will make greater progress. They don't believe that a person in love lags behind in his studies.
There are different kinds of love on campus. Some students regard love as killing time or adding color; some are pragmatic, thinking it's difficult to find a better partner after graduation; the purpose of others is for seeking the impetus of study. Anyhow, far away from home and alone, seeking friendship, understanding and love, the boys and girls easily find comfort and appreciation from one another.
As a mater of fact, love is a sharp double-bladed knife. Having it will make you very happy; while losing it, you always feel disappointed and depressed. When the bond of love broken, going on studying as usual or sinking lament or even being crazy depend on us. We will not let romantic entanglement interfere with our studies.
Love is a natural and quiet. During the process of love we will experience romantic love, frustrating love and critical love and real love. True love will overcome our pain and dismay, warm our heart, and spark our spirit with delight forces but not resistance.
I went hiking to a mountain with my friends last summer。
It was a good trip at the beginning but something unexpected happened on the half way。 One of my friends suddenly felt a terrible pain in his stomach and he couldn‘t move any further。 Nobody knew what to do。
One girl tried to call her mum with her mobile phone but there was no signal in the mountain area。 Luckily we brought a tent with us。 We put it up and let him rest in it。 He took some medicine。 Then he drank some water， and ate some food。 After a while， he felt much better and we walked on。 We all enjoyed ourselves on the top of the mountain。
What’s the date today?
Can you say something about your senior school?
What birthday present will you prefer to have? Why?
What do you usually do at weekends?
Which teacher do you like best in senior high school? Why?
The telephone is one of the most welcome and useful inventions. No wonder more and more families have got to use their own telephones today.
The telephone makes things easy in many ways. Especially, after the mobile telephone appears, communication becomes easier and rapider. To students and people going out for business far away from their homes, the telephone can shorten the distance between them and their families. Thus they will get comfort whenever they are homesick or they run into trouble. With the help of the telephone, people can keep in touch with anyone at any time and in any place for urgent help.
All in all, the telephone is so helpful that we can say that nowadays we can not live without the telephone in our daily life. We will further improve the performance of the telephone so as to create better conditions for its development.
My name is Susanna. In our city, there was an earthquake at 8:32 yesterday evening.
At that time, I was taking a shower in the bathroom. My motherwas cleaning up the kitchen and my father was watching TV in the livingroom. My elder sister Alice was working on her computer in her room. We were very scared.
Luckily, the earthquake was not heavy and it didn’t last long. And we were all safe.
【参考译文】
我叫Susanna。在我们的城市里，有一个地震昨天晚上8:32。
当时，我在浴室洗澡。我的妈妈打扫厨房，爸爸在客厅看电视。我姐姐爱丽丝正在她的房间里玩电脑。我们非常害怕。
幸运的是，地震并不重，也没有持续多久。我们都是安全的。
陈好好很好
路易威登品牌介绍：创办人 ： Louis Vuitton设计师 ： Marc Jacobs发源地 ： 法国成立年份 ： 1854年官方网站 ： 联系 ： (电话) +33 1 53 57 24 00总店地址 ： 2, rue du Pont-Neuf, 75034 Paris Cedex 01 - France产品线 ： 皮具产品 (包括手袋、行李箱、公事包等)、时装成衣、鞋履、腕表、 高级珠宝、书写用品及配饰系列 ： Monogram, Damier, Suhali羊皮, Epi皮革, Antigua, Cruise, Tambour watches, Speedy watches, Louis Vuitton Cup watches中国分店 ： 大连、广州、北京、西安、厦门、青岛、成都、上海、深圳、杭州路易-威登革命性地创制了平顶皮衣箱，并在1854年于巴黎开了第一间店铺，创造了LV图案的第一代，从此后，它一直是LV皮件的象征符号，至今历久不衰。但就像今天一样，他的设计很快便被抄袭，此后，平顶方型衣箱随之成为潮流。从早期的LV产品到如今每年巴黎T台上的不断变幻的衣装秀，路易威登一直长久地屹立于国际精品行业翘楚的地位，业内专家认为，原因在于他们有着自己特殊的品牌“DNA”。首先，路易威登高度尊重和珍视自己的品牌。品牌不仅以其创始人路易-威登的名字命名，也继承了他追求品质、精益求精的态度。从路易威登的第二代传人乔治-威登开始，其后继者都不断地为品牌增加新的内涵。第二代为品牌添加了国际视野和触觉。第三代卡斯顿-威登又为品牌带来了热爱艺术、注重创意和创新的特色。至今，已有6代路易威登家族的后人为品牌工作过。同时，不仅是家族的后人，连每一位进入到这个家族企业的设计师和其他工作人员也都必须了解路易威登的历史，真正地从中领悟它特有的“DNA”，并且，在工作和品牌运作中将这种独特的文化发扬光大。路易威登的另一个成功秘诀就是力求为尊贵的顾客营造一种“家庭”的感觉。你能想象路易威登可以为客户提供永久的保养服务吗？路易威登品牌的产品可以由祖母传给妈妈，妈妈再传给女儿，可以代代相传，无论什么时候你把产品拿来修理养护，专卖店都是责无旁贷地尽心尽力予以帮助。让一家三代能持续地拥有一个品牌的产品，这对于一个品牌生命力的延续意义非常重大。相关产品: 皮具 时装 服装鞋帽 手袋 皮鞋 女装 男装 箱包
ANATOMY坂崎琢磨
LV是来自法国巴黎一百多年前的LOUIS VUITTON，简写为“LV”，在台湾的中文被译为“路易.威登”。
LV的皮件精品可列为顶级名牌皮件商品之一，除此之外它还有各式皮包、男女装、丝巾、钢笔、手表等等。现在的设计总监是Marc Jacobs。 LV坚持做自己的品牌，坚持自己的品牌精神，做不一样的东西，给用户提供一个真正的文化的东西，一百五十年来一直把崇尚精致、品质、舒适的“旅行哲学”使之成为全世界公认的顶级品牌。
