娜是阵疯
企业中英语化对企业的发展有很好的推动作用，商务英语作为一门标准化的国际语言，可以使企业在进行管理时，在语言沟通方面有更高的效率，尤其是一些外贸企业，商务英语的环境可以激发员工工作的积极性，能够提高员工的商务英语水平与能力，使企业更好地融入到国际市场当中
垚垚姐姐。
英语句子通常有两种语序,一种是自然语序(Natural Order),又称正装语序,另一种便是本章要介绍的倒装语序(Inverted Order)。 从形式上分,倒装有两种：全部倒装(Full Inversion)和部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。谓语动词全部位于主语之前的称作全部倒装,例如：In front of me stood a boy. (我面前站着一个男孩。)只将谓语动词的一部分(通常是助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前的称作部分倒装,例如：Only in this way can we do it better. (只有这样,我们才能做得更好一些。)从使用目的区分,倒装也有两种情况,即语法倒装(Grammatical Inversion)和修辞倒装(Rhetorical Inversion)。语法倒装是由于语法规则的要求而必须进行的倒装,例如：Who called me just now?(刚才谁打电话给我?)修辞倒装是出于修辞的需要而把正常语序转为倒装语序,例如：Out rushed the children.(孩子们冲了出去。)H·Fowler归纳倒装的原因有九种,即疑问、命令、惊叹、假设、平衡、衔接、点题(sig ost)、否定和韵律(metrical)。这并不完全,还应加上强调和为使描写更加生动两种。在英语中,倒装句俯拾即是,用得非常普遍,但汉语却很少用,所以在翻译倒装句时,仍应按原文词序翻译,并照顾汉语的习惯,以保持译文句子结构流畅、匀称。本章只列举在阅读文章中常遇到的倒装现象,以使考生熟悉英语和汉语在语序上的差异。 1. Jack London poured into his writings all the pain of his life, the fierce hatred of the bourgeoisie that it had produced in him, and the conviction it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters. 第一层： Jack London 主 poured 谓 into his writings 状 all the pain 宾 of his life, 定 the fierce hatred 宾 of the bourgeoisie 定 that it had produced in him , 定语从句1 and 连 the conviction 宾 it had brought to him 定语从句2 that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise 同位语从句 up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters . 第二层： (定语从句1) that 引 it 主 had produced 谓 in him 状 (定语从句2) it 主 had brought to 谓 him 间宾 (同位语从句) that 引 the world 主 could be made 谓 a better place 宾 to live in 定 if the exploited would rise up and take the man- 状语从句 agement of society out of the hands of the exploiters. 第三层： (状语从句) if 引 the exploited 主 would rise up 谓 and 连 take 谓 the management 宾 of society 定 out of the hands of the exploiters 状 要点 本句为倒装句。如果宾语较长或宾语结构比较复杂,往往将宾语后置,采用倒装语序,以使句子保持平衡。本句的宾语由三个并列的名词构成,且第二和第三个名词后又带有限定性定语从句,故采用倒装语序,将动词&;quot oured"的宾语放在状语"into his writing quot;之后。"all the pain...","the fierce hatred..."和"the conviction..."是&;quot oured"的三个并列的宾语；其中,第一个that引导的定语从句修饰"hatred","it had brought to him"修饰"convictio quot;,在该定语从句中其关系代词作宾语而被省略；第二个that从句则是"convictio quot;的同位语从句。 译文 杰克·伦敦在作品中倾注了他一生中所遭受过的一切痛苦,倾诉了这种痛苦在他心中产生的对资产阶级的刻骨仇恨以及由此产生的这样的信念：如果被剥削者起来反抗,从剥削者手中夺回社会管理权,那么世界就会变成一个人人有好日子过的地方。 2. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century. 分 析： Along with them 状 goes 谓 social 定 mobility, 主 ambition 主 to rise in the 定 urban world, a main factor 同位语 in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century. 定 要点 这是一个完全倒装句,主语是social mobility...century,谓语动词是goes。ambition to rise in the urban world 是对 social mobility的进一步说明。a main factor在意思上相当于which is a main factor in...century,修饰 ambition to ...world。本句可按原文顺序翻译。 译文 伴随他们而来的是社会的流动性, 人们强烈地希望在城市里发展,这是19世纪欧洲出生率下降的主要因素。 3. For example, they do not compe ate for gro social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 要点 句中had he grown up ... 是虚拟条件中省略if的倒装结构。翻译时,要把if的含义译出。主句为并列谓语"... compe ate ... , and ... tell"结构。句中how引导宾语从句。虚拟条件句为宾语从句的状语。根据汉语的表达习惯,条件状语常前置。 译文 例如,它们并不弥补明显的社会不公； 因此,它们说明不了一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境下成长,会有多大的才干。 4. So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer cam often have to force them to break for orts and games. 要点 本句的基本结构是the children become so involved with their computers that...。因为把so involved with their computers 放在了句首,所以句子必须倒装。因为该句的动词是become,所以用do来帮助倒装。翻译时宜用正装语序。 译文 参加计算机夏令营的孩子们对计算机如此着迷,以至夏令营的负责人常常不得不强迫他们停下来参加体育运动或做游戏。 5. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of busine to universalize acce - after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. 要点 破折号后面的部分是用来解释句子主句的,在结构上是部分倒装句,属"（从句）the＋比较级...,（主句） the ＋比较级"句型,这样的句子一般主谓不倒装。翻译时可用正装。universalize:使普遍化；使通用化。 译文 随着国际互联网越来越商业化,普及上网会对商家有利, 因为上网的人越多,潜在的顾客数量就越多。 6. Only after studies provided evidence of the harmful effects of such programs has it been po ible to modify TV programming policies. 要点 only是加强语气的词语,位于句首时,主谓语要倒装。这样的句子一般可按原文顺序翻译。has it been ...是主句,正装应是it has been...。 译文 只有大量调研提供出证据表明此类节目产生不良影响后,电视节目审查政策才有可能改变。 7. U opular as red has been in the past at the moment it is a favorite hair style. 要点 这是一个主从复合句,主句是at the moment it is a favorite hair style。在让步状语从句中,作为表语的u opular 放在 as前面位于句首,构成部分倒装。形容词＋as从句在意思上等于although...,一般翻译成"虽然…"。注意这个形容词不能放在动词后面,否则整个句子意思不同。 译文 虽然过去红色不受欢迎,眼下红色染发剂却备受青睐。 8. Lonely was seeing his daughter only twice a week since the divorce. 要点 这是一个完全倒装句,主语是seeing his daughter...divorce。翻译时可正装。 译文 他只是觉得离婚后每周只能看女儿两次让他感到孤独。 9. So perilous was this one that he was the only security officer on the site. 要点 该句的原结构是this one was so perilous that...,因为把 so perilous 放在句首,所以句子要主谓倒装。翻译时可正装。 译文 做现场惟一的保安官员,这差使还真有点危险。 10. In front of me stood the e ential tools of the intelligence officer's trade - a desk, two telephones, one scrambled（改变频率使不被窃听） for outside calls, and to one side a large green metal safe with an oversized combination lock on the front. 要点 这是一个并列句,由and连接。第一个分句中破折号前面是一个完全倒装句,主语是 the e ential tools of the intelligence officer's trade。破折号后面的部分是用来解释trade。One scrambled for outside calls 等于one of which was scrambled for outside calls。第二个分句也是一个完全倒装句,只是在 to one side后面省去了动词stood。该句可按原文语序翻译,第二个分句中省去的动词应翻译出来。 译文 展现在我面前的是情报官员这一行的基本用具--一张写字台、两部电话,其中一部是变频加密外线电话,在我旁边是一个大型的绿色金属保险柜,其正面有一把特大号复合密码锁。
落樱似雪
排放物控制系统 emission control system排气排放物控制系统 exhaust emission control system二次空气 secondary air二次空气分配歧管 secondary air distribution 二次空气控制阀 secondary air control valve二次空气转换阀 secondary air switching valve二次空气转流阀 secondary air diverter valve二次空气喷射装置 secondary air injection system二次空气喷射管 secondary air injection tube二次空气喷射减速压阀 secondary air injection relief valve脉动空气装置 pulsating air system二次空气泵 secondary air pump曲轴箱排放物控制系统 crankcase emission control system曲轴箱双通风系统 crankcase closed system曲轴箱单通风系统 crankcase sealed system曲轴箱强制通风装置 positive crankcase ventilationPCV阀 PCV valve蒸发排放物控制系统 evaporative emission control system活性碳罐贮存装置 charcoal canister storage system活性碳罐 charcoal canister曲轴箱贮存装置 crankcase storage system空气滤清器贮存装置 air filter storage system燃油箱止回阀 fuel tank check valve油气分离器 fuel and vapor separator清除阀 furge valve催化转化系统 catalytic converting system催化燃烧分析仪 catalytic combustion analyzer催化剂 catalyst转化器 converter催化转化器 catalytic converter轴流式转化器 AXIAL FLOW TYPE CONVERTER径流式转化器 RADIAL FLOW TYPE CONVERTER下流式转化器 down flow type converter上流式转化器 up flow type converter双床式转化器 dual bed converter单床式转化器 single bed converter氧化型催化剂 oxidation catalyst还原型催化剂 reduction catalyst三元催化剂 three-way catalyst贵金属催化剂 noble metal catalyst普通金属催化剂 base metal catalyst稀土催化剂 rare earth catalyst催化剂耗损 catalyst attrition 催化剂收缩 catalyst shrinkage催化剂中毒 catalyst poisoning比表面积 specific surface area空速 space velocity载体涂料 washcoat双重催化系统 dual -catalyst system催化箱 catalyst container载体 substrate整体式载体 monolithic substrate颗粒式载体 pelleted substrate转化效率 conversion efficiency熄灯温度 light-off temperature热态反应系统 thermal reacting system热反应器 thermal reactor反应式歧管 reactive manifold 过热保护装置 over heating protection system过热警报装置 over heating warning system排气口衬套 exhaust port liner后燃器 after burner排气再循环系 EGR system排气再循环 exhaust gas recirculation 节气门前EGR系统 above throttle valve EGR system节气门后EGR 系统 below throttle valve EGR system空气比例式EGR系统 air proportional EGR system负荷比例式EGR系统 load proportional EGR system孔口真空控制式EGR 系统 ported vacuum controlled EGR system喉管真空控制式EGR系统 venturi vacuum controlled EGR system排气压力控制式EGR系统 exhaust pressure controlled EGR system声速控制式EGR系统 sonic controlled EGR system电子控制式EGR系统 electronic controlled EGR system EGR冷却器 EGR coolerEGR 过滤器 GER filterEGR 控制阀 EGR control valveEGR调压阀 EGR pressure regulator再循环排气 EGR gas再循环排气率 EGR rate点火和喷油时刻控制系统 ignition and injection timing control system点火时刻控制系统 ignition timing control system减速点火提前控制装置 deceleration spark advance control推迟喷油时刻控制系统 retarded injection timing control system转速控制的推迟喷油时刻 retarded injection timing with speed负荷控制的推迟喷油时刻 retarded injection timing with load燃油控制系统 fuel control system反馈控制 feedback control空燃比反馈控制系统 air-fuel ratio feedback control system理论配比 stoichiometric高效带 window氧传感器 oxygen sensor稀混合气 lean mixture浓混合气 rich mixture分层充气 stratified charge温度补偿 temperature compensating海拔补偿 altitude compensating气压补偿 atmospheric pressure compensating电子控制化油器 electronic controlled carburetor电子燃油喷射系统 electronic fuel injection system怠速限制器 idle limiter阻风门开启器 choke opener减速控制装置 deceleration control system补气阀 gulp valve节气门定位器 throttle positioner节气门缓冲器 throttle dash pot节气门开启器 throttle opener强制怠速加浓装置 coasting richer发动机电子集中控制系统 electronic concentrated engine control system温度传感器 temperature sensor压力传感器 pressure sensor位置传感器 position sensor转速传感器 speed sensor爆震传感器 knock sensor进气流量传感器 intake flow sensor温度开关 temperature switch 节气门位置开关 throttle position switch其他控制装置 other control systems除水系统 water removal system喷水装置 water injection system调温式空气滤清器 temperature controlled (modulated )air cleaner微粒物捕集装置 particulate trap system捕集装置氧化器 trap oxidizer一氧化碳容积百分率 carbon monoxide percent by volume一氧化碳分析仪 co analyzer湿度 moisture量距和零点 span and zero补偿 compensation标定气体 calibration gas样气处理系统 sample handling system凝水分离器 condensate trap密封垫 gasket玷污 contaminate防漏 leakproof稀释 dilution 算术平均值 arithmetic average精度 accuracy 全量程 full scale漂移 drift预热时间 warm-up time抗腐蚀性 corrosion -resistance流量计 flowmeter热交换器 heat exchanger不透气收集袋 gas-tight collection bag分析测定方法和仪器 analysis measuring method and instrument不分光红外线分析法 nondispersive infrared不分光紫外线分析法 nondispersive ultraviolet氢火焰离子化检测器 flame ionization ditector总碳氢化合物分析仪 total hydrocarbon analyzer气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph化学发光检测器 chemiluminescent detector臭氧发生器 ozonator底盘测功机 chassis dynamometer惯性模拟系统 inertia simulation system功率吸收装置 device for power absorption 转鼓 roller空气阻力 aerodynamic resistance滚动阻力 rolling resistance当量惯量 equivalent inertia滤纸式测试仪 filter-type measuring apparatus转速表 tachometer成套分析设备 analytical train组合气室 stacked cell参比室 reference cell滤光室 filter cell干扰滤光器 interferential filter加热式氢火焰离子化检测器 heated flame ionization detector氮氧化合物转化器 Nox converter(No2-NO)反应室 reactive cell (chamber)催化燃烧分析仪 catalytic combustion analyzer碳氢化合物响应度 hydrocarbon response碳数当量 carbon equivalent百万分率碳 parts per million carbon (ppmC)氧干扰 oxygen interference氧校正 oxygen correction 湿度较正系数 humidity correction (kh)factor拖尾 tailing五氧化二碘法 iodine penta-oxide method平衡气 balance gas零点气 zero grade gas (air zero gas)校正气 calibrating gas 量距气 span gas 拉格朗日拟合 lagrangian fit 二氧化碳干扰校正 corrected for CO2 extraction 袋式分析 bag analysis柴油机排烟测定仪器 diesel smoke measuring instrument排气烟度 opacity of exhaust gas烟度计 opacimeter全流式烟度计 full flow opacimeter取样烟度计 sampling opacimeter光线有效通过长度 effective path length of light ray吸光系数 light absorption coefficient 峰值储存器 peak hold device烟室 smoke chamber引进气体 incoming gas排出气体 outgoing gas 色温 color temperature人眼的感光曲线 photoptic curve of human eye光谱反应曲线 spectral response curve光源 light source光束 light beam 直接光线 direct light ray反射光线 reflected light rays散射光 diffused light光通量 light lux 中性滤波仪 neutral optical filter烟度计物理反应时间 physical response time of opacimeter电气响应时间 electrical response time倍频程 octave热时常数 thermal time-constant 烟柱 smoke column标定用遮光片 calibrating screen 示踪气体 tracer gas扫气 scavenge air冷却装置 cooling device膨涨箱 expansion tank暗度刻度 obscuration scale光学试验台 optical bench热电偶 thermocouple气密性 gas tightness阻尼室 dampling chamber烟度计 smokemeter光学式烟度计 optical smokemeter不透光式烟度计 smoke opacimeter比尔-朗伯定律 beer-lambert law不透光度 opacity (lgiht obscuration )(N)透光度 transmittance(t)光吸收系数 coefficient of light absorption (k)光通道有效长度 effective optical path length(L)滤纸式烟度计 filter type smokemeter有效长度 effective length抽气量 swept volume滤纸有效面积 effective filter area死区容积 dead volume烟度单位 smoke unit(index)滤纸式烟度单位 filter smoke number (FSN)内装式烟度计 built-in (in-line)smokemeter外装式烟度计 mounted(end-of line) smokemeter全流式烟度计 full-flow smokemeter部分流式烟度计 art-flow smokemeter取样探头 probe排气收集系统 exhaust gas collection equipment稀释空气样气收集袋 sample collection bag for dilution air稀释空气取样探头 sample probe for dilution air稀释排气混合气收集袋 sample collection bag for dilute exhaust mixture取样方法和设备 sampling method and device全流取样法 full flow sampling部分流取样法 partial flow sampling 定容取样法 constant volume sampling (CVS)全量袋式取样法 total bag sampling 比例取样法 proportional smapling直接取样法 direct sampling method 动态或连续取样法 dynamic or continuous sampling容积式泵 positive displacement pump临界流量文杜里管 critical flow venturi稀释系数 dilution factor稀释用空气 dilution air稀释排气 diluted exhaust稀释风道 dilution ratio取样探管 dilution tunnel取样袋 sampling bag逆向清洗 back flush试验方法和限值 testing method and limits试验循环 test cycle行驶循环 driving cycle工况 mode行驶监视仪 driver aid中间转速 intermediate speed加权系数 weighting coefficient美国烟排放物试验循环 US EPA smoke emission test cycle全负荷法 full load method自由加速法 free acceleraton method加载减速法 lug down method稳定单速法 single steady speed method道路试验法 road test method滑行法 coastdown密闭室测定蒸发排放物法（SHED） sealed housing ofr evaporative emission determination (SHED)运转损失 running losses热浸损失 hot soak losses昼间换气损失 diurnal breathing losses排放限值 emission limits怠速排放限值 idle speed emission limits浓度排放限值 emission concentration limits质量排放限值 mass rate of emission limits净化 purifying净化率 purifying rate无铅汽油 unleaded gasoline劣化系数（DF） deterioration factor(DF)动物集装箱 live-stock container干货集装箱 dry cargo container保温集装箱 isothermal container框架集装箱 flat rack container散货集装箱 bulk container罐式集装箱 tank container冷藏集装箱 refrigerated container轴荷 axle load最大设计轴荷 maximum design axle load最小设计轴荷 minimum authorized axle load最大允许轴荷 maximum design axle load比功率 power/mass ratio比扭矩 torque/maximum total mass ratio重量利用系数 factor of weight utilizaton 汽车型谱 chart of automotive model计算机辅助设计 computer aided deisgn(CAD)有限寿命设计 design for finite life累积疲劳损伤原理 theory of cumulative damage in fatique优化设计 optimum deisgn汽车尺寸控制图 sketch on layout ofr dimenshion's control of assembly汽车总装配图 automobile assembly drawing 汽车总布置草图 sketch for automobile layout汽车设计的技术经济分析 technical -economic analysis in automobile design设计任务书 design assignment系列化、通用化、标准化 seriation ,universalization and standardization 总布置设计 calculation for layout运动校核 correction of motion前悬 front overhang后悬 rear overhang离地间隙 ground clearance纵向通过角 ramp angle接近角 approach angle离出角 departure angle车架高度 height of chassis above ground
优质英语培训问答知识库
