宇宙梧桐
2013年，我跟其他新东方同事被派到美国哥伦比亚大学进行访问学习。在一次诗歌课上，教授让我们即兴写首小诗并在课上朗读。我大胆地朗读了自己的拙作，然后在掌声中嬉皮笑脸地准备返回座位，不想却被教授叫住。他希望其他新东方老师能够向我提出问题，一起探讨。结果是大家都没有提出问题，偶有几个声音，也无非是“provoking”“nicely written”之类的“吹捧”。站在台上的我不免有些尴尬，只好自嘲自己的蠢作毫无探讨价值。后来又有两个新东方老师读了自己的诗，大家依然报以善意的微笑和热烈的掌声，还是没有问题。几天后，我们去纽约市附近的Harrison High School，感受美国高中生的真实课堂。这是一所公立学校，其中一节写作课给我留下极为深刻的印象。进入正在上课的教室，二十几个学生呈U形围坐在教室中。老实讲，学生给我的第一印象并不好：他们有趴在桌子上的，有穿着鞋盘腿坐在椅子上的，有吃零食的，也有佩戴夸张首饰的。老师在学生围成的U字中间缓慢踱步，充满感情地朗读一篇学生习作，每读完一节，就会停顿下来，让大家提出问题进行讨论。让我惊讶的是，学生们在提问环节都表现得相当成熟、老道，那些趴在桌子上和吃零食的学生都像僵尸复活一般，积极举手从诸多角度对文章提出各种问题。几轮发问下来，文章的主题、作者当时的情绪、选词造句的考虑、修辞的运用等被挖掘得淋漓尽致。想想前几天哥大的诗歌课，一丝惭愧袭上心头，我不禁对这些美国高中生暗自点了一个赞：真是会问啊。毋庸置疑，没有人与别人交流是全靠独白的。人际交流通常是双向(对话)的，主要形式为听和说，而在听说之间少不了提问。“问”在交际对话中的作用不可小觑，它能帮我们获取信息(obtain information)、开启对话(start a conversation)、检验理解(test understanding)、寻求支持或认同(seek support or agreement)。我们熟知的一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句的背后蕴藏着怎样的思维方式，这值得我们琢磨。下文中我就从生活中常用的提问方式中选取几种，略作解析，以提醒大家在口语练习中不要轻视“提问”这一重要环节。封闭式与开放式提问封闭式提问(closed-ended questions)通常是指那些在提问时对回答的内容有所限制，让对方在可选的几个答案中进行选择的提问方式。比如：“Is that your final answer?”我们只需回答 “Yes”或“No”。封闭式提问也包括那些只需一两个词即可回答的提问方式，比如：“Where were you born?”我们只需回答出生地即可。而开放式提问(open-ended questions)是不能简单用“Yes”和“No”来回答的。这类提问方式通常以“wh”开头的词(如 why、where、who、how等)提问，这样的提问方式能给予回答者充分表达自己的空间。回答者可以对问题做进一步的讨论和阐述，从而扩大回答的范围。开放式提问对于了解一个人或某种情况的进展非常必要。在与陌生人搭讪、参加聚会等生活场景中，巧妙地将封闭式提问与开放式提问相结合是必要的交流技巧。下面就列举两个很好地运用了这两种技巧的场景。运用场景1清晨的纳帕(Napa)小镇，一家星巴克咖啡厅(Starbucks)里的空余座位已经所剩不多，人们悠闲地呷一口咖啡，或看报，或与陌生人搭讪。我坐在咖啡厅里，细品着这幅美国西部小镇的风情画。我的邻座是一位五十几岁的先生，长得很艺术又有点牛仔范儿，且称他“牛仔男”。我“窃听”到他与两个人搭讪的话。第一位是充满爱怜地逗弄着咖啡店的猫咪的老年女士，几句寒暄之后，“牛仔男”开始发问。第一个问题是：“Do you have a pet?”，第二个问题是：“Then what is your pet like?”，他搭讪的第二位是个十几岁的男孩儿，寒暄之后，“牛仔男”开始发问。第一个问题是：“Enjoy your school time?”第二个问题是：“What do you and your friends do for fun?”我不禁一乐，这两次搭讪的路数不正是封闭式问题与开放式问题相结合的提问方式吗？这样的问法能够很好地打开回答者的话匣子，让对话进行下去。运用场景2在美国用餐结束，很少听到服务员这样问我：“Are you satisfied?”其原因为这是一个封闭性的提问方式，回答无非是简单的一个词——“yes”或“no”。而如果服务员真心希望得到顾客的客观反馈，开放式提问非常重要，所以你听到服务员更多的是问：“How was everything?”这样的话，回答“Pretty good”的顾客多数愿意谈谈为什么这么评价，比如味道好、服务优、分量大等。回答“It’s Okay”的顾客多数也愿意说说理由，比如环境还行但价格小贵等。在开放式问题的引导下，顾客才能有空间表达自己的想法，服务员才能切实了解顾客满意的是什么，需要提高的是什么。引导式提问引导式提问(leading questions)充满了智慧。这种提问有时可以将回答者引到提问人的思路上，从而得到想要的答案。这种提问方式常见于庭审现场、新闻采访、商品推销、说服工作等情景。引导式提问有时让听者感觉提问人已经有了答案，有很强的暗示作用。下面列举两个运用场景。运用场景1一个推销椅子的售货员很少会这样询问顾客：“Do you want to buy one?”而是通常询问： “What color do you like best?”这样的提问方式能让顾客产生幻觉：“我已经决定买椅子了，现在需要考虑的是选个什么颜色的。”在保险推介现场，保险推销员尽量不问你是否买保险，而是询问：“Which would you prefer, A or B?”(在A和B两个保险中，你会选择哪一个?)这种提问方式也能让客户产生幻觉：“我已经决定买保险了，现在需要考虑的是选哪种套餐。”运用场景2去朋友家吃饭，主人客气地跟大家征询：“各位想吃点什么？”可马上又来了一句：“Shall we all choose steak?”既然主人都这么问了，你还能不同意吗？朋友聚会，A君抛出一个问题：“Would you prefer to live in Beijing or Hainan where the air is very clear?”表面上这句话是在询问别人的选择喜好，但听完了where the air is very clear之后，多数人会顺着提问者的暗示对海南的空气大加赞赏一番。反过来，A君的问题如果换成：“Would you prefer to live in Hainan or Beijing where you can enjoy the wonderful city life?” 听完了where you can enjoy the wonderful city life之后，多数人会顺着提问者的暗示认为北京都市生活的无可替代性。选举会上，B君提议大家对William进行评议：“What do you think about William? Nearly everybody is opposed to him, by the way.”听完你肯定会暗自思忖：“William是个‘万人烦’，我还能表示支持吗？这么冒天下之大不韪好吗？”探索式提问当我们欲对事情有更清晰的认识、更广泛的了解和更深刻的体会时，往往会借助探索式提问(probing questions)。探索式提问能帮助我们找出更多细节, 对事物展开更深层次的剖析。常见表达1当你想了解一个陌生词语或想确认自己的理解是否正确的时候，可以试试下列提问。“What exactly did you mean by XXX ?”“Could you tell me more about XXX?”“What were you thinking about when you said XXX?”“Sorry, I didn’t catch all you said. Could you help by giving an example?”“Could you please give me an example to illustrate?”“I’m not certain what you mean by XXX. Could you give me some examples?”“This is what I heard … Did I understand you correctly?”常见表达2当你想了解更多细节的时候，可以试试下列提问。“Could you tell me more about that, please?”“And what happened after that?”“Then what happened?”“What else can you remember about that situation?”漏斗式提问漏斗式提问(Funnel questions)往往以宽泛的话题入手，通过一系列问题的设置，使谈话内容逐渐变窄，从而达到探寻近况、盘问细节的效果。请看下面两个运用场景。运用场景1暑假结束后，同学聚在一块儿难免聊聊假期过得怎样。我们一般会通过漏斗式的提问来了解彼此的近况。“How was your holiday?”“What did you see when you were in San Francisco?”“Were there any good restaurants?”“Did you try local food?”“Did you try the lobster?”运用场景2侦探想要从目击者那里获取信息，如果直白地询问：“Are there any details you can give me about what you saw?”效果必将大打折扣。而使用漏斗式提问可以帮助目击者再现现场，逐渐聚焦于有用的细节上。请看下面这组对话。A: How many people did you see in the fight?B: About 6.A: Men or women?B: Mostly men.A: How old were they?B: In their 20s.A: Did they wear anything special?B: Yeah, three of them had baseball caps on.A: Can you remember the color of the caps?B: Red, I am sure.修辞性提问修辞性提问(rhetorical question)是用反问句来提问。反问是以问题的方式出现，却不需回答，实际功能是为了表明某种看法，从而引发对该问题的进一步讨论。下面列举两组运用场景。运用实例1有些英语习惯用语便是修辞性提问，请各位感受以下几句的含义。“Are you crazy?” (提问者并非对“你是否疯掉了”表示怀疑，而是表达“你真是叫人难以理解”。)“Who cares?” (并非需要回答“到底是谁关心”，而是表示“不在乎”。)“Are you kidding me?”(并非询问“你正在开玩笑吗”，而是在表达“你耍我”的不满情绪。)运用实例2《狮子王》(The Lion King)有两句经典台词，反映出小狮子Simba与邪恶势力斗争，敢于挑战，勇于承担的王者风范。“This is my kingdom. If I don’t fight for it, who will?”“这是我的国土，我不为她而战斗，还会有谁呢？”(潜台词是“我应该为她而战斗” 。)“Why should I believe you? Everything you ever told me was a lie.”“我为何要相信你？你所说的一切都是谎话。”(句中问句的潜台词是“我根本就不相信你”。 )《简爱》(Jane Eyre)中Jane的几个修辞性问句，句句表达立场，根本无需回答，充分展示出女主人公强烈的自尊心理。“Why do you confide in me like this?”“您为什么对我讲这些？”(潜台词为“您不应该跟我讲这些”。 )“What are you and she to me?”“您和她(英格拉姆小姐)跟我有什么关系？”(潜台词为“您和她跟我毫无关系”。)“You think that because I’m poor and plain, I have no feelings?”“您以为我穷，不好看，就没有感情吗？”(潜台词为“我当然有感情”。)沟通和交流，不得不练“问”！提问可促进交流，从而获取信息；提问可激发思考，从而解决问题。本文浅析了几个英语常见提问技巧及其背后的思维方式，意在引发各位的关注与思考，从而在交流中问得好、问得妙。
四肥居阿
ask to是邀请……参加……。ask for的意思是请求、要求。ask的用法和辨析一、详细释义：v.问；询问 [I,T]例句：I'll ask the teacher about the results of the test.我将向老师询问考试的结果。例句：I didn' t ask the price.我没问价钱。要求；需要 [I,T]例句：The applicant has the right to ask the payee to make payment on the day the judgment is publicly announced.自判决公告之日起，申请人有权向支付人要求支付。例句：He may ask us to submit to things which we cannot endure.他也许会要求我们承受无法忍受的事情。要价 [T]例句：How much did he ask?他索价多少？例句：Mr Pantelaras was asking £6,000 for his collection.潘特莱拉斯先生为他的藏品要价6,000英镑。邀请 [T]例句：He would ask his best friend, Erin, to go out with him.他要邀请他最好的朋友艾琳跟他一起出去玩。例句：I hope you'll ask me again some other time.我希望以后有机会你还会再邀请我。二、词义辨析：ask,beg,demand,require,request,implore,claim,pray,entreat这些动词均有“要求，请求”之意。 ask最普通用词，指向对方提出要求或请求，长、晚辈，上下级之间都可使用。 beg指恳切地或再三地请求或要求，常含低三下四意味，也多用于应酬场合。 demand一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求，或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求。 require强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求。 request正式用词，指非常正式，有礼貌的请求或恳求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。 implore书面用词，着重指迫切、焦急或痛苦地恳求或哀求，常含较强的感情色彩。 claim指有权或宣称有权得到而公开提出的要求。 pray语气庄重，指热情、诚恳和敬祈的要求，现不很常用。 entreat泛指一般“恳求或哀求”，含企图说服对方或用热烈的请求软化反对意见的意味。三、相关短语：ask for1.请求,征求,要求 2.找人（或路）ask for it自寻麻烦,自找苦吃ask for trouble自讨苦吃,自寻烦恼,自找麻烦ask out邀请外出;退休,辞退四、参考例句：Ask them in.请他们进来。Ask that there girl.问那里的那个女孩。Ask the right questions.提出合适的问题。They ask people questions.他们会提问。Ask for feedback.寻求反馈。Just ask science.看看科学依据吧。Ask me anything.可以问我任何问题。Ask open-ended questions.提出开放式问题。Ask for help.寻求帮助。
精品窗帘
那个不是单词link，那个的写法是link.v.，表示系动词的意思。最后一个结构是主系表结构，即主语+系动词+表语。如：He is a teacher，他是一个老师。就是这样的结构。
小妖乐乐10
issues意思：
n. 议题；债券；发行物；子嗣
名词issue的复数形式 一、读音：英 ['ɪʃjuːz]；美 ['ɪʃjʊz]
二、例句：
Culture and language related issues lead to comical situations.
文化和语言相关的议题常常使他们闹出很多笑话，啼笑皆非。
三、词汇用法/搭配：
1、pressing issues 紧急问题
2、gender issues 性别问题
3、relevant issues 相关问题
扩展资料：
原型词：issue
一、意思：
n. 议题；问题；期刊号；一次发行额；发行；<律>子女
v. 发表；公布；正式发给；发行；流出
二、读音：英 ['ɪʃuː]；美 ['ɪʃuː]
三、例句：
Xinhua News Agency is authorized to issue the following statement.
新华社受权发表如下声明。
四、词汇用法/搭配：
1、issue的基本意思是“如同从母体降生般出现并生存下来”。通常译作“使书等出版、发行”，尤指“使…流出，放出，送出，排出”。
2、issue既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时，后可接名词、代词作宾语； 也可接双宾语，其间接宾语可以转换为介词to的宾语，介词不可用for；也可接介词from，表示“从…涌出”；issue还可接以as短语充当补足语的复合宾语。
国美京华城
ask to表示要求 ask sb to do sth.让某人做某事，要求某人做某事ask for表示询问,或者请求，意思较为委婉 ask for helping请求帮助以上内容仅供参考
纯情小泰伦
Hello, I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!Asking questions and giving answers are the basics of great conversation, in English and in any language!大家好，我是Emma，欢迎大家来到Emma的美味英语！问问题和回答是对话必须的基本要素，不管是在英语还是在其他任何语言当中！But, are you doing it correctly in English?Many of my students can get by, they can get their message across even without the correct structure word order or intonation.但是，你用英语说的是对的吗？我的很多学生可以设法避开这个问题，他们甚至可以不使用正确的结构、单词顺序和语调就可以传递他们想要表达的信息。But, it makes for a very bumpy awkward conversation!In this lesson, I want to help you improve the structure of your questions, so that they flow smoothly, clearly, and automatically!但是，这会让对话变得非常的尴尬！在本节课程中，我想要帮助大家改善问题的结构，这样它们就会听起来更加流畅、清晰和自然。And finally you can start enjoying English conversations!It's important to spend some time improving your Q&A skills!最后你就会开始享受英文对话啦！花点时间提升自己的问问题和回答问题的技能是非常重要的。Have you heard that before? Q&A? It stands for question and answers.你之前听说过吗？问答？它的意思是问题和答案。You might have heard it somewhere before, Q&A.First up, let's review question structure in English.你可能之前听到过这个表达，问答。首先，让我们回复一下英文问题的结构吧。Now, the good news is that English questions are fairly consistent and easy to follow because they have a clear structure.There are four main parts that you need to keep in mind.好的，好消息是英语问题都比较一致，也很容易模仿，因为它们的结构比较清晰。有四点你需要牢记在心。The first part: question words.Then number two is your auxiliary verb or your helping verb: be, do or have.第一部分是：疑问词。第二个是你的助动词，be，do和have。It can also be a modal auxiliary verb like can or will or should.Thirdly, you need your subject.也可以是像can，will或者should这种情态动词。第三呢，你需要主语。I, you, we, etc.And your main verb, any verb!我啊，你啊，我们啊等等。然后就是你的主动词啦，任何动词都可以！These are the four things that you need and you need them in that order, every time!Okay, let's try with some examples, ready?这是你所需要的四个元素，而你需要按顺序使用它们，每次都是这样哦！好的，让我来用例子来试一下，准备好了吗？Where do you live?Question word, auxiliary, subject, main verb!你住在哪里？疑问词、助动词、主语和主动词！What do you like about it?Question word, auxiliary, subject, main verb!你觉得这怎么样啊？疑问词，助动词，主语，主动词！How long have you been living there?Question phrase, auxiliary verb, subject, main verb!你住在这里多久了？疑问短语，助动词，主语，主动词！Okay, so what about this type of question?Do you live in England?好的，那这种类型的问题呢？你住在英国吗？In this question, we don't have a question word but we do have all of the other parts of the English question structure.We don't have the question word but we do have the auxiliary verb (do), the subject (you) and the main verb (live).在这个问题里，是没有疑问词的，但是英语问题结构的其他的部分都是有的。虽然没有疑问词，但是我们有助动词do，主语you和主动词live。It's as simple as that, every time!This type of question is perfectly acceptable too.就是这么简单，每次都是这样！这种类型的问题也是完全可以接受的呢。You don't need to have a question word.There are two types of questions in English, closed questions, the questions which start with an auxiliary verb and open questions, questions which start with a question word or a question phrase.不需要一定要有一个疑问词。英文中有两种类型的问题，封闭式问题，也就是以助动词开头的问题，以及开放式问题，也就是以疑问词或者疑问短语开头的问题。Keep that in mind for a few minutes.Questions that start with an auxiliary verb or a helping verb are closed questions because they require just a simple answer, yes or no.先记住这个哦。以助动词开头的问题是封闭式问题，因为它们的答案非常简单，是，或者否。The detail is not really important. Do you like the soup?细节不是特别重要。你喜欢汤吗？No, I don't. Can you help me for a minute?不，我不喜欢。你能帮我一下下嘛？Yeah, I can. Have you been to Italy?是的，当然可以啦。你去过意大利吗？No, I haven't. Are you enjoying the movie?不，我没去过。你喜欢这部电影吗？Yeah, I am. Another good tip here is the connection between the question and the answer.是的，我很喜欢呢。另一个很棒的技巧就是问题和答案之间的衔接。See how the answer directly responds to the information in the question. Are you?看一下答案是如何直接和问题中的信息挂钩的。是吗？Yeah, I am. No, I'm not.是的呢。不，我不是。Have you? No, I haven't.你做过吗？我，我没有。Yeah, I have.There are lots of patterns in English questions, so if you start paying attention to the detail, you'll really be able to improve your grammar.是的，我做过。英文问题有很多模式，所以如果你开始关注细节的话，你的语法肯定可以提高。Questions that start with a question word are open questions and they're questions that require more information in the answer.Not just 'Have you been to Italy? '以疑问词开头的问题是开放性问题，这些问题需要回答中给出更多的信息。不只是“你去过意大利吗？”But, 'When did you go? 'I went last year!而是“你什么时候去的？”我去年去的。How long did you stay there?I stayed there for 3 months.你在那里呆了多久？我在那里呆了三个月。Why did you go there? I went to study and learn Italian!你为什么去那里啊？我去学习意大利语！A good rule of thumb is that closed questions are great for confirming information about people. Do you live there?一个很好的经验就是封闭式问题比较适合用来确认信息。你住在那里吗？Once you confirm the answer then you can use open questions to learn more about them, their experiences, their opinions, their recommendations.How long does it take to drive there?一旦你确定了答案，就可以使用开放式问题来了解关于他们更多的信息，他们的经历，他们的观点，以及他们的建议。开车去那里要多久啊？What's the best restaurant to try?What's the weather like at this time of year?一定要尝试的餐馆是哪一家啊？每年的这个时候天气是什么样的啊？What's the best thing about living there?Again, let me show you that the question structure always stays the same, question word, auxiliary verb, subject, main verb.住在那里最棒的是什么啊？让我再给大家展示一下问题的结构一直是相同的吧，疑问词、助动词、主语和主动词。So, the most obvious difference between open and closed questions is the question word.But there is another noticeable difference and that's intonation.所以呢，开放性和封闭性问题的最明显差别就是疑问词。但是还有一个很明显的差别，那就是语调。Intonation is the way that your voice rises and falls when we speak.The intonation of your question depends on the type of question that it is.语调是当我们说话的时候，你的声音上升和下降的方式。你的问题语调取决于你的问题类型。For closed questions, so questions with auxiliary verbs, your intonation goes up at the end.Do you like them?那么封闭性问题呢，这些问题是以助动词开头的，在问题结束的时候要用升调。你喜欢他们吗？Are you hungry? Open questions that require more information in the answers usually go down in intonation.你饿了吗？需要在答案中提供更多信息的开放性问题在结束的时候通常都是降调。Why do you like them? What do you want to eat?你为什么喜欢他们？你想吃什么？An important thing to think about all the time, but especially when you're trying to use questions correctly, is making sure that your subject and your auxiliary verb match.When you're using an auxiliary verb in English questions, and in regular sentences too, your main verb stays in the infinitive form and your auxiliary verb needs to change, depending on the subject and also the tense.大家一直都要考虑的一件事情，尤其是当你想要正确地问问题的话，那就是确保你的主语和主动词的搭配是正确的。当你在英文问题中使用助动词的时候，当然在一般的句子里面也是这样，你的主动词是不定式，而助动词需要根据主语和时态进行相应的变化。For example: Do you live in London?比如说：你住在伦敦吗？The auxiliary verb matches the subject.If our subject changes to 'he' then we need to change our auxiliary verb to match it.助动词和主语是搭配的。如果你的主语变成了“他”的话，我们就需要改变助动词来与其搭配。Does he live in London? Have they tried it?他住在伦敦吗？他们尝试过吗？Has she tried it? Where was he living before?他试过吗？他之前住在哪里呢？Where were they living before?So, the relationship between the auxiliary verb and the subject is one that you need to pay close attention to.他们之前住在哪里呢？所以呢，大家一定要非常注意助动词和主语之间的关系。Now, I want to warn you, in real conversation things get loose, fast, and sometimes grammatically incorrect.Most native English speakers can be a bit cheeky and a bit lazy at times, especially when they're speaking!好的，我想要告诉大家的是，在真实的对话当中，情况就比较宽松，大家就说的很快，有时候语法会出现错误。大多数英语母语者有时候可能会有点懒惰，尤其是他们在说话的时候！So, you need to listen for key pieces of information plus intonation and try to just go with the flow.One very common example of this is with closed questions, ones that start with an auxiliary verb, they can be shortened!所以，你需要注意听关键信息，还有语调，顺其自然就行了。一个非常常见的例子是以助动词开头的封闭性问题，它们一般就会被截短！So, the question 'Do you want to get something to eat? ' can become 'Want to get something to eat?The intonation is important here so that you know that it's a question.所以，“你想吃点东西吗？”有时候会变成“想吃点东西吗？”语调在这里非常重要，这样你才能知道这是个问题。The intonation goes up because it's a closed question. Want to get something to eat?因为是个封闭式问题，所以语调是升调。想吃点东西吗？Okay, well, be sure to download my cheat sheet and audio guide to help you practice using questions correctly.You can get it right here.好的， 记得一定要下载我的“小抄”还有音频指导，帮助大家练习正确地问问题。就在这里。So, there was a lot to take in that lesson and I'll definitely link to some other video lessons that I've made that will help you practice auxiliary verbs, subject verb agreement and question intonation.Right here, here and maybe I'll put one here too!所以呢，那节课程中有很多内容，我也会放上其他视频课程的链接，这些课程会帮助大家练习助动词、主语动词的一致还有问题语调。就在这里，我可能也会在这里放一个！Be sure to subscribe to my channel by clicking the red button, just over there! And I release new lessons and worksheets every week.一定点击红色按钮要订阅我的频道，就在那里！我每周都会发布新课程还有练习题。So, I hope to see you in the next lesson!Bye for now!所以呢，我希望在下节课程中见到大家！拜拜！
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