英语课文84年

HOW MARX LEARNED FOREIGN LANGUAGES Karl Marx was born in Germany, and German was his native language. When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. He stayed in Belgium for a few years; then he went to France. Before long he had to move on again. In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work. Marx had learned some French and English at school. When he got to England, he found that his English was too limited. He started working hard to improved it. He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper. In fact, his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it. Marx wrote back to say that the Engel’s praise had greatly encouraged him. However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things - the grammar and some of the idioms. These letters were written in 1853. In the years that followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it. When he wrote one of his great works. The Civil War in France, he had mastered the language so well that he was able to write the book in English. In the l870s, when Man was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia, so he began to learn Russian. At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian. In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. He said when people are learning a foreign language, they should not translate everything into their own language. If they do this, it shows they have not mastered When they use the foreign language, they should try to Forger all about their own. If they cannot do this, they have not really learned the spirit of the foreign language and cannot use it freely.

外研版与人教版单词的顺序可能不一样，但所学的多数单词是一样的。我国实行的一纲多本，也就是说，考纲只有一个，高考水平是一样的，学哪一种教材应该区别不大。两者具体区别如下：一、综合语言运用能力设计方面《普通高中英语课程标准》指出“高中英语课程要培养学生的综合语言运用能力。”84年版人教版教材和92年版人教版(Senior English for China)教材最明显的特点是关注英语学科知识，尤其是语法结构，而目前新课标教材“从重知识的传授向知识与技能并重的转变，特别强调能用‘所学的语言做事’，即learning by doing”。在Learning about language后马上安排Using language，通过听说读写的活动使用语言，培养学生运用语言进行交际的能力。外研社版教材(New Standard English)最显著的特点就是将知识与技能安排在一个板块，如“Vocabulary and Speaking”、“Reading and vocabulary”、“ Listening and vocabulary” 、“Vocabulary and Writing”。外研社教材在整体安排上还有一个非常突出的地方，就是在每个Module 的话题下面安排有一个Task,整个单元的教学为完成这个任务提供语言准备、结构准备、内容准备或者方法准备，个人认为这是外研版教材的一大亮点。这样学生学习的目标性更强，完成Task后学生认为学习英语很有用，能马上在实践中进行运用，并且很有成就感。但是，经初步调查，实际教学中老师们都会把这块省略掉，从其它教辅材料补充这块教学，因为操作起来难度大，不系统。二、基础知识设计方面人教版教材的Pre-reading 部分活动设计比较单一，一般是问答题，阅读理解部分任务设计形式多样，有问答、正误判断、记笔记、连句子、写摘要等。运用语言中听说读写任务结合，通常由读开始到听说、又由读开始到写，强调输入与输出之间的关系，尽量设置真实自然的情景任务，如P30由读而说的任务设计一个地震纪念公园开幕式演讲，时代感很强。写作部分也体现写作过程的教学，并提供写作的框架结构（P7）或范本（P16、P32）。外研版教材技能训练中都与词汇教学相结合，如module引入，通常是引出该模块的话题及词汇，并把词汇学习与听、说、写技能相结合为阅读做铺垫。Reading and vocabulary有层次、有梯度地进行阅读理解技能训练和词汇练习，阅读练习为语法学习做铺垫。听前活动设计也与词汇结合，充分体现词汇为听力任务做铺垫的作用（如P27）。笔者以为外研版的听力有时安排任务过多，任务有的先难后易，不是很恰当。设计比较好的是说与写结合训练，写作关注标点、单句（P27），但写作铺垫不够。三、教材内容选材编排方面1.两种版本教材选材内容都略显陈旧，不太适应时代发展步伐。2.人教版教材在编排上条理性逻辑性强。3.外研版的课外文化阅读版块为学生提供了了解外国文化的多个窗口。4.在不同模块都有语法巩固的复现环节。阅读文章都有理解题。总之，教材是教师进行教学的主要依据,是学生进行学习、获得知识的工具。教师合理有效地使用好一本教材不仅能促进自己的教学,更能够促进学生的学习。外研和人教版就是编者不同，但是都符合课程标准要求，外研好像略难一点儿。