已然晕菜
状语(adverbial)是句子的重要修饰成分，是谓语里的另一个附加成分，它一般附加在谓语中心语前面，从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、...
英语状语的各种分类:
让步状语 adverbial clauses of concession ; Adverbial of concession ; although ; They played cricket in spite of the rain
状语前置 with
程度状语 Adverbials of degree ; degree adverbial
持续状语 Adverbials of durationalready yet still ; adverbial of duration
主题状语 Of all
状语结构 SVA structure
型状语 adverbials of contrast
内涵状语 content disjunct
情况状语 Wuerden Sie bitte langsamer sprechen
状语从句分析
1、Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about globalwarming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。
翻译：就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。
分析：该句子的主干是voicesnowcomefrommanyquarters；句首Justas结构做比较状语，意为"正如...一样"；insisting引导的分词结构做定语修饰主语voice，分词结构中含有两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的真实主语是不定式结构tokeep...
2、Automated techniques to measure these characteristics and verify a person's identity infalliblyare attracting widespread attention in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail.
翻译：在信用卡和电子邮件越来越多地被使用的今天，用来测量这些特性和确认人的身份的自动技术吸引了广泛的关注。
分析：该句主语是automated techniques, 谓语是attract,宾语attention, in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail在句子里起时间状语的作用。
3、On Friday, Russia said it was considering suspending all such adoptions after a 7-year-oldRussian boy was sent back to Moscow unaccompanied when his adoptive American familyrejected him.
翻译：周五，一名7岁的俄罗斯男孩在无人陪伴的情况下被他的美国领养家庭送回莫斯科，俄罗斯表示将考虑终止所有类似的收养行为。
分析：这句话的前半部分是主干。after后是时间状语从句。when his adoptive American family rejected him也是时间状语从句，但是这里的状语补充说明的是was sent back to Moscow的时间。
青蛙公主999
英语中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子是状语，状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、名词、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。
状语的作用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状语等。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、名词、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
副词是一种用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或全句的词，说明时间，地点，程度，方式等概念。
1.副词一般在句子中做状语
He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好。
其中的“very”是程度副词，用来修饰“well”。“very well”是修饰“speak”的程度状语。
2. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语
I come specially to see you. 我专门来看你。
3.介词短语
Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.
从十年以前开始，她开始住在了大连。
The boy was praised for his bravery.
这个男孩因为他的勇敢而被夸奖。
4.从句作状语
When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.
她12岁的那一年开始居住于大连。
If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.
如果我明天不忙，我就会陪你踢足球。
5.动词ing形式作状语
①表示时间
Seeing its mother, the baby smiled. （see和smile同时发生）
看到它的母亲，婴儿笑了。
Having studied English for 3 years, he can communicate with foreigners.（先study 然后才能communicate）
学了3年英语，现在他能与外国人交流了。
②表示原因
Not knowing anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.
(=Because he didn't know anything about the...)
Not having received any news from home for a long time, she is becoming more and more homesick.
(=As she hasn't received any news from home...)
③表示结果
It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. 大雨滂沱,造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。
European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.
80个国家都有足球这项运动，使它成为世界上最受欢迎的运动。
The snow lasted a week, leading to a serious traffic jam in the whole area.
雪持续了一个星期，导致了整个地区的严重交通堵塞。
④表示方式
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生计。
⑤表示伴随
She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.（reading是伴随着sat进行的）
她坐在书桌前看报纸。
“Can't you read？”Mary said angrily pointing to the notice.（pointing是伴随着said进行的）
“你自己不会看吗？”玛丽指着那个告示牌并愤怒地说道。
I offered them something to eat, thinking they might be hungry. 我给了他们一些东西吃,心想着他们可能饿了。
6.名词作状语
We must get together again some day.
将来某天我们必能再相聚.
we should serve people heart and soul.
我们应该全心全意地服务
7、过去分词作状语
Faced with the situation, what are we supposed to do?
一、时间状语 She is to be married next month. 她预定在下个月结婚。 I’ll meet you at 4 o’clock. 我将在4点钟和你见面。 A lot of students missed my lecture yesterday. 昨天许多学生误了我的课。 二、地点状语 He lives over the mountain. 他住在山的那一边。 I first met him in Paris. 我初次见到他是在巴黎。 The children are swimming in the river. 孩子们正在河里游泳。 注：地点状语除表位置外，还可以表“出发”“去向”“距离”等。如： Are you glad to be going back to school? 返回学校你感到高兴吗? They lived many miles from the town. 他们住的地方离镇子好几英里远。 三、方面状语 She is very weak in physics. 她物理很不行。 China is very rich in natural resources. 中国自然资源丰富。 This is better in every way than that. 这个在哪一方面都比那个要好。 The bridge is 2500 meters in length and 150 meters in height. 这座桥长2500米，高150米。 四、原因状语 He was surprised at what she said. 听到她说的话，他很吃惊。 He succeeded by hard work. 他由于努力工作而成功。 He was sent to prison for robbery. 他因为抢劫而坐牢。 Last week she fell ill from cold. 上星期她着凉生病了。 We’re proud of our motherland. 我们为祖国感到骄傲。 五、结果状语 He talked his wife into buying a car. 他说服他妻子买一辆小汽车。 The box is too heavy for me to lift. 这个箱子太重了，我提不动。 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。 He went to Africa in 1963, never to come back. 他在1963年到非洲，然后就再也没回来过了。 六、目的状语 They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 He saves on behalf of his son. 他为儿子存钱。 He stood aside for her to pass. 他靠边站让她过去。 He cupped his ear to hear better. 他的手捂着耳朵，以便听得更清楚。 He went to the south in search of a better life. 他去南方寻求更好的生活。 I went to France not to study French, but to study architecture. 我去法国不是为了学法语，而是为了学建筑。 七、条件状语 Can you see without your glasses? 你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗？ United, we stand；pided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。 With more moneyI would be able to buy it. 钱多一点的话，我就买得起。 To look at himyou could hardly help laughing. 看到他你就会忍不住笑起来。 We must be losing at least a third of our staff under new technology. 在新的技术条件下，我们必定要解雇至少三分之一的员工。 Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们将于明天进行比赛。 八、让步状语 For all his money, he’s a very lonely man. 他虽然富有，可是非常寂寞。 Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill. 卡洛尔尽管感到不舒服仍去上了班。 With all his efforts, he lost the match. 虽然尽了全力，他还是输了那场比赛。 You couldn’t do that to save your life. 你即使为了救自己的命也不能那样做。 Laughed at by everybody, he had my sympathy. 人人都嘲笑他，但我却同情他。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 他们尽管了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。 九、程度状语 I don’t like coffee very much. 我不太喜欢咖啡。 To a great extent, it is not fair. 在很大程度上，这是不公平的。 The system which is used in this school is very successful. 这个学校所施行的制度是非常成功的。 十、方式状语 We came on the bus. 我们坐公共汽车来的。 You must pay the bill in cash. 你必须用现金付账。 I watched the game on television. 我在电视上收看了那场比赛。 We see with our eyes, and hear with our ears. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听。 I heard of the job through a newspaper advertisement. 我从报上的广告中知道了这个工作。 十一、伴随状语 I slept with the window open. 我开着窗睡觉。 She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着泪水说再见。 He ran up to her breathing heavily. 他气喘吁吁地跑到她跟前。 He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗跑进屋来。
jingmaotong
表示数量的词：much，many，few，little，number。
表示程度的词：fairly，pretty，rather，quite，very。
一、much
1、含义：adj. 许多的。adv. 很；非常；几乎。n. 许多
2、用法：
much用作副词主要表示“程度”，意为“非常，很，大大，更加，…如何”，多修饰动词(可放于其前或其后)，也常修饰形容词或副词的比较级或最高级和分词。一般用于疑问句或否定句。
much表示程度还可作“几乎，大致”解。
All the furniture in the room had much carving.
房间里所有的家具上都有许多雕刻。
二、many
1、含义：adj. 许多的。pron. 许多人或物。n. 许多；许多人
2、用法
many用作形容词时后接复数名词，表示许多同样的人或物(但数目不明确)，用作主语时，其谓语动词要用复数形式。常用于否定句中。
many可用来强调more，可用too，so，how等修饰。
Not many people can write with the left hand.
用左手写字的人并不多。
三、pretty
1、含义：adv. 相当地。adj. 漂亮的；秀丽的；好看的。vt. 使漂亮。n. 漂亮的东西；美人
2、用法
pretty用作副词，主要用于非正式场合的口语中，一般用作减弱语，即针对于一定标准而在程度上有所减弱，可修饰使人产生好感的词，也可修饰产生恶感的词。
另一方面，pretty又可作为形容词或副词的强化语。究竟是减弱抑或强化，须根据上下文而定。
What a pretty little garden!
多么漂亮的小花园！
四、fairly
1、含义：adv. 公正地；相当地
2、用法
fairly的基本意思是“公平地，公正地”，指做事情时保持一种公平、公正的心态；还可指“相当地，适度地”，指做事情有一定的标准，而不脱离这个标准。fairly引申可指“完全地，简直”。
This company deals fairly with every client.
这家公司公正地对待每位客户。
五、rather
1、含义：adv. 相当；宁愿；有点儿。int. <英口> 好呀
2、用法
rather是程度副词，用来修饰原级或比较级形容词和副词、动词、分词或单数名词，意思是“有些”“相当”“多少地”，常用于负面含意。rather可和too连用，作程度状语，但此时不可以修饰比较级。
Poultry is rather cheap now.
现在的禽肉相当便宜。
yaodabian0214
表示数量的：一、英语中表示“许多”的词组很多,按其用法可以分为以下三类：1、修饰可名词：many、a number of、 a few、many a、several等.many a 的意思相当于many ,但many a 后边接可数名词单数,如：A number of students have passed the exam.许多学生都通过了考试.Several days ago,I met him in the park.几天前我在公园里遇到了他.2、修饰不可数名词：much、a great deal of、a large amount of等.We can get a great deal of(a large amount of) information from internet.我们可以从互联网上获得大量信息.3、既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词：a lot of (lots of ); plenty of; a large quantity of 等.Plenty of the water is polluted.许多水都被污染了.Plenty of the rivers are polluted.许多河都被污染了.二、few、little；a few、a little的用法：1、few 和a few 都修饰可数名词.few意为“几乎没有”,表示否定；a few表示“有些、几个”,表示肯定；quite a few=many（修饰可数名词）表示“许多”.如：I have eaten a few apples today.=I have eaten many apples today.He has few friends.他几乎没有什么朋友.2、little和a little都修饰不可数名词.little意为“几乎没有几个”,表示否定；a little表示“有些”.如：I have little money.我几乎身无分文.I have a little work to do.我有一些工作要做 quite a little=much（修饰不可数名词）表示“许多.三、a number of 与the number of的区别：a number of 相当于some,a few； a great/large number of相当于many,quite a few；the number of指的是“…的数量”.如：The number of the students in our school is 5,000.我们学校学生的数量是5000人.A number of students have passed the exam.许多学生都通过了考试.还有：1.a good/great deal of+不可数 v单三a large/small sum of money v单三large/small sums of money v单三a large/small amount of 不可数 v单三large/small amounts of 不可数 v单三2.a number of 名词复数 v复数numbers of 名词复数 v复数the number of 名词复数 v单三a good/great many +名词复数 v单三a good/great many of +the/these/those/one's+名词复数 v单三3.a variety of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v单三a supply of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v单三 a quantity of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v单三 a mass of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v单三a measure of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v单三 measures of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v复数masses of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v复数supplies of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v复数quantities of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v复数varieties of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v复数plenty of 名词复数 v复数 plenty of 不可数名词 v单三 表示程度的就很多了,一般形容词和副词都可以表示程度.如：He is a good student!他是一个好学生（形容词表示程度的）He listens to the teacher carefully!他认真的听老师上课!（副词表程度的）
