英语语法动画

关联词是历年高考所关注的热点，尤其那些既有区别又有联系的连词更是倍受命题者所青睐一、that,what 1.两者都可引导名词性从句。1)that本身无词义，常引导名词性从句，此时的从句意义已完整，常不省略(宾语从句除外)。It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.(it为形式主语) 2)what引导名词性从句时，在从句中常作主语或宾语。如：2.what一般不可引导定语从句，不能用作强调词；而that既可引导定语从句(由其前的先行词确定)，又可作强调词。如：All that is needed is a supply of rice. It was only when I reread the article lastnight that I realized the extended meaning. 3.what可作为感叹词引导感叹句，而that不可。如：What a long way it is from Beijing to Lon-don! 二、whether ,if 1.两者都能引导名词性从句之异同：1)当引导一个没有疑问词的问句时，两者均可。如：I'm not sure whether(if)I'll have time. 2)当提出两种选择时要用whether。如：Let me know whether you can come or not. 3)whether可用在介词后，if则不可。如：I haven't settled the question of whether I'll go back home. 4)whether可与不定式连用，if则不行。如：She doesn't know whether to get married now or wait. 5)引导主语从句时，if不能放句首，whether在句首、句中均可。如：It is doubtful if(whether)he is coming. 2.if还可以引起条件状语从句，whether不可以。如：If we try hard,we'll be able to complete the task in time. 3.whether...or(无论)，引起让步状语从句，if不可。如：Whether you come or not,I'll set off on time. 三、in case，if 两者都引导条件状语从句。1)in case作"如果"意义时，常放在句前，可与if替换。如：In case(If)he comes,let me know. 2)in case作"免得，以防"意义时常放在主句后，不能用if替换。试比较：You should insure your house in case there's a fire. John may call tonight.I don't want to go out in case he phones. I don't think I'll need any small change but I'll bring some in case. You should call 999if there's a fire. 四、though,although,as 这三个词都有转折之意，表示"虽然"、"尽管"。1.though和although引导让步状语从句时，常可互换，只是although的语气较强些，其主句前可用副词yet,still,nevertheless修饰，也可不用。如：Though／Although it was late,the farmer kept on harvesting the crops by the lights of the tractors. Though he was old,(yet)he worked hard. 2.though作连词时，可以用于省略句，引起让步状语从句可以用部分倒装语序；作副词时表"可是"、"然而"，常放于句末，但上述用法不适用于although。如：I've a bit of cold.It's nothing serious,though. 3.as引导让步状语从句时，从句用倒装语序，将表语、状语等置于句首，可与though互换。Poor though /as I am，I can afford it. 五、however /whatever...,no matter how/what... 1.no matter what /how等只能引导以形容词或副词为中心的让步状语从句，且用部分倒装形式。如：However /No matter how hard it may be，I must try. 2.however无论怎样，whatever无论什么，既可引导让步状语从句也可引导名词性从句，要视具体情况而定。如：These wild flowers are so special that I would do whatever I can to save them. However late he is,Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. We will have to finish the job,however long it takes. 六、even if,even though "即使"、"纵使"都可引导让步状语从句，但even if更强调假定性。如：Even if he is poor,she loves him.＝He may be poor,yet she loves him. Even though he is poor,she loves him.＝He is poor,yet she loves him. Even though /if I didn't know anybody,Ihad a good time. 七、when,while 二者都可以引导时间状语从句，当从句的动词是延续性动词时，两者可互换。如：He entered the room while(when)his mother was talking with his headteacher. 1.若要表示转折的对比，用while，意为"而，然而"。如：She thought I was talking about her uncle,while in fact,I was talking about my uncle. 2.when相当于"and then"或"at the time that"也是常见考点，主句为特定时间，常用过去进行时或be about to do(即将发生)表达，从句表达的多是偶然性的动作。八、unless(除非，如果不)，if...not 两者都引导条件状语从句。如：He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business. ＝He is sure to come if he hasn't any urgent business. The men will have to wait all day unless the doctor works faster. 1.当从句是虚拟形式时，只用if...not,不用unless引导。如：The flowers would have died,if you had not watered diligently. 2.当主句为疑问句时，不用unless,而用if...not。如：What shall we do if he doesn't reply to our letter? 3.当unless引导的从句带有否定词时，不能用if...not代替。如：I'll go unless no one else goes. 九、till,until(直到……，直到……才) 1.都可引导时间状语从句，当从句在主句后面时，二者均可用；主句谓语动词为延续性动词，用肯定式；若是短暂性动词，用否定式。如：Sandy had left his keys in the office so he had to wait until /till his wife came back. They watched the train until /till it disappeared in the distance. I didn't leave until /till he came back. 2.但是在句首或强调句中时，一般用until而不用till；在句首时，主句谓语要部分倒装而从句不倒装。如：Not until all the fish died in the river did the farmers realize how serious the pollution was! 十、in order that,so that,so...that 1.前两者都可以引导目的状语从句，从句中通常要有can /could,m ay /might,will /would等情态动词，而且，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时从句可转化为in order to do sth.／so as to do sth.／to do sth.。如：John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. They set off for the station very early in order that /so that they might not miss the first bus.�They set off for the station very early in order not to miss the first bus. 2.后两者都可以引导结果状语从句，此时从句中一般不能用can /could,may /might,will /would等。如：He got up very early so that he caught the first train. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it. So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well. I devoted all my time to my studies so that I got good marks in all my subjects. I felt so nervous that I shook like a leaf.

英语学习方法秘诀 句子比单词重要 中国人学英语，最常用的方法是背单词，甚至有人以能背出一本词典为荣，但是词典上的解释是死的，语言的运用却是活的，机械的理解会造成很大的误解。词典不是最重要的，关键在于语境。可以说，单词没有多少实际运用的价值，机械记忆的单词量再大，也不会真正提高你的外语水平。要养成背诵句子的好习惯，因为句子中既包含了发音规则，又有语法内容，还能表明某个词在具体语言环境中的特定含义。 不要学“古董英语”。任何语言都是活的，每天都会发展，学习陈旧的语言毫无新鲜感，而且基本无处可用。不鲜活、不入时、不风趣幽默的语言不是我们要学的语言，多读外文报纸、多看原版影视作品才会有助于补充新词汇。 很多人以为，把单词拆成一个个字母背熟就可以正确地拼写出来，其实，科学的方法是把读音、拼写和用法融为一体，同步进行，眼口手脑并用，并把它应用到句子里面去理解。 听不懂也要听 练习听力时，许多人抱怨听不懂，因而丧失了听的乐趣，往往半途而废。其实，即使听不懂也是一种学习，只不过你自己觉察不到而已。虽然暂时听不懂，但你的耳膜已经开始尝试着适应一种新的语言发音，你的大脑在调整频率，准备接受一种新的信息代码，这本身就是一次飞跃。 所以切记：听不懂时，你也在进步。 练习听力，要充分利用心理学上的无意注意，只要一有时间，就要打开录音机播放外语磁带，使自己处于外语的语言环境中，也许你没听清楚说些什么，这不要紧，你可以随便做其他事情，不用去有意听，只要你的周围有外语环境的发音，你的听力就会提高。 敢于开口 学英语很重要的一点是用来和他人交流，但开口难也是中国人学英语的一大特点。 问题出在以下几点： 一是有些人把是否看懂当成学习的标准。拿到一本口语教材，翻开几页一看，都看懂了，就认为太简单了，对自己不合适。其实，练习口语的教材，内容肯定不会难，否则没法操练。看懂不等于会说，把这些你已经学会的东西流利地表达出来，才是口语教材最主要的目标。 二是千万不要用汉字来记英语发音。学习一门外语如果发音不过关，始终不会真正掌握一门外语，而且最大的害处是不利于培养对外语的兴趣，影响下一步学习。现在有人把用汉语发音标注英语，比如把“goodbye”记作“古得拜”，甚至把这种做法作为成果出版，这样做肯定后患无穷。 不敢开口的第三点是怕语法有错。没有具体问题，一般不要去读语法书。超前学习语法，会使你如坠云里雾里，丧失学习外语的乐趣和信心。 而且，语法好比游泳理论，对于没有下过水的人来说，游泳理论是用处不大的。同样，对于语言实践不够丰富的初学者，直接学习语法的用处不是很大。所以，一定要结合语言实践来理解语法，语法是学会语言后的一种理论思考。学语言不存在对错，只要能说出来，意思让人家明白就可以了，不用费尽心机考虑用什么句型，只要能选准一个单词就行。 学口语最好的办法，不是做习题，不是背诵，也不是看语法书，而是反复高声朗读课文，这种做法的目的是培养自己的语感，只有具备了语感，才能在做习题时不假思索、下意识地写出正确答案。而且，当你熟练朗读几十篇课文后，很多常用句子会不自觉地脱口而出，所谓的“用外语思维阶段”就会悄然而至。 “盯住”一套教材 现在市场上学英语的材料铺天盖地，这给了大家更多的选择余地，但处理不好也会带来不良后果———今天用这个教材、明天换另一种，学习便失去了系统性。正确的做法是选中一套教材，以它为主，其余材料都作为补充。 还有，目前市面上不少考试材料都以“真题”为卖点，不少考生把希望寄托于做“真题”上，以为这样就能通过考试。其实，很多正规的考试取材十分广泛，经过了严格的难度论证，使用过的材料绝不可能二度使用。

说实话自学很难 最好有人教我上学时就有体会：记单词的话要是一个人自己记 很难记到要是老师教一下我就一下子记到了