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小学英语的基本语法
英语不是我们的母语,所以孩子在学习的过程中会有一些障碍。下面是我为大家整理的小学英语的基本语法,欢迎参考~
词性
动词、名词和形容词在英语里与汉语里有类似,也有区别,不太容易区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:
在一个词前面加量词(不定冠词),“一(个、张等)”,如说得通,一般认为是名词;如果说不通,再把“很”加在词的前面去判断,说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)
动词
这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。
(1)行为动词
表示某一动作或行为。如:walk、love等。
行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,
(2)be动词
a、口诀:我用am,你用are,is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。
b、肯定和否定句My hair is(not)long.Her eyes are(not)small.
c、一般疑问句Am I a Chinese?Yes,you are.No,you aren’t.Are they American?Yes,they are.No,they aren’t.Is the cat fat?Yes,it is.No,it isn’t.
我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类:is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中,was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。
(3)情态动词
情态动词也是一类特殊的动词,平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。
我们现在学过的'情态动词有:can、must、should、would、may。接触最多的是can。
情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)
名词
英语中名词有单复数之分。判断的关键词往往是be动词,be动词如果是am、is或was,名词就用原形;be动词如果是are或were,名词就加s或es。
这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。
如何加后缀:
a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags。
b.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches
c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries
d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives
e.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese
形容词(包括副词)
形容词表示某一事物或的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。
未作比较的情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。
两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。
人称代词和物主代词
人称代词物主代词
单数复数单数复数
主格宾格主格宾格形容词性(短)名词性(长)形容词性(短)名词性(长)
第一人称I me we us my mine our ours
第二人称you you you you your yours your yours
第三人称he him they them his his their theirs
she her her hers
it it its its
人称代词:
有主格和宾格之分。
一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。
物主代词:
有两类:形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)
一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无,就用名词性物主代词(长的)。
数量词
我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。
冠词
有a、an、the。a和an有具体的意思,一(个…),the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于辅音音素前。
否定句
表示某一否定意思。句中一定有not。
有三种可能:be动词(am、is、are、was、were)+not、情态动词(can、must、should)+not、助动词(do、does、did)+not
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:
1、看句中有无be动词,如有,直接在be动词后+not。
2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,直接在情态动词后+not。
3、如上述二者都没有,就应用助动词+not。
分四个步骤:
(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。
(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。
(3)在助动词后加not。
(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。
一般疑问句
表示疑问,一般回答只有两种可能Yes,……或No,……句中没有疑问词。
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:
1、看句中有无be动词,如有,把be动词提到句首即可。
2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。
3、如上述二者都没有,就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤:
(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。
(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。
(3)把助动词后提到句首。
(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。
特殊疑问句
表示疑问,有疑问词(在开头),回答有很多种可能。
常用疑问词:
What、When、Which、Who、Whose、Why、How
如何对划线部分提问:
1、将原问句翻译为汉语(在读中要将划线部分重读)。
如:His birthday is on the 5th of May.
他的生日在五月五日。
2、用汉语进行提问。
如上句,应该问:他的生日在什么时候?
3、根据汉语将所要提问的句子补充完整。
如上句When is his birthday?
祈使句
表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。
肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有please),否定的祈使句一定是don’t加动词原形开头(有时有please)。
把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加don’t即可。
时态
1、一般现在时
(1)句中be动词和动词一般情况下只能有一种而且也必须有一种。如:
The children are very happy on Christmas Day.
She often does some housework at the weekend.
(2)一般现在时中的be动词:
一般用原形:am is are
am用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben his sister等);are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children、his parents等)。
(3)一般过去时中的动词:
有两种情况:
第一种情况:主语是第三人称单数(he she it和其他,如Helen、her cousin等),动词后一般加s或es。
第二种情况:主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形。
(4)一般现在时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般现在时):
△be动词是am、is、are
△动词用原形或加s、es
△没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具体的时间
2、一般过去时
a,一般过去时中的be动词:
was用于第一人称单数(I)和第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben、his sister等);were用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children、his parents等)。
b,一般过去时中的动词:
一般只有一种情况:+ed
这里强调一点,和一般现在时不同的是这里不管主语是第几人称,也不管是单数和复数都加ed。
3、一般将来时
(1)构成形式:
Be going to+动词原形。
这里强调一点,be动词、going、to以及动词原形共四个单词缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成一般将来时。
(2)一般将来时表示动作即将发生或某人打算做某事。
(3)句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。
4、现在进行时
(1)构成形式:
Be动词+动词的ing形式
这里强调一点,两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。
(2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。
(3)句中往往有now、look、listen等词。
颜庄小店
【小学英语语法知识点汇总】1.人称代词主格: I we you she he it they宾格: me us you her him it them形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs 2.形容词和副词的比较级(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+erolder taller longer stronger, etc(2) 多音节词前+moremore interesting, etc.(3) 双写最后一个字母,再+erbigger fatter, etc.(4) 把y变i,再+erheavier, earlier(5) 不规则变化:well-better, much/many-more, etc. 3.可数词的复数形式Most nouns + s a book –booksNouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—storiesNouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watchesNouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoesNouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves 4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)bread, rice, water ,juice etc. 5. 缩略形式I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he isit’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc 6. a/ana book, a peachan egg an hour 7. Preposition:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.表示时间: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfaston Monday on 15th July On National Dayin the evening in December in winter 8. 基数词和序数词one – first two-second twenty-twentieth 9. Some /anyI have some toys in my bedroom.Do you have any brothers or sisters? 10. be 动词(1) Basic form: am/are/is(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.My eyes are(not) small.My hair is(not) long.(3)一般疑问句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 11. there be 结构肯定句: There is a …There are …一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.否定句: There isn’t …. There aren’t…. 12. 祈使句Sit down pleaseDon’t sit down, please. 13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.形式: be + verb +ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating.动词 —ing 的形式Most verbs +ing walk—walkingVerbs ending in e -e + ing come—comingShort verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming 14.一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。形式:肯定句:I go to school on foot every day.She goes to school on foot every day.一般疑问句:Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.否定句: We don’t go to school on Sundays.My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening. 15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。eg:1. I / He / She / They can sing.2.You should keep quiet in the library. 16. 一般过去时态(a) be 动词的过去式:I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。(b) 动词过去式:肯定句: I watched cartoons.She visited the zoo.一般疑问句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.否定句: They didn’t go the the part yesterday.He didn’t make model ships last week.(3)动词过去式的变化:规则动词的变化:Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studiedShort verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop --stopped不规则动词的变化:is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:/eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等 17. “Wh-” questions.What are you doing?What colour is it?What time is it? What’s the time?Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?Who’s the man with a big nose?Whose bag is it?When is your birthday?Where is my ball pen?Why do you like summer?How many books are there in the school bag?How old is the young man?How much is the toy bear?How do you go to school every day?What are you doing?What colour is it?What time is it? What’s the time?Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?Who’s the man with a big nose?Whose bag is it?When is your birthday?Where is my ball pen?Why do you like summer?How many books are there in the school bag?How old is the young man?How much is the toy bear?How do you go to school every day?
reviveanna
重点句型对作文的帮助是不言而喻的。记住这些句型,不但可以降低写作的语法错误,而且能够提升写作语言的level。因为这些句型都是判卷老师眼中的高分句型。 1. It seems that+句子 似乎/好像……It seems that he likes his new job. 他看起来很喜欢他的新工作。2. It’s +adj. (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事……It's very hard for him to study two subjects. 对他来说学两门科目是很难的。3. It takes sb. +time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人(时间/金钱)It takes me five hours to finish my homework today. 我今天花了5个小时做家庭作业。4. It’s best for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的It's best for us to have healthy eating habits.拥有健康的饮食习惯对于我们来说是最重要的。5. You’d better do sth. 你最好做某事You’d better be careful. 你最好小心一些。6. It’ time for sth. 到……的时间了It’s time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。 It’s time for lunch. 到午餐时间了。 It’s time to have lunch. 到吃午餐的时间了。7. too…to…太……而不能He is too young to carry it. 他太小了搬不动。8. so…that…如此……以致于He is so busy that he has no time to do it. 他太忙了,没有时间做这个。9. Why not +do…? 为什么不做某事呢?Why not join us? 为什么不加入我们呢?10. How about +sth./doing sth.? ……怎么样?How about going out for a walk? 出去散步怎么样?11. What about +sth./doing sth.? ……怎么样?What about having a picnic? 去野餐怎么样?12. Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗?Would you mind helping me? 你介意帮我一下吗?13. Would you please (not) do sth.? 你可以(不)做某事吗?Would you please nurse the baby for me? 你能帮我照顾小孩吗?
大实现家
小学英文要掌握的句型如下:
一、肯定句改否定句的方法 :
1、在be动词后加not。如:is not , are not , am not
2、在can,should, will等后加not。如:cannot, should not, will not;
3、上述都没有的,在动词前加助动词否定形式don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。
4、some 改成any。
如: I am a girl. → I am not a girl.
You are a student. →You are not a student.
→You aren’t a student.
This is Tom’s bag, → This is not Tom’s bag.→ This isn’t Tom’s bag.
二、肯定句改一般疑问句的方法
1、把be动词放在句首,剩下的照抄,(some 改成any,I改成you,my改成your,)句点改成问号。
2、把can,shall, will等放到句首,剩下的照抄,(some 改成any,I改成you,my改成your,)句点改成问号。
3、上述都没有的,在句首请助动词Do/Does/Did帮忙,剩下的照抄,(some 改成any,I改成you,my改成your,)句点改成问号。
注意:句首的第一个字母要大写,句尾标点应为“?”。
如:
I am in Class 6. →Are you in Class 6?
You are from America. →Are you from America?
It is an orange. →Is it an orange?
4、就一般疑问句回答
一般疑问句有两种回答,即:肯定回答和否定回答。其中,肯定回答用yes,否定回答用no。 语句顺序为:Yes + 主语 + am /is/ are/was/were.|can.|do/does/did|; No + 主语+ am not/ isn’t/ aren’t 如:
—Are you an English teacher?→Yes, I am. /No, I am not.
—Is that a bird? →Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.
三、对划线部分提问
“就划线部分提问”是小学阶段英语学习的难点,但是一旦掌握了规律,就变得容易多了。 小学英语对划线部分提问之答题口诀 :
一代:用正确的疑问词代替划线部分。
二移:把疑问词移至句首
三倒:颠倒主谓语,但对主语或其定语提问时除外(some 改成any,I改成you,my改成your),
四抄:照抄句子剩余部分。
★特殊疑问词的确定要根据划线内容而定,在小学阶段常出现的有以下几种:
1.划线部分是“事或物”,特殊疑问词用what
如:This is a book.---What is this?
I often play football on Saturdays .---What do you often do on Saturdays?
2.划线部分是“人”,特殊疑问词用who
如:He is my brother. ---Who is he ?
3、划线部分是“地点”,特殊疑问词用where
如:The box is on the desk.---Where is the box ?
4、划线部分是“时间”,特殊疑问词用what time或when
如:It's seven twenty . ---What time is it ?
I usually get up at six . --- When do you usually get up?
5、划线部分是“年龄”,特殊疑问词用how old
如:I am twelve . ---How old are you?
My father is thirty-three . ---How old is your father ?
6、划线部分是“职业”,特殊疑问词用what
如:Mike is a worker. ---What is Mike ?
7、划线部分是“颜色”,特殊疑问词用what colour
如: My hat is blue . ---What colour is your hat?
8、划线部分是“数量”,特殊疑问词用how many或how much
如:I can see five kites .---How many kites can you see ?
There is some milk in the glass. ---How much milk is there in the glass ?
9、划线部分是“多少钱”,特殊疑问词用how much
如:This pen is nine yuan . ---How much is this pen ?
10、划线部分是“形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词”,特殊疑问词用whose
如:That is my book . ---Whose book is that ?
The bag is yours. ---Whose is the bag ?
以下口诀要牢记:
1.问“谁”用who;
2.问“谁的”,用whose;
3.问“地点哪里”,用where;
4.问“原因”,用why;
5.问“身体状况”,用how;
6.问“方式”,用how;
7.问“年龄”,用how old;
8.问“多少”,用how many;
9.问"价钱”用how much;
10.问“哪一个”,用which ;
11.问“什么”,用what;
12.问“职业”,用what;
13.问“颜色”,用what colour;
14.问“星期”,用what day;
15.问什么学科,用what subject;
16.问“什么时候”,用when;
17.问几点用What’s the time?或 What time is it?
chen251791802
小学英文要掌握的句型如下:一、肯定句改否定句的方法 :1、在be动词后加not。如:is not , are not , am not2、在can,should, will等后加not。如:cannot, should not, will not;3、上述都没有的,在动词前加助动词否定形式don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。4、some 改成any。如: I am a girl. → I am not a girl.You are a student. →You are not a student.→You aren’t a student.This is Tom’s bag, → This is not Tom’s bag.→ This isn’t Tom’s bag.二、肯定句改一般疑问句的方法1、把be动词放在句首,剩下的照抄,(some 改成any,I改成you,my改成your,)句点改成问号。2、把can,shall, will等放到句首,剩下的照抄,(some 改成any,I改成you,my改成your,)句点改成问号。3、上述都没有的,在句首请助动词Do/Does/Did帮忙,剩下的照抄,(some 改成any,I改成you,my改成your,)句点改成问号。注意:句首的第一个字母要大写,句尾标点应为“?”。如:I am in Class 6. →Are you in Class 6?You are from America. →Are you from America?It is an orange. →Is it an orange?4、就一般疑问句回答一般疑问句有两种回答,即:肯定回答和否定回答。其中,肯定回答用yes,否定回答用no。 语句顺序为:Yes + 主语 + am /is/ are/was/were.|can.|do/does/did|; No + 主语+ am not/ isn’t/ aren’t 如:—Are you an English teacher?→Yes, I am. /No, I am not.—Is that a bird? →Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.三、对划线部分提问“就划线部分提问”是小学阶段英语学习的难点,但是一旦掌握了规律,就变得容易多了。 小学英语对划线部分提问之答题口诀 :一代:用正确的疑问词代替划线部分。二移:把疑问词移至句首三倒:颠倒主谓语,但对主语或其定语提问时除外(some 改成any,I改成you,my改成your),四抄:照抄句子剩余部分。★特殊疑问词的确定要根据划线内容而定,在小学阶段常出现的有以下几种:1.划线部分是“事或物”,特殊疑问词用what如:This is a book.---What is this?I often play football on Saturdays .---What do you often do on Saturdays?2.划线部分是“人”,特殊疑问词用who如:He is my brother. ---Who is he ?3、划线部分是“地点”,特殊疑问词用where如:The box is on the desk.---Where is the box ?4、划线部分是“时间”,特殊疑问词用what time或when如:It's seven twenty . ---What time is it ?I usually get up at six . --- When do you usually get up?5、划线部分是“年龄”,特殊疑问词用how old如:I am twelve . ---How old are you?My father is thirty-three . ---How old is your father ?6、划线部分是“职业”,特殊疑问词用what如:Mike is a worker. ---What is Mike ?7、划线部分是“颜色”,特殊疑问词用what colour如: My hat is blue . ---What colour is your hat?8、划线部分是“数量”,特殊疑问词用how many或how much如:I can see five kites .---How many kites can you see ?There is some milk in the glass. ---How much milk is there in the glass ?9、划线部分是“多少钱”,特殊疑问词用how much如:This pen is nine yuan . ---How much is this pen ?10、划线部分是“形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词”,特殊疑问词用whose如:That is my book . ---Whose book is that ?The bag is yours. ---Whose is the bag ?以下口诀要牢记:1.问“谁”用who;2.问“谁的”,用whose;3.问“地点哪里”,用where;4.问“原因”,用why;5.问“身体状况”,用how;6.问“方式”,用how;7.问“年龄”,用how old;8.问“多少”,用how many;9.问"价钱”用how much;10.问“哪一个”,用which ;11.问“什么”,用what;12.问“职业”,用what;13.问“颜色”,用what colour;14.问“星期”,用what day;15.问什么学科,用what subject;16.问“什么时候”,用when;17.问几点用What’s the time?或 What time is it?
小巴布2016
小学英语语法总结一、there be句型:表示存在,即:“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为:There is(are)+ 可数名词单数或不可数名词/复数+时间或地点。如:1. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.2. Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is.二、 to be句型:用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等,描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等:1. Who’s your English teacher? Miss White. 2. Is she quiet? No, she isn’t. She is very active. 三、 一般现在时句型:表示习惯性的动作或行为,或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为:主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时,要在动词原形后面加s或es,其他人称作主语时则用动词原形,在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do或does。这种句型通常有一些标志词,如:usually often sometimes never always等。如:1. What do you have on Thursdays? We have English, math and science on Thursdays. 2. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays.3. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.4 Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football.四、现在进行时句型:表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件,或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是:now 也常用在Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为:be动词(am, is, are)+动词现在分词(v. ing)。如:1. What are you doing? I’m doing the dishes. 2. Is she counting insects? No, she isn’t.五、 一般过去时句型:表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为:主语+动词过去式+其他。标志词通常是:yesterday, last week , last year 等,在问句与否定句中要用助动词did。如:1.What did you do last weekend? I played football.2. Did you help them clean their room? Yes, I did.此外,一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如:What would you like for lunch? I’d like some… 六、 情态动词can引导的句型:表示有能力做某事,can后面的动词要用原形。如:1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor. 2. I can water the flowers. 3. How can I get to the People’s Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus.七、 将来时:我们的教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型,即:will和be going to句型,主要以be going to句型为主,表示将要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要结构:am/is/are + going to + v.原形。标志词有:tomorrow next weekend this morning this weekend next…be going to1. What are you going to do this weekend? I am going to visit my parents.2. When is she going to Paris? She is going to go there at 9:00 am.
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