官员英文副词

你去书店看看吧，那里有那些关于formal方面的词汇书卖的，例如你买一些官方语言和商务英语之类的书来看，因为那些都是formal语言来的！那么除了那些之外，就是informal啦！

去这里看看，一些formal和informal词/词组的例子还有一般写信，essay时，不能简写，比如 “I don't....”这种是informal的

正式语言与非正式语言、口语与书面语的区别 1. 从词汇选择来看语体的区别 A. 名词 (a) 抽象名词作主语 抽象名词作主语多见于书面体、正式用语,如: The success of the book brought him tremendous popularity. (very formal) The book was highly successful and made him a very popular writer. (colloquial) (b) 以表示事物的名词作为通常属于人的行为、动作的主体时,常见于书面体；在口语体中,一般采用较朴实的说法(如:把书面体中的动词改为意义相近的其他动词,或改为以人为主语)。如: His knowledge is insufficient to enable him to complete this task. (formal) He is not competent enough to do this job. (colloquial) The manufacture of these goods is acquiring importance as an industry. (formal) The manufacture of these goods is becoming an important industry. (colloquial) (c) 有重复主语的句子 有重复主语的句子一般只用于日常用语,不用于正式场合,如: Jim and I took the long road. (for-mal)Jim and I, we took the long road. (informal) (d) 以there为开首的句子,主语与谓语在数上一致的是正式语言,不一致的是非正式语言。 There are a group of children ready to sing songs. (formal) There is a group of children ready to sing songs. (informal) (e) 所有格 The hood of the car is insulated. (formal) The car’s hood is insulated. (informal) (f) 缩略语与全称 正式语言常用全称,非正式语言常用缩略语。虽然在正式语言中用缩略语的情况越来越多,但在非正式语言中缩略语用得更多,如:TV, VOA, BBC, VIP, etc. 当然在一些个别场合,书面语中可用缩略语,而口语中不使用。 (g) 关于单复数 在泛指时,用复数偏通俗化,用the加单数比较文气,如:The cow is a useful animal. (a little literary) Cows are useful animals. (a little vulgar) B. 形容词 口语体中所用的形容词往往是人们最常用的形容词,这些形容词往往一词多义；而书面体中所用的形容词则往往不那么常用,这些形容词的含义往往不如口语体中所用的形容词的含义那么广泛,但其含义却往往具体、有特殊性。C. 副词 与形容词同形的英文副词往往用于口语,但诗歌中有时也用这种形式。然而,这些词却很少用于其他方面的正式用语。如: Work slowly and steadily. (formal) Work slow and steady. (informal) D. 介词 在一些状语或定语中,省略介词的属于口语,保留介词的属于书面语。如: It happened the day he did the experiment. (informal) It happened on the day on which he did the experiment. (formal) I’ll come in the following spring. (formal) I’ll come the following spring. (colloquial E. 代词 (a) 口语中多省略作主语的代词。如:Haven’t seen you for ages! (informal)(b) 关于mine, his, yours, ours当mine, his, yours, ours等物主代词作宾语或表语时,可用于书面语,也可用于口语。但如果这种物主代词(或名词所有格)作主语放在句首,并暗指表语名词所用的概念,那就是一种比较文雅的说法了。如: His (or Mr. Li’s) is a noble character. 在日常口语中一般这么用:His (or Mr. Li’s) character is a noble one. / He has a noble character.但下面这类句子对书面语和口语都适用:Your teacher and mine are talking in the room.(c) we, I在一些正式场合,作者或演讲人为了表示谦虚,往往避免用I,而用we代替。如:As we showed a moment ago ... (formal) As I said a moment ago ... (not so formal)(d) you, we用we代替you是一种表示客气的语言。如:Don’t worry about your shoes! (imperative) Why don’t we not worry about your shoes, OK ? (polite)(e) you, one在翻译中文"任何人"、"谁都"等时,译成one为formal language,译成you为informal language。如: One must love one’s country. (formal) You must love your country. (informal) (f) 关于I, me, he, him, etc. He says she saw you and me. (formal) He says she saw you and I. (informal) F. 动名词 在书面语中,一般用物主代词或名词所有格来修饰动名词短语,以表示行为者。如: Mr. Li dislikes Zhang Hui’s coming home late. There will be little chance of my visiting the place again. Li Wen’s falling ill suddenly gave me a surprise. 口语中一般以代词的宾格或名词普通格加分词、for加宾语加不定式、从句、独立句等方式表达。如:Mr. Li dislikes Zhang Hui coming home late. There will be little chance for me to visit the place again. Li Wen fell ill suddenly. This gave me a surprise. G. 关于缩写 用缩写形式多为非正式语言,而用非缩写形式多为正式语言,如:do not, we are, I am, I have, there is, cannot, will not等多见于正式语言,而don’t, we’re, I’m, I’ve, there’s, can’t, won’t多见于非正式语言。exam, bike等多用于口语,examination, bicycle等多用于书面语。oh, dear, why, well等是口语中常见的感叹词。 2. 从句法来看语体的区别 A. 修饰语 在书面文字中,修饰语可以与中心词相隔较远,修饰语也可以较长,而在口语中则相反。如: There exist complex computations in science and engineering which people are unable to make. (written) There are complex computations in science and engineering, and people are unable to make those computations. (colloquial) B. 句子的长短 一般来说,书面语句子较长,口语句子较短。 (a) 议论文、商业或法律公文等书面语不仅常用较长的修饰语,而且有时用较长的插入语,甚至插入语中还有插入语。但在一般的口语中则不用较长的插入语。常用的较短插入语有:of course, for example, I believe, I think, you see, you know, to be frank, etc. (b) 在书面语中,一个句子有时有好几个关系代词；而口语中关系代词则用的极少,往往被分成几个简单句。如:These needles, which were made of fish-shaped pieces of iron that floated on water, were acted on by the earth’s magnetic field. (formal) These needles were made of fish-shaped pieces of iron that floated on water. They were acted on by the earth’s magnetic field. (informal) C. 关于时态 在现在的口语中,有时用过去时代替现在完成时。如:—Is anybody using this chair? —No. I saved it for you. 在口语中常用现在时代替将来时。如: She is coming tomorrow. 在口语中有时用一般现在时说明一个已经发生了的动作。如: He says it is very important. D. 虚拟语气 (a)不够熟悉的人之间对话,或在正式场合演讲、对话时,一般用虚拟语气来陈述自己的看法、提出请求或邀请、提出建议或劝告、提出问题。如: If Mr. Wang was here now, he would tell you about it. (informal) If Mr. Wang were here now, he would tell you about it. (formal) (b) 有一些表示主观愿望和情绪的形容词,如desirous等要求后面的状语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气,这种结构主要用于书面语中,口语中往往用不定式来代替这种从句。如: He was anxious that we should stay for dinner. (formal) He was anxious to have us stay for dinner. (informal) E. 语序 在书面语中,为了使句子平衡对称,或为了表示强调,常把状语、表语、宾语等成分放在句首,并将主谓次序颠倒过来；而口语体则一般用自然语序。 F. 关于省略 (a) 在正式文字或正式场合的对话中,一般要用完整的句子。在口语中用省略句较多,主要是为了节省时间,使对话自然、生动、简洁、有力。如:Where to go now? Why not do it this way? (b) 在正式语言中,所省略的部分一般都是前边出现过的。如:He had finished the work and gone home. (c) 关系代词在限定性定语从句中做谓语动词宾语或介词宾语时,在口语中一般省去。如: The girl you spoke to just now is my sister. (d) 宾语从句前的that在口语中往往省去,表语后面的从句之前的that在口语中也常省去。如: He said he would go to London. I’m afraid he is right. G. 主谓语的一致性 在有些情况下,非正式语言中常按意思决定动词的单复数,所以主语和谓语在数上可能不一致。如: Neither he nor his wife have arrived. (informal) Neither he nor his wife has arrived. (formal)这些就是把所有正式与非正式英语的区别列出来了。

obeyvt.顺从vi.服从objectn.物，物体；目的objectvi.反对；抱反感objectionn.反对，异议；不喜欢objectivea.客观的；无偏见的obligevt.迫使；施恩惠于observationn.注意；观察；观察力observevt.遵守；看到；说observern.观察员，观测者obstaclen.障碍，障碍物，妨害obtainvt.获得，得到，买到obviousa.明显的，显而易见的obviouslyad.明显地，显然地occasionn.场合，时刻；时机occasionala.偶然的；临时的occasionallyad.偶然；非经常地occupationn.占领，占据；职业occupyvt.占领；占，占有occurvi.发生；出现，存在occurrencen.发生，出现；事件oceann.海洋；洋Oceanian.大洋洲o'clockad.…点钟Octobern.十月odda.奇数的；单只的odourn.气味，香气；味道ofprep.…的；由于offad.(离)开；(停)止offendvt.冒犯vi.犯过错offervt.提供；提出n.提供officen.办公室；处，局，社officern.官员；干事；军官officiala.官员的；官方的oftenad.经常，常常ohint.嗬，哦，唉呀oiln.油；石油vt.加油于okay(缩作OK)a.&ad.对，好olda.老的；…岁的omitvt.省略，省去；遗漏onprep.在…上；在…旁oncead.一次；曾经n.一次onenum.一pron.一个人oneselfpron.自己；亲自onionn.洋葱，洋葱头onlyad.只，仅仅a.唯一的ontoprep.到…上opena.开的；开放的vt.开openinga.开始的n.开始operan.歌剧operatevi.操作；施行手术operationn.操作；手术；运算operationala.操作上的；可使用的operatorn.操作人员，接线员opinionn.意见，看法，主张opponentn.对手，敌手；对抗者opportunityn.机会，良机opposevt.反对；反抗oppositea.对面的n.对立物oppressvt.压迫，压制；压抑opticala.眼的；光学的optimistica.乐观的；乐观主义的optionn.选择，选择权optionala.可以任意选择的orconj.或，或者；即orala.口头的；口的orangen.橙(树)；柑(树)orbitn.运行轨道vt.环绕orchestran.管弦乐队ordern.次序；整齐vt.命令orderlya.整洁的；有秩序的ordinarya.平常的；平凡的oren.矿，矿石，矿砂organn.器官；机构；管风琴organica.有机体的；器官的organismn.生物体；有机体organizationn.组织；团体，机构organizevt.组织，编组orientala.东方的；东方国家的originn.起源，由来；出身originala.最初的；新颖的ornamentn.装饰物；装饰orphann.孤儿othera.另外的；其余的otherwisead.另外；要不然oughtv.aux.应当，应该ouncen.盎司，英两ourpron.我们的ourspron.我们的ourselvespron.我们自己outad.出，在外；现出来outcomen.结果，后果，成果outdoora.户外的，室外的outdoorsad.在户外，在野外outera.外部的，外面的outletn.出口，出路；排遣outlinen.轮廓；略图；大纲outlookn.观点，看法；展望outputn.产量；输出量；输出outsetn.开始，开端outsiden.外部；外表a.外部的outskirtn.外边，郊区outstandinga.突出的出的outwarda.外面的；向外的outwardsad.向外，往海外ovenn.炉，灶；烘箱overprep.在…上方；超过overalln.工装裤a.全面的overcoatn.外衣，大衣overcomevt.战胜，克服overheada.在头顶上的；架空的overlookvt.眺望；看漏；放任overnightad.一夜；突然overseasad.海外a.在海外的overtakevt.追上，赶上；压倒overtimea.超时的，加班的owevt.欠；应把…归功于owln.猫头鹰，枭owna.自己的vt.有，拥有ownern.物主，所有人ownershipn.所有(权)，所有制oxn.牛；公牛，阉牛

名词形容词副词哪儿有过去式……