大饼茄夹
I. 翻译的原则：准确、通顺、完整 Ⅱ.翻译步骤： 逐字翻译 词语调整（词本无意，意由境生） 顺序调整 Ⅲ.长难句翻译“三步法” 拆：连词、关系词、标点符 译： 合：按意思逐层组合成理解通顺的汉语译文 我买了好几套真题卷，每套的翻译参考答案都有些不同，这再次说明像翻译这样的主观题没有标答。我们写真题时只要抓住准确、通顺的原则就好。用“信、达、雅”的标准看只需要做到信（忠实原文）、达（通顺，即符合汉语表达习惯）。 为了做到准确完整，可以先逐字翻译（就是原文字字对译） 为了做到通顺，根据全文语篇来词语调整、顺序调整。 翻译课上大家学的句子分析，有两个目的：1.为了看懂的意思（这一点我们考英语二的同学不用害怕，150词的小短文中真正很难的复杂句最多就1-2句）2.知道如何来语序调整，比如大家常说的定语从句前置、后置，被动语态进行不要出现“被”字。 看书听课了解这些常见的翻译处理方法只是第一步有awareness，最后还要落实到“亲自动手写”上，不然容易漏掉很多细节。 2012年真题 ①When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. ②These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates. ③Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing counting are particularly likely to emigrants. ④A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. ⑤This "brain drain" has long bothered policymakers in poor counties. ⑥They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospital and come up with clever new product for their factories to make. 逐字翻译： ①当人们在发展中国家担心移民的时候，他们通常担心的是这个前景 他们最好的和前途最光明的离开去硅谷或医院和大学在发达国家。 ②这些是这种工人 国家像英国、加拿大和澳大利亚试图吸引 通过使用移民规定 给予特权大学毕业生。 ③许多研究表明受过良好教育的人来自发展中国家尤其有可能移民。 ④一个大型调查 印度家庭 在2004年表明接近40%的移民有多于一个高中教育，相比较 大约3.3%的全部印度人 超过25岁。 ⑤这种“人才流失”已经长期困扰政策制定者在贫穷国家。 ⑥他们担心 它会伤害他们的经济，使他们失去急需的熟练工人 谁本能够教书在他们的大学、工作在医院并提出聪明的新产品为了他们的工厂来生产。 词语、顺序调整： ①发展中国家的人们担心移民（问题）时，他们通常担心的是这种情形：他们（国家）最好的和最有前途的（人才）会离开去硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学。 ②这些人正是英国、加拿大和澳大利等国家试图通过使用移民条例来吸引的一类人才，这些移民条例可以给予大学毕业生优惠对待。 ③许多研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人尤其可能移民。 ④在2004年一项关于印度家庭的大型调查表明，接近40%的移民受过高中以上的教育，然而相比之下，25岁以上的印度人中受过高中以上教育的大约为3.3%。 ⑤这种“人才流失”（现象）已经长期困扰着贫穷国家的决策者。 ⑥他们担心这会伤害他们（国家）的经济，使他们失去急需的熟练工人，而这些人本可以在他们的大学任教、医院工作或者研发出新的智能产品以供工厂生产。 参考答案1： ①当发展中国家的人们担心移民问题时，他们通常忧虑的是自己国家最优秀、最聪明的人才可能移民到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学这样的地方工作。 ②这类工作者正是英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国家想要通过对大学毕业生提供优惠的移民条例来吸引的人才。 ③许多研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人尤其可能移民。 ④2004年对印度家庭的一项大规模调查表明，将近40%移居国外的人受过高中以上教育，而与之形成对比的是：全印度25岁以上受过高中以上教育的人约为3.3%。 ⑤这种“人才流失”现象长期困扰着贫困国家的决策者。 ⑥他们担心这会损害本国经济，使他们失去急需的熟练劳动者，这些人本可以留在国内在大学任教、在医院工作或设计新奇产品供工厂生产。 参考答案2： 当发展中国家的人们担心移民问题时，他们通常担忧的是本国最优秀、最有前途的人会不会前往硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学发展。 这些人正是英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国试图通道优待大学毕生的移民规定来吸引的人才。 许多研究发现，发展中国家受过良好教育的人移民的可能性尤其大。 2004年，一项针对印度家庭的大规模调查发现，近40%的移民接受过高中以上的教育，而与之形成对比的是，25岁以上受过高中以上教育的印度人的比例约为3.3%。 这种“人才流失”现象一直困扰着贫穷国家的决策者们。 他们担心这会损害本国经济，使他们失去大量急需的技术工人，这些人才本可以在国内的大学教书，在国内的医院工作，或为本国工厂研发新的智能产品。 复习单词： 1.migration n.移民—migrate，migrant；immigrate；emigrate 2.privilege v.给予特权 3.drain v.排水 n.排水管；brain ~人才流失 4.deprive v.剥夺，使失去 ；~ sb of sth 5.be concerned at担忧，担心 6.the prospect of... 什么的可能性
怀疑本身
一、太过肯定或太过否定的表达 考研英语 阅读选用的是西方核心报刊杂志的学术性议论文，因为学术性这一性质，文章表达的内容都相对客观以及理性，不会出现有失偏颇的观点，即不会太过，肯定也不会太过否定，万事留有余地。所以，当选项当中出现太过于肯定或者太过于否定的表达，如果文章当中没有明确表明的话，大概率是一个错误选项。 举例：(2018年英语二text4) Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you reprioritize your day – in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day. While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results. 37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that . A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goals B. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected C. distractions may actually increase efficiency D. daily schedules are indispensable to studying 解析：该题根据第二段第一句，可得出正确答案为B。错误选项中，D选项意为：日常计划对于学习而言不可或缺。其中“不可或缺”这一表意太过绝对，大概率可判断为错误选项。 二、偷换概念(偷换中心词) 阅读当中错误选项还有一个特点，就是喜欢偷换概念。之前我们讲过偷换概念的一种形式，就是扩大表述范围。但这次讲的偷换概念，指的是偷换中心词。比如，原文中表述：小明喜欢吃草莓味的饼干。此时某个选项中就可能表述为：小明喜欢吃草莓味的糖果。虽然都是草莓味，但是中心词已经由饼干变成了糖果，这是完全不一样的。 举例：(2012年英语一text4) Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones. As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too. 39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions [A]often run against the current political system. [B]can change people’s political attitudes. [C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms. [D]are dominant in the government. 解析：该题由第一段第一句以及第二段第一句可知，正确答案为C。而错误选项中，A、B都为偷换概念。原文中二段首句中出现了politician政客，而A、B中分别出现了political system政治体系、political attitudes政治态度，三者都与政治有关，但是中心词却分别为人、体系、态度，截然不同。 三、“interest” 这一词表示的是“兴趣”，偶尔会出现在选项当中，近几年来出现该单词的选项，都是一个错误选项。因为兴趣代表着人的主观判断，主观性是比较强的，如果文中没有明确表示某人对某事物是否有兴趣，则该选项就会变成主观臆断。命题人利用的就是看不懂文章的同学的猜测心理，让同学们想“他应该是对这个事物有兴趣吧?”而其实文章并没有明确表示。 举例：(2013年英语一text1) Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to. 24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? [A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists. [B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability. [C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments. [D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing. 解析：该题由该段末句可知，正确答案为D。错误选项中，C选项意为：人们对买不起的衣服更感兴趣，而原文中并没有提及人们是否对此感兴趣，因此该选项为主观臆断。 (2013年英语一text3) Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future. 33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? [A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies. [B] Technology offers solutions to social problem. [C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise. [D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive. 解析：该题由首句可知，正确答案为D。错误选项中，选项C意为：(人们)对科幻小说的兴趣正在上升。而原文中并没有提及人们是否对此感兴趣，因此该选项为主观臆断。 这些特征仅仅是通过多年试题情况的大数据而言，并不是今后出现该特征的选项一定是错误选项，而是可以让同学们把这些特征作为看不懂文章时排除选项的下下策，希望能对同学们有所帮助。
