垫环英文

导致针式节流阀失效的主要原因有：整体式阀杆的阀芯头硬度不够、存在原始裂纹以及原始裂纹在交变载荷作用下的扩张，外力作用使阀杆头挤裂，最终导致阀杆头部失效；对于镶硬质合金阀芯头结构的阀杆，由于阀芯头与阀杆连接的焊接工艺达不到要求，焊接处易脱落或硬质合金阀芯头脆裂，节流通道易堵死。为此，在分析节流阀阀杆机理的基础上，提出相应的改进措施，研究了新的节流阀阀杆。节流阀阀杆采取整体喷焊后，阀杆寿命提高2．5～3倍，彻底杜绝了阀芯头脱落现象，提高了节流阀节流的可靠性。Impact throttle valve failure caused the main reasons are: the overall first-stem of the valve core hardness enough, and the existence of the original crack crack in the original alternating loads of expansion, forcing the first to stem crowded split, which eventually led valve Failure at the head; Carbide spool set for the first structure of stem, spool valve rod connected to the first and welding technology达不到要求, welding or the easy shedding Carbide spool head of brittle fracture, flow Festival Road easily blocked. Therefore, in the analysis of the mechanism of the throttle valve stem on the basis of the corresponding measures for improving the throttle of a new stem. Throttle valve stem to the overall spray, stem lifespan of 2.5 to 3 times that of the complete elimination of the spool first shedding phenomenon, improve the reliability of the throttle expenditure.管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe 管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube 钢管 steel pipe 铸铁管 cast iron pipe 衬里管 lined pipe 复合管 clad pipe 碳钢管 carbon steel pipe 合金钢管 alloy steel pipe 不锈钢 stainless steel pipe 奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe 无缝钢管 seamless (SMLS) steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe 电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance welded steel pipe 电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 热轧无缝钢管 hot-rolling seamless pipe 冷拔无缝钢管 cold-drawing seamless pipe 水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡胶管 rubber tube 直管 run pipe; straight pipe 1.2 管件 Fitting 弯头 elbow 异径弯头 reducing elbow 带支座弯头 base elbow k半径弯头 long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radius elbow 长半径180°弯头 long radius return 短半径180°弯头 short radius return 带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向） side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 双支管弯头（ 形） double branch elbow 三通 tee 异径三通 reducing tee 等径三通 straight tee 带侧向口的三通（右向或左向） side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand) 异径三通（分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on outlet) 异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run) 带支座三通 base tee 异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet) 异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式） reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head) 45°斜三通 45° lateral 45°斜三通（支管为异径） 45° lateral (reducing on branch) 45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run) 45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch) Y型三通（俗称裤衩） true “Y” 四通 cross 等径四通 straight cross 异径四通 reducing cross 异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet) 异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet) 异径四通（两个分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on both outlet) 异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet) 异径管 reducer 同心异径管 concentric reducer 偏心异径管 eccentric reducer 锻制异径管 reducing swage 螺纹支管台 threadolet 焊接支管台 weldolet 承插支管台 sockolet 弯头支管台 elbolet 斜接支管台 latrolet 镶入式支管嘴 sweepolet 短管支管台 nipolet 支管台，插入式支管台 boss 管接头 coupling, full coupling 半管接头 half coupling 异径管接头 reducing coupling 活接头 union 内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯） bushing 管帽 cap (C) 堵头 plug 短节 nipple 异径短节 reducing nipple; swage nipple 1.3 弯管 Bend 预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend 跨越弯管（^ 形） cross-over bend 偏置弯管（~ 形） offset bend 90°弯管 quarter bend 环形弯管 cirele bend 单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形） single offset quarter bend S形弯管 “S” bend 单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形） single offset “U” bend U形弯管 “U” bend 双偏置U膨胀弯管 double offset expansion “U” bend 斜接弯管 mitre bend 三节斜接弯管 3-piece mitre bend 折皱弯管 corrugated bend 圆度 roundness 1.4 法兰 Flange (FLG） 整体管法兰 integral pipe flange 钢管法兰 steel pipe flange 螺纹法兰 threaded flange 滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰） slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰 socket welding flange 松套法兰 lap joint flange (LJF) 对焊法兰 welding neckflange (WNF) 法兰盖 blind flange, blind 孔板法兰 orifice flange 异径法兰 reducing flange 盘座式法兰 pad type flange 松套带颈法兰 loose hubbed flange 焊接板式法兰 welding plate flange 对焊环 welding neck collar （与stub end相似） 平焊环 welding-on collar 突缘短节 stub end, lap 翻边端 lapped pipe end 松套板式法兰 loose plate flange 压力级 pressure rating, pressure rating class 压力—温度等级 pressure-temperature rating 法兰密封面，法兰面 flange facing 突面 raised face (RF) 凸面 male face (MF) 凹面 female face (FMF) 榫面 tongue face 槽面 groove face 环连接面 ring joint face 全平面；满平面 flat face; full face (FF) 光滑突面 smooth raised face (SRF) 法兰面加工 facing finish 粗糙度 roughness 光滑的 smooth 齿形 serrated 均方根 root mean square (RMS) 算术平均粗糙高度 arithmetical average roughness height (AARH) 配对法兰 companion-flange 螺栓圆 bolt circle (B.C.) 1.5 垫片 Gasket (GSKT) 垫片的型式 type of gasket 平垫片 flat gasket 环形平垫片 flat ring gasket 平金属垫片 flat metal gasket 夹棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with cotton fabric insertion 夹石棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion 夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement 无石墨压缩白石棉垫片 non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket 天然白橡胶垫片 natural white rubber gasket 压缩石棉垫片 compressed asbestos class gasket 浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片 PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket 夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片 spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler 内环 inner ring 外环，外定位环 outer ring 波纹金属垫片 corrugated metal gasket 波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片 corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted 双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片 corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket 双夹套垫片 double jacketed gasket 金属包石棉平垫片 flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket 整体金属齿形垫片 solid metal serrated gasket 槽形金属垫片 grooved metal gasket 环形连接金属垫片 ring joint metal gasket 八角环形垫片 octagonal ring gasket 椭圆环形垫片 oval ring gasket 透镜式垫片 lens gasket 非金属垫片 non-metallic gasket 1.6 阀门 Valve 1.6.1 阀门结构、零件 阀轭 yoke 外螺纹阀杆及阀轭 outside screw and yoke (OS & Y) 阀杆 stem 内螺纹 inside screw (IS) 阀轭套 yoke sleeve 阀杆环 stem ring 阀座 valve seat (body seat) 阀座环、密封圈 seat ring 整体（阀）座 integral seat 堆焊（阀）座 deposited seat 阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件） trim 阀盘 disc 阀盘密封圈 disc seat 阀体 body 阀盖 bonnet 阀盖衬套 bonnet bush 螺纹阀帽 screw cap 螺纹阀盖 screw bonnet 螺栓连接的阀盖 bolted bonnet (BB) 活接阀盖（帽） union bonnet (cap) 螺栓连接的阀帽 bolted cap (BC) 焊接阀盖 welded bonnet (WB) 本体阀杆密封 body stem seal 石棉安全密封 asbestos emenen seal 倒密封 back seal 压力密封的阀盖 pressure-tight bonnet 动力操纵器 powered operator 电动操纵器 electric motor operator 气动操纵器 pneumatic operator 液压操纵器 hydraulic operator 快速操纵器 quick-acting operator 滑动阀杆 sliding stem 正齿轮传动 spur gear operated 伞齿轮传动 bevel gear operated 扳手操作 wrench operated 链轮 chain wheel 手轮 hand wheel 手柄 hand lever (handle) 气缸（或液压缸）操纵的 cylinder operated 链条操纵的 chain operated 等径孔道 full bore; full port 异径孔道 reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型 short pattern 紧凑型（小型） compact type 笼式环 lantern ring 压盖 gland 阀杆填料 stem packing 阀盖垫片 bonnet gasket 升杆式（明杆） rising stem (RS) 非升杆式（暗杆） non-rising stem (NRS) 指示器/限位器 indicator/stopper 注油器 grease injector 可更换的阀座环 renewable seat ring 1.6.2 常用阀 (1）闸阀 gate valve 平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat 开口楔形闸板 split wedge 挠性整体楔形闸扳 flexible solid wedge 整体楔形闸板 solid wedge 塞型闸阀 plug gate valve 直通型闸阀 through conduit gate valve (2) 截止阀 globe valve 球心型阀盘 globe type disc 塞型阀盘 plug type disc 可转动的阀盘 swivel disc (3) 节流闪阀 throttle valve 针阀 needle valve (4) 角阀 angle valve (5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀） Y-valve (Y-body globe valve) (6) 球阀 ball valve 三通球阀 3-way ball valve 装有底轴的 trunnion mounted 耐火型 fire safe type 浮动球型 floating ball type 防脱出阀杆 blowout proof stem (7) 蝶阀 butterfly valve 对夹式（薄片型） wafer type 凸耳式 lug type 偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve 连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve 8) 柱塞阀 piston type valve (9) 旋塞阀 plug valve 三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve 四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve 旋塞 cock 衬套旋塞 sleeve cock (10) 隔膜阀 diaphragm valve 橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve 堰式隔膜阀 weir diaphragm valve (11) 夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等） (12) 止回阀 check valve 升降式止回阀 lift check valve 旋启式止回阀 swing check valve, flap check valve 落球式止回阀 ball check valve 弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve 双板对夹式止回阀 dual plate wafer type check valve 无撞击声止回阀 non-slam cheek valve 底阀 foot valve 切断式止回阀 stop check valve; non-return valve 活塞式止回阀 piston check valve 斜翻盘止回阀 tilting disc check valve 蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve 1.6.3 其它用途的阀 安全泄气阀 safety valve (SV) 安全泄液阀 relief valve (RV) 安全泄压阀 safety relief valve 杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type 引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀 pilot operated safety valve 复式安全泄气阀 twin type safety valve 罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve 电磁阀 solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve 电动阀 electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve 气动阀 pneumatic operated valve 低温用阀 cryogenic service valve 蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap 机械式疏水阎 mechanical trap 浮桶式疏水阀 open bucket trap, open top bucket trap 浮球式疏水阀 float trap 倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap 自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap 恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap 金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 metal expansion steam trap 液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 liquid expansion steam trap 双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 bimetallic expansion steam trap 压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap 脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap 放气阀（自动放气阀） air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用） 平板式滑动闸阀 slab type sliding gate valve 盖阀 flat valve 换向阀 diverting valve, reversing valve 热膨胀阀 thermo expansion valve 自动关闭阀 self-closing gate valve 自动排液阀 self-draining valve 管道盲板阀 line-blind valve 挤压阀 squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等） 呼吸阀 breather valve 风门、挡板 damper 减压阀 pressure reducing valve, reducing valve 控制阀 control valve 膜式控制阀 diaphragm operated control valve 执行机构 actuator 背压调节阀 back pressure regulating valve 差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve 压力比例调节阀 pressure ratio regulating valve 1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀 切断阀 block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve 调节阀 regulating valve 快开阀 quick opening valve 快闭阀 quick closing valve 隔断阀 isolating valve 三通阀 three way valve 夹套阔 jacketed valve 非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve 排污阀 blowdown valve 集液排放阀 drip valve 排液阀 drain valve 放空阀 vent valve 卸载阀 unloading valve 排出阀 discharge valve 吸入阀 suction valve 多通路阀 multiport valve 取样阀 sampling valve 手动阀 hand-operated valve; manually operated valve 锻造阀 forged valve 铸造阀 cast valve （水）龙头 bibb; bib; faucet 抽出液阀（小阀） bleed valve 旁路阀 by-pass valve 软管阀 hose valve 混合阀 mixing valve 破真空阀 vacuum breaker 冲洗阀 flush valve 第一道阀；根部阀 primary valve 根部阀 root valve 总管阀 header valve 事故切断阀 emergency valve 1.7 管道特殊件 Piping Specialty 1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件） 粗滤器 strainer 过滤器 filter 临时粗滤器（锥型） temporary strainer (cone type) y 型粗滤器 y-type strainer T型粗滤器 T-type strainer 永久过滤器 permanent filter 丝网粗滤器 gauze strainer 洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass 阻火器 flame arrester 喷嘴；喷头 spray nozzle 取样冷却器 sample cooler 消声器 silencer 膨胀节 expansion joint 波纹膨胀节 bellow expansion joint 单波 single bellow 双波 double bellow 多波 multiple bellow 压力平衡式膨胀节 pressure balanced expansion 带铰链膨胀节 hinged expansion joint 轴向位移型膨胀节 axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节 tied expansion joint 万向型膨胀节 universal type expansion joint 球形补偿器 ball type expansion joint 填函式补偿器 slip type (packed type) expansion joint 单向滑动填料函补偿器 single actionpacked slip joint 1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element 软管接头 hose connection (HC) 快速接头 quick coupling 金属软管 metal hose 橡胶管 rubber hose 挠性管 flexible tube 鞍形补强板 reinforcing saddles 补强板 reinforcement pad 特殊法兰 special flange 漏斗 funnel 排液环 drip ring 排液漏斗 drain funnel 插板 blank 垫环 spacer 8字盲板 spectacle blind; figure 8 blind 限流孔板 restriction orifice 爆破片 rupture disk 法兰盖贴面 protective disc 费托立克接头 victaulic coupling 1.8 端部连接 End Connection 法兰端 flanged end 坡口端 beveled end (BE) 对焊端 butt welded end 平端 plain end (PE) 承插焊端 socket welding end 螺纹端 threaded end (TE) 承口 bell end 焊接端 welding end 法兰连接（接头） flanged joint 对焊连接（接头） butt welded joint 螺纹连接，管螺纹连接 threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接 seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头） socket welded joint 承插连接（接头） bell and spigot joint 环垫接头 ring joint (RJ) 万向接头 universal joint 软钎焊连接（接头） soldered joint 搭接接头，松套连接 lapped joint 外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for outside thickncss 内侧厚度切斜角 bevel for inside thickness 内外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for combined thickness 法兰式的 flanged (FLGD) 对焊的 butt welded (BW) 螺纹的 threaded (THD) 承插焊的 socket welded (SW) 小端为平的 small end plain (SEP) 大端为平的 large end plain (LEP) 两端平 both ends plain (BEP) 小端带螺纹 small end thread (SET) 大端带螺纹 large end thread (LET) 两端带螺纹 both end thread (BET) 一端带螺纹 one end thread (OET) 支管连接 branch connection 焊接支管 branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe

缓冲胶块=damper rubber, cushioncollar缓冲套，衬环grommet; backing ring; bush ring; bushingring...目前只能帮到你这么多

缓冲胶块英文是：Buffer glue piece of缓冲套英文是：Buffer set衬环英文是：Lining rings铸铁嵌件：Embedded a cast iron涂装油漆：Coating paintchoke level ,damper rubber,gear pedal ,winker switch ,sprocket sitting ,shassis oil ,clutch fiber,complete exhaust,block gasket,complete gasket ,side gasket,top gasket,kick sprocket的中文是：“掐水平、阻尼器橡胶、齿轮、链轮踏板,winker开关坐着,shassis油、离合器、完整的废气、块纤维垫圈,垫圈,垫圈,一边完成前垫圈,踢链轮”