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英语语法基础知识点汇总

学好语法是学好英语的关键,下面我整理了英语语法基础知识点,希望对大家有帮助!

1现在进行时

表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作,常与now,listen,look等词连用,结构是主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing。

如:It is raining now。

外面正在下雨

It is six o'clock now。

现在6点了

My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room。

我父母正在客厅看报纸

Look! The children are having a running race now。

看!孩子们正在赛跑

问句将be动词移前,否定句在be动词后+not。

2一般现在时

表示经常反复发生的事情或动作,常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year…) on Sundays等词连用。

结构是主语+动词原形;当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时,动词后加s或es。

如:We have an English lesson every day。

我们每天都要上英语课

Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do。

男孩比女孩跑的快吗?是的

问句借助于do, does否定句借助于don't, doesn't,后面动词一定要还原。

3一般过去时

表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态,常与just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。

结构是主语+be动词的过去式(was; were)或主语+动词的过去式。

注意:be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。

如:My earphones were on the ground just now。

我的耳机刚刚还在呢。

Where were you last week? I was at a camp。

你上个星期去哪了?我去野营了

What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm

你昨天去干嘛了?我去参观农场了。

问句有be动词将be动词移前,没有be动词借助于did,后面动词还原;

否定句有be动词在后面加not,没有借助于didn't后面动词还原。

4一般将来时

表示将要打算发生的事情或动作,常与tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday…), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;…)today等词连用。结构是主语+be(am, is, are) going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。

如:What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic。

你明天要去干嘛?我要去野餐。

The children are going to have a sports meeting next week。

孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。

Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening。

Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。

问句将be动词或will移前;否定句在be动词或will后加not。

5情态动词

can; can't; should; shouldn't; must; may后一定加动词原形。

如:The girl can't swim, but she can skate。

女孩不会游泳,但是会滑冰

Don't talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully。

不要再课上说话,你应该认真听老师讲。

6祈使句

肯定祈使句以动词原形开头;否定祈使句以don't加动词原形开头。

如:Open the box for me ,please。

请为我打开盒子。

Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow。

刘涛,明天请早点起床!

Don't walk on the grass!

不要在草地上走!

Helen! Don't climb the tree,please。

海伦!不要爬树。

7go的用法

去干嘛用go +动词ing

如: go swimming; go fishing;

go skating;

go camping;

go running;

go skiing;

go rowing…

8比较

than 前用比较级;as…as之间用原级。

如:My mother is two years younger than my father。

我妈比我爸年轻两岁。

Tony jumps as far as Ben。

托尼跳得和本一样远。

9喜欢做某事

用like +动词ing或like+ to + 动原。

如: Su Yang likes growing flowers。

苏阳喜欢种花。

The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival。

孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。

10想要做某事

用 would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。

例:I'd like to visit the History Museum。=I want to visit the History Museum。

11some

用于肯定句中,在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用

如:Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?

12代词

人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前,主格分别是 I you he she it we you they。

宾格做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后

如:Open them for me。 Let us …, join me等。

宾格分别是me you him her it us you them。

形容词性物主代词放在名词前,不能单独使用,分别是my your his her its our your their

名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词,它只能单独使用后面不好加名词,分别是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。

13介词

介词后要么不加动词,加动词只能加动词ing形式

如:be good at running;

do well in jumping;

14时间介词

季节前,月份前用介词in

如:in summer;in March

具体的哪一天如星期几,几月几日用介词on

如:on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning

在几点钟前用介词at

如: at a quarter to four;

只在上下午晚上用in

如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;

但在夜间用at night。

另:季节,月份和星期前不好加the。

15名词复数构成的方法

有规则的有:

(1)直接在名词后加s

如orange—oranges; photo—photos;

(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加es

如:box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach——peaches

(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

如:study—studies;library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families;

(4)以f, fe结尾的改f, fe 为v+es如:knife—knives; thief—thieves(注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es, mango—mangoes其余加s,)

不规则的有:

man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children

16动词第三人称单数的构成

(1)直接在动词后加s

如:run—runs; dance—dances

(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es

如:do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

如:study—studies; carry—carries;

17现在分词的构成

(1)直接在动词后加ing

如:sing—singing; ski—skiing;

(2)双写词尾加ing

如:swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running;

(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing

如:ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;

18规则动词过去式的构成

(1)直接在动词后加ed

如:clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played;

(2)以e结尾的直接加d

如:dance—danced; taste—tasted;

(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed

如:study—studied;carry—carried;

(4)双写词尾加ed

如:stop—stopped; jog—jogged;

不规则的有:am,is—was; are—were; do,does—did; have,has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read;

19形容词副词比较级的构成

规则的:

(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er

如;small—smaller; low—lower;

(2)以e结尾的加r

如:late—larer;

(3)双写词尾加er

如:big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;

(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er

如:heavy—heavier; early—earlier;

不规则的有:

good, well—better(最高级为best); many, much——— more(最高级为most); far———farther;

20rain与snow的用法

(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词

如:There is a lot of rain there in spring。 那儿的春天有很多雨水。

(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪,有四种形式分别是:

动词原形rain, snow;

第三人称单数rains ,snows;

现在分词raining; snowing

过去式rained; snowed;

如:①Look! It is raining now。 瞧!天正在下雨。

②It often rains in Nantong in summer。南通夏天经常下雨。

③ It rained yesterday。昨天下了雨。

④It is going to rain tomorrow。 明天要下雨。

(3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的

如:It is often rainy here in spring。这儿的春天经常是有雨的。

If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home。如果明天是有雨的,我将呆在家里。

21比较级

注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。

如:My eyes are bigger than hers。Your school bag is heavier than mine。 My computer is nicer than Nancy’s。 My brother is stronger than me。

22have, has

表示某人有(has用于第三人称单数);There is/ are;

There was/ were 表示某地存在有

注意There be 句型的就近原则

单数或不可数用there is /was;

复数用there are/ were。

23本身就是复数的词

眼镜glasses; 耳机earphones; 鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。

如:My glasses were on the chair just now。

但如果表示这双,这副,一双的时候用单数

如:There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate。 This pair of earphones is for you。

24五个元音字母分别是Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu;

25一个的用法

a用于辅音前不是辅音字母前;an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。

如:There is an ’s’, a ‘t’, a ‘u’, a ‘d’ ,an ‘e’, an ‘n’,and a ‘t’ in the word ‘student’。

26时间表示法

有两种:

(1)直接读时钟和分钟。

如6:10读成 six ten; 7:30读成seven thirty; 8:45读成eight forty—five;

(2)用to与past表示。

在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点

如:6:10读成ten past six; 7:30读成half past seven;

过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分

如7:45读成a quarter to eight; 9:50读成ten to ten;

27基数词变序数词的方法

基变序有规律,结尾加上th; 一二三特殊例,结尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);

八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替(即eigh—eighth; nine—ninth; five—— fifth ;twelve—twelfth);

ty改y为ie后加th别忘记(即整十数如twenty—twentieth;forty—fortieth);

几十几十位为基个位为序(如第二十一为twenty—first)。

另外强调序数词前一定要加the。

28日期的表示法

用the+序数词+ of +月

如:三月三日 the third of March;

12月25日 the 25th of December。

29both 表示两者都

如:My parents are both teachers。

all表示三者以上都

如:The students are all very excited。

30节日的`表示法

有day的节日前用on。

没有day的节日前用at,

如:at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Year’s Day。

31激动兴奋的

excited表示激动的,兴奋地主语是人;

exciting表示令人激动的,令人兴奋的主语是事情

如:The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited。

赛跑非常令人激动,因此所有的学生都很激动。

32比较

两者比较用比较级,三者以上比较用最高级

如:Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does

谁跑得更快,男孩还是女孩?男孩。

Which season do you like best? I like autumn best。

你最喜欢哪个季节?我最喜欢秋天。

Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better。

你更喜欢哪个季节,夏天还是冬天?我更喜欢冬天。

33动词还原的用法

前面用了do, does did, don’t, doesn’t didn’t后面动词要还原。

如:Did she watch TV last night?

Helen doesn't like taking photos。

34到了

到达用get to

但注意到家,到这儿,到那儿不可以加to

如:get home; get here; get there,

另外go home; come here; go there也一样。

35长着和穿着

长着什么用with

如:the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩;

穿着什么用in

如:the man in black穿黑衣服的男人

或:the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的妇女

36让某人做某事

用let sb后加动词原形

如:Let’s water the flowers together。

是该做…的时候了用It’s time for+名词或It’s time to +动原。

帮助某人做某事是help sb with sth

如:帮我学英语是 help me with my English

37树上

外来的东西在树上用in the tree

如:the bird in the tree;

树上长的用on the tree

如:the apples on the tree

38运动和乐器

球类之前不加the;乐器之前必须加the如:play the piano; play football

39一周中的第一天是Sunday;

一年中的第一个月是January

40get后加比较级表示变得更怎么样

如:get stronger; get longer

英语语法入门50

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清晨小雨818

小学英语语法入门,要学习哪些语法知识呢?下面是我给大家整理的小学英语语法入门的相关知识,供大家参阅!

代词是代替名词的词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词可以分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词。

一、 人称代词

1、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表:

单数 复数

格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格

第一人称 I me we us

第二人称 you you you you

第三人称 he him they them

she her they them

it it they them

2、人称代词的用法

(1)代词作主语时用主格,作宾语时用宾格:

He has great concern for them. 他很关心他们。

They all like him very much. 他们都很喜欢他。

She gave the books to you and me. 这些书是她送给你和我的。

(2)人称代词作表语时,用宾格时较多,特别是在口语中,例如:

Who is knocking at the door?- It’s me. 谁敲门?-是我。

If I were her, I would take the advice. 我要是她就接收这个意见。

Imagine yourself to be me. 设想你是我。

但在下面这种结构中却常用主格:

It was he who did it.

It is she who wants it.

在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格:

He is more intelligent than her.

He is taller than I am.

3、在使用人称代词时还应注意以下几点:

(1)we, you两词有时可用来泛指一般人:

We (you) have to be cautious under such circumstances.

在这样的情况下大家应特别小心。

We (You) should keep calm even when we (you) are in danger.

即使在危急时刻也要保持冷静。

They也可用来泛指某一些人:

They don’t allow us to smoke here. 这儿不让抽烟。(They代表谁不清楚)

They don’t make decent furniture nowadays. 现今做不出象样的家具。

(2)she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等:

I think England will do what she promised to do. 我想英国会履行她的诺言。

The “Easter” is due in tomorrow, isn’t she? 东方号轮船明天进港,是吗?

(3)在并列的主语中,I总放在最后:

Mr. Wang and I are in charge of the work. 我和王先生负责这项工作。

1、疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:

指人:who, whom, whose

指物:what

既可指人又可指物:which

2、疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较:

疑问代词:Whose are these books on the desk?桌上的书是谁的?

What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?

限定词:Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的?

What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?

3、无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如:

Which girls do you like best?

你喜欢哪几个姑娘?

What girls do you like best?

你喜欢什么样的姑娘?

4、who通常作主语和表语,whom作宾语,例如:

Who is to take the chair? 谁做主席?

Who is speaking? 是哪一位(打电话)?

Who(m) did you meet on the street?

你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)

Who(m) are you taking the book to?

你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)

To whom did you speak on the campus?

你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。)

5、Whose, what, which这三个疑问代词可以用作:

(1) 主语:

What happened next? 后来怎么样了呢?

Whose is better? 谁的好一些?

Which is yours? 哪是你的?

2) 表语:

What’s your father? 你父亲是干什么的?

Whose is it? 这是谁的?

They are so alike, you can’t tell which is which. 他们是那样相像,你都分不出谁是谁了。

(3) 宾语:

What do you mean? 你是什么意思?

Which do you prefer? 你愿意要哪一个?

Whose are you going to borrow? 你预备借谁的?

(4) 定语:

Which train will you take? 你搭哪一班火车?

What time shall we meet again? 我们什么时候再碰头?

Whose umbrella is this? 这是谁的雨伞?

6、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如:

I can't make out what he is driving at.

我不知道他用意何在。

Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?

你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?

Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.

你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。

表示“这个”,“那个”,“这些”,“那些”等意思的代词叫做指示代词。指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式

1、指示代词用法:

(1) 作主语:

This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。

This is what I want to emphasize. 这就是我想强调的。

This is a chair. 这是一把椅子。

That is Linda's book. 这是琳达的书。

Whose pens are those? 那些是谁的钢笔。

(2) 作宾语:

We should always keep this in mind. 我们应当经常记住这一点。

I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个甚至那个。

Have you read this? 你读过这个吗?

I like these but she likes those. 我喜欢这些,而她喜欢那些。

(3) 作表语:

My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。

Her plan is this. 她的计划是这样的。

His worries are those. 他的烦恼就是那些。

(4) 作定语:

You can't swim at this time of the year. 你不能在这个时候游泳。

I don't like that man. 我不喜欢那个人。

We must get to know these tricks of theirs. 我们必须懂得他们这一套鬼花招。

2、指示代词的用法区别

(1) this和these一般指在空间和时间上较近的事物,that和those一般指在空间和时间上较远的事物。

例:This is a map of China and that is a map of the world.

这是一张中国地图,那是一张世界地图。

Please come this way. We'll go in by that door. 请这边走,我们从那扇门进去。

In those year they led a hard life. 在那些岁月里,他们生活得很艰难

2) this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物,有启下的作用,that和those常指前面已经讲到过的事物,起承上的作用。

例:I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. 我将对你说这一点:他是一个诚实的人。

He felt ill. That is why he didn't come. 他病了,那就是他没来的原因。

He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃,那花费了他5美元。

(3) that和those有时可用来代替前面提到过的东西,以避免重复这个名词:

These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 这些机器比我们去年生产的好。

The oil output in 1988 was much higher than that of 1986. 1988年的石油产量比1986年高很多。

The history of China is as interesting as that of Russia. 中国的历史同俄国的历史一样有趣。

(4) 在电话中,this表示打电话者,that表示接电话的对方。

例:A: Hello! This is Bob (speaking).喂,我是鲍勃。

B: Who's that please? 请问是哪位?(美语用Who's it?或Who's this?)

3、such也是一个指示代词,在句子中可用作:

(1) 定语:

We have had such a busy day. 我们今天忙得真够呛。

I don’t like such weather. 我不喜欢这样的天气。

(2) 主语:

Such was my immediate impression. 这就是我当时的印象。

Such are the results. 结果就是如此。

(3) 表语:

His illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 他的病还不至于使人焦虑不安。

4、same也可以看作指示代词,在句中能作定语、主语、表语或宾语:

She said the same thing all over again. 她把同样的话又说了一遍。

The same may be said of his brother. 他弟弟也有这种情形。

Our views are the same. 我们的看法是相同的。

“Happy New year!” “The same to you!” “新年好!”“新年好!”

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